AN OVERVIEW OF STATE OF CHARGE(SOC) AND STATE OF HEALTH(SOH) ESTIMATION METHODS OF LI-ION BATTERIES

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The Coastal Data Information Program, a Successful Federal, State and University Cooperation

International audienceThermal management and heat prediction are essential to improve the Li-ion battery operation life and performance, especially in Energy Storage System (ESS) for electric vehicles. Variation of cells temperatures of a battery pack can cause damage if not managed. In this paper, an electrochemical-thermal battery pack of three parallel-connected cylindrical Li-ion cells is modelled using COMSOL Multi-physics. The battery pack is cooled using air cooling approach with different inlet velocity to investigate its impact on the model temperature evolution , and the developed thermal model was then, charged/discharge at different temperatures to generate the essential data needed to model an electric-thermal model and identify its parameters in Matlab/Simulink software

High Performance Photocatalytic Activity of Mg2+ Doped Hexagonal ZnO Nanoparticles in the Methylene Blue Degradation under UV Irradiation.

Mg2+ doped hexagonal ZnO nanoparticles with different Mg2+contents (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%,4%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%) were prepared from oxalate precursors synthesized by direct reaction in the solid state between oxalic acid dihydrate (H2C2O4.2H2O), nitrate salts of zinc (Zn(NO3)2.6H2O) and magnesium (Mg(NO3)2.6H2O) at 150 °C. The resulting precursors were subsequently calcined at 500 °C to produce the corresponding oxides. In addition, the oxalates of the single metals were also prepared by heating at 180 °C to dehydrate the complexes, before using TGA thermal gravimetric analysis to determine the temperature range of the decomposition. The obtained oxides were characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller technique (BET), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and  tested as photocatalysts in the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under UV irradiation. The results show a segregation of phases starting at an Mg2+ content of 10%. The crystallites’ sizes, calculated using Scherer formula from the XRD data, are in the nanoscale for all the samples (19.8 to 29.8 nm), in good agreement with the particle size observed in TEM (20 to 50 nm). However, larger particles sizes were obtained from BET, ranging from 70 to 123 nm, due the agglomerated state of the powder. On the other hand, the highest efficiency as a photocatalyst in the photodegradtion of MB was observed for samples 7 and 8 corresponding to 10% and 15% in Mg2+ content respectively. The reaction rates were found to be 0.57min-1 for undoped ZnO and 1.17 min-1 for samples 7 and 8. In this range, the substituted compounds are twice more efficient than the undoped ZnO

Toxicological evaluation of Thymelaea hirsuta and protective effect against CCl4-induced hepatic injury in rats

The aerial part of Thymelaea hirsuta (TH) is used as decoction in the treatment of different pathologies in folk medicine in Morocco. The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the potential of toxicity of an aqueous extract of TH and its hepatoprotective activity against CCl4-induced hepatic injury in rats. In the acute study, there were no signs of toxicity observed after oral administration of single dose of the extract (5g/kg body weight). In the sub-chronic dose study, (given by gavages (4 ml/kg) to Wistar rats daily at: 0.0 g/kg, 0.5g/kg, 1 g/kg or 2 g/kg body weight for 4 weeks) no variation on biochemical parameters; serum glucose, creatinine and urea levels was observed compared to the control group. However, the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) and aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) were markedly decreased (P < 0.05 and P<0.001 respectively) as compared to the controls. There were no significant differences in red blood cells count (p<0.05), in Hemoglobin and Hematocrit serum levels but a significant increase in white blood cells count (p<0.001) and in platelets (p< 0.05) for all doses tested. Histopathological examination of the liver, spleen and kidneys tissues at the end of the study showed normal architecture. The elevated serum enzymatic activities of ALAT and ASAT, due to carbon tetrachloride treatment (1 ml/kg CCl4 every 72 h during 15 days) were restored towards normalization by the plant extracts. The biochemical observations were supplemented with histopathological examination of liver sections. The results indicate that this plant possesses no toxicity effects but hepatoprotective properties.Keywords: Thymelaea hirsuta, Wistar rats, Toxicity, Histopathology, hepatoprotective action, Folk medicin

Molecular diagnostics for verification of pleural tuberculosis in Morocco

Pleural tuberculosis (pTB) is a very common form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB). pTB diagnostics represents a major burning challenge worldwide due to the limitations of available conventional diagnostic tools. These latter include microscopic examination of the pleural fluid for acid-fast bacilli, mycobacterial culture of pleural fluid in solid or liquid media, sputum or pleural tissue, and histopathological examination of pleural tissue; these tests have recognized limitations for clinical use. Hence, to overcome these limitations, attention has been devoted to new nucleic acid amplification (NAA) diagnostic tests such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR (RT-PCR), owing to their accuracy, rapidity, high sensitivity and specificity. Within this context, this prospective study was conducted to evaluate the performance of molecular diagnosis methods for differentiation between tuberculosis and non-tuberculosis pleural effusions. Fifty patients with pleural effusion were enrolled in this prospective study in Rabat, Morocco. The efficacy of conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the diagnostics of tuberculous pleurisy by targeting IS6110 and mycobacterial internal transcribed spacer (MYITS) was evaluated compared to histopathologic examination and culture data. Our results showed that IS6110 PCR could “rule in” pTB, the sensitivity and specificity being 41.6% and 85.7%, respectively. Therefore, the findings confirmed that molecular tests exert a relatively high specificity in EPTB but lower sensitivity, thus a positive test is considered as a pTB case whereas negative one cannot exclude the disease. Although the study was limited by a small sample size, it adds to the body of evidence of usefulness of molecular testing as adjuncts to histopathologic examination for accurate diagnosis of pTB, to treat timely and to avoid the emergence and spread of drug resistant pTB. However, further efforts should be made to increase the sensitivity of NAA methods and to identify the best molecular targets to be useful in clinical practice

This paper aims to provide a structured review of aging mechanisms that aect the battery performance and also some of the most relevantalgorithms that were used in the recent literature to predict the actual health of the battery. Finally, and based on the dierent approaches thatwere studied evaluation criteria are proposed to help judge the performanceof State Of Health (SOH) estimation algorithm.

International audienceBattery Management System (BMS) is an essential component for lithium-ion battery-based devices. It provides a variety of func-tionalities that help improve the overall lifespan of the battery, including states estimation algorithms. An accurate state of health is one of the essential features an advanced BMS provides, in order to track long term performance and ensure reliable operation of the battery. This paper aims to provide a structured review of ageing mechanisms that affect the battery performance and also some of the most relevant algorithms that were used in the recent literature to predict the actual health of the battery. Finally, and based on the different approaches that were studied evaluation criteria are proposed to help judge the performance of State Of Health (SOH) estimation algorithm

Electro-thermal coupled battery model : State of charge, core and surface temperatures estimation

International audienceSince their emergence, lithium-ion batteries have played a major role in the growing market of electric vehicles thanks to their characteristics in term of power and energy density. However, the battery expected lifetime is still under investigation since it is influenced by State of charge, temperature and current rates. Which makes battery states prediction and thermal management essential to improve the Li-ion battery performance. Combining a three-state equivalent circuit model and a two-state thermal model, this paper proposes a coupled electro-thermal battery model capturing the State of Charge (SOC), the battery surface and core temperatures. Aiming to control the battery usage and avoid heating, the model is expressed in a state space form in order to allow state estimation and then SOC and thermal effects prediction. A simple state observer and a Robust Non Linear state estimator for SOC estimation are presented and compared. Then a nonlinear observer design for core and surface temperature is modeled, and the results obtained are discussed