Possible Impacts of Climate Change on Sunflower Yield in Turkey

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is the main raw material used to produce oil for consumption and oilseed in Turkey; however, its production is not sufficient, even for only domestic consumption. Therefore, studies were needed to determine how to increase both the production area and yield in Turkey. The aim of the study was to evaluate the possible effects of climate changes on future sunflower yield. A total of 29 provinces with intense sunflower cultivation during years of 1985–2014 were evaluated. Sunflower production values and meteorological data, which belong to years of 1985–2014, on climate projections, based on HadGEM2-ES Global Climate Model and RCP8.5 scenario that cover period of 2016–2099, were used as material. In the first part of the study, linear regression analyses were conducted between the observation and production data using the least squares method. In the second part, the possible effects of climate changes on sunflower yield for 2016–2040, 2041–2070, and 2071–2099 were determined using regression equations and climate projection data. Projections indicate that decreases in yield are expected, especially in the second half of this century. In Tekirdag and Konya provinces, where there is intensive sunflower cultivation, severe decreases in yield are expected for all studied periods

Mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of the kidney: a case of a rare renal tumor presenting in a perimenopausal female

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Numerical Study of Mixed Convection in a Channel Filled with a Porous Medium

The heat transfer of mixed convection in a horizontal channel filled with a porous medium has been studied in this article, given that it plays an extensive role in various technical applications, such as flow of fluid in geothermal resources, formations in chemical industries, the storage of radioactive nuclear waste material, and cooling. Those equations written in a dimensionless form have been solved using the finite difference method for different values of the parameters. The results obtained from the study have been presented through streamlines, isotherms, and both local and average Nusselt numbers. It has been observed that parameters such as the Rayleigh and Peclet numbers have an effect on flow and temperature fields

The effect of gamma radiation and magnetic field on seed germination andseedling growth at low temperature in sorghum x sudangrass hybrids

This study was aimed to provide seed germination and seedling growth of sorghum x sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) hybrids at low temperature by using gamma radiation and magnetic field strength. Seeds of two hybrids ("Aneto" and "Sugar Graze") were treated with different gamma doses (0-control, 100 Gy) and magnetic field strengths (0-control and 75 mT) for 72 hours while some were applied with both gamma radiation + magnetic field. Germination trials were carried out for 10 days in an incubator at 15°C temperature. Germinated seeds fromeach treatment were transferred to pots (5 pots with 4 seeds each) and cultured for 28 days in growth chamber at 15°C temperature. In this study, germination percentage, seedling growth percentage, seedling height, root length, seedling fresh and dry weights, and water content of seedling were determined. Lowest results in all parameters in both hybrids were observed in the control treatment without gamma radiation and magnetic field strength application. The highest values in all parameters studied were recorded in seeds treated both by gammaradiation+magnetic field strength applied together in "Aneto", and in seeds treated with magnetic field strength in "Sugar Graze". As a result of the research, gamma radiation and magnetic field strength applied to seed increased seed germination and seedling growth at a low temperature of 15°C

Bipolar disorder with Marfan syndrome: a case illustration based on possible involvement of TGF-β1 in the common etiopathogenesis

Marfan syndrome (MFS) is mainly characterized by the pathological connective tissue. The mutant fibrillin protein in MFS misleads the constitutive pathways of various tissues through inappropriate transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signalling. Bipolar disorder (BPD) is believed to arise as a result of impaired synaptic modulation and neural plasticity in crucial pathways that mediate cognition and affection. TGF-β was linked with neurogenesis and developmental neural remodelling. Altered TGF-β functions with pleiotropic effects to the brain could increase susceptibility to psychiatric disorders such as BPD. Disrupted circuits of molecular signalling chains cause improper synapse formation, synaptic transmission, and synaptic plasticity that ultimately may end up with BPD. Here, we report a 26-year-old male who was diagnosed with MFS and BPD. This case report aimed to argue probable impaired neuroprotective mechanisms which may lead to such comorbidity. We may inspire later studies on possible shared etiopathogenesis via defective microfibrillar proteins of both disorders

Gamma Radiation Effect on <em>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</em>-Mediated Gene Transfer in Potato (<em>Solanum tuberosum</em> L.)

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the major crops of the world. Significant improvements can be achieved in terms of yield and quality by the determination of efficient transformation methods. On the other hand, low transformation frequency seriously limits the application of molecular techniques in obtaining transgenic crops. In the present study, the effect of gamma radiation on Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation to the potato was firstly investigated. Sterile seedlings of potato cv. ‘Marabel’, which was grown on Gamborg’s B5 medium in Magenta vessels, were irradiated with different gamma radiation doses (0-control, 40, 80, 120 Gy 60Co). Stem parts having axillary meristems were excised from irradiated seedlings and inoculated by A. tumefaciens (GV2260), which harbors the binary plasmid p35S GUS-INT contains and GUS (β-glucuronidase) gene controlled by 35S promoter (CaMV) and nptII (neomycin phosphotransferase II) gene driven by NOS (nopaline synthase) promoter). Inoculated stem parts having axillary meristems explants were then directly transported to a selection medium containing duocid (500 mg l−1), and kanamycin (100 mg l−1), 4 mg l−1 gibberellic acid, 1 mg l−1 BAP and 0.1 mg l−1 NAA. The adult transgenic plants were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. According to the number of transgenic plants determined by PCR analysis, results obtained from explants treated with 40 Gy gamma gave the best results compared to the control (0 Gy) application. The doses over 40 Gy were also found statistically significant compared to the control (0 Gy). It is expected that the protocol described in this study make the transformation studies easier by skipping the stages of ‘co-cultivation’, ‘culturing explants on selection medium’ and ‘recovery of transgenic shoots on selection medium’ not only for potato but also for other crop plants. This study was supported by a grant from the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBİTAK) (Grant number 113O280 to Prof. Dr. Mustafa YILDIZ)

The relationship between maternal and umbilical cord adropin levels with the presence and severity of preeclampsia

Aim: To investigate both maternal and umbilical cord adropin levels in patients with preeclampsia and the possible relations with its severity and perinatal outcomes. Materials and methods: In this study, a total of 38 preeclamptic and 40 age- matched healthy pregnant women between January and June 2016 were included. Serum and cord adropin levels were measured using an enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The maternal and umbilical cord adropin levels were significantly lower in the preeclamptic group compared to controls [71.19 +/- 22.21 vs. 100.76 +/- 27.02 ng/L and 92.39 (59.77:129.89) vs. 106.20 (74.42: 208.02) ng/L, P < 0.001, respectively]. While maternal adropin levels were significantly lower in the severe preeclampsia group as compared to the mild preeclamptic group [66.45 (21.49:98.02) vs. 76.17 (58.06:109.58), P = 0.007], umbilical cord adropin levels did not differ between each group [91.32 (59.77:113.34) vs. 92.87 (63.12:129.89), P = 0.750]. Maternal adropin level was negatively correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressures (r = - 0.60, P < 0.001 and r = - 0.58, P < 0.001, respectively) and positively correlated with platelet count (r = 0.27, P = 0.016). Moreover, umbilical cord adropin levels were weakly correlated with gestational age at delivery (r = 0.28, P = 0.012) and birth weight (r = 0.28, P = 0.014). Conclusion: The present study is the first to demonstrate a significant association between maternal and umbilical adropin levels and the presence and severity of preeclampsia. Adropin might be a useful parameter for predicting the presence and severity of preeclampsia

The relationship between maternal and umbilical cord adropin levels with the presence and severity of preeclampsia

Aim: To investigate both maternal and umbilical cord adropin levels in patients with preeclampsia and the possible relations with its severity and perinatal outcomes