Behavior tests and immunohistochemical retinal response analyses in RCS rats with subretinal implantation of Okayama-University-type retinal prosthesis

We have developed a photoelectric dye-coupled polyethylene film as a prototype of retinal prosthesis, which we named Okayama University-type retinal prosthesis. The purposes of this study are to conduct behavior tests to assess vision in Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats that underwent subretinal implantation of the dye-coupled film and to reveal retinal response to the dye-coupled film by immunohistochemistry. Polyethylene films were made of polyethylene powder at refined purity, and photoelectric dyes were coupled to the film surface at higher density compared with the prototype. Either dye-coupled film or dye-uncoupled plain film used as a control was implanted subretinally from a scleral incision in both eyes of an RCS rat at 6 weeks of the age. Behavior tests 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after implantation were conducted by observing head turning or body turning in the direction consistent with clockwise or counterclockwise rotation of a black-and-white-striped drum around a transparent cage housed with the rat. After the behavior tests at 8 weeks, rats' eyes were enucleated to confirm subretinal implantation of the films and processed for immunohistochemistry. In the behavior tests, the number of head turnings consistent with the direction of the drum rotation was significantly larger in RCS rats with dye-coupled- compared with plain-film implantation [P < 0.05, repeated-measure analysis of variance (ANOVA), n = 7]. The number of apoptotic neurons was significantly smaller in eyes with dye-coupled- compared with plain-film implantation (P < 0.05, Mann-Whitney U test, n = 6). In conclusion, subretinal implantation of photoelectric dye-coupled films restored vision in RCS rats and prevented the remaining retinal neurons from apoptosis

ロジスティック カイキ ブンセキ ニ オケル モデル ノ テキゴウ ド シヒョウ ニ カンスル コウサツ ト テイアン

本研究は、データを統計的に解析する方法論のひとつであるロジスティック回帰分析に関するものである。ロジスティック回帰分析において想定したモデルの適合度を評価する際に用いられるHosmer-Lemeshow検定の問題点を、人工的に作成した具体的な数値例によって明らかにした。さらに、この問題点を修正した新たな適合度指標を提案した。提案した適合度指標の実用性については、従来から提案されているモデルの対数尤度、Cox & Snell のR2値、NagelkerkeのR2値と比較して、整合性があることを確認した。また、本研究で提案している適合度指標は、Hosmer-Lemeshow検定の改善という観点から考え出したものであるが、ロジスティック回帰分析における寄与率R2が通常の回帰分析(OLS)で得られる寄与率に比べて低い値が得られやすく、モデルの信頼性を評価する際に、実用の場面では使いにくいという問題点の解消にも役立つことを報告する。This study is concerned with logistic regression analysis which is a method of statistical dataanalysis. In this research, the problem of Hosmer-Lemeshow test used in logistic regression analysis for the purpose of evaluating the fitness of model was clarified by some numerical examples made artificially. In addition, a new measurement of fitness that corrected Hosmer-Lemeshow test was proposed. It was confirmed there was coordination with log-likelihood, Cox & Snell-R2,Nagelkerke-R2,which are usual measurements in logistic regression analysis. Moreover, it was found that report this new measurement is useful for the cancellation of the problem that contribution rate in logistic regression analysis is of no practical use at evaluating the reliability of model because their values are lower than contribution rate in ordinary least squares

コレスポンデンス ブンセキ オ モチイタ イッツイヒカクホウ オヨビ ハイグウホウ ノ カイセキ ニ カンスル コウサツ ト テイアン

本研究は度数データを統計的に解析する方法論の一つであるコレスポンデンス分析に関するものである。コレスポンデンス分析はアンケート調査における度数データの解析に有用な方法であるが、この手法を官能検査によって得られたデータに適用することで、従来の官能検査手法よりも詳細な知見を得ることができることを数値例によって報告する。 本研究で取り上げた官能検査手法は、一対比較法と配偶法である。一対比較法はパネルの好みを調査する嗜好型官能検査の手法で、評価対象を1次元尺度上に順位づけすることを目的としている。本研究では、一対比較法によって得られたデータにコレスポンデンス分析を適用することで、1次元では表すことができない順位づけを多次元で表現できることを報告する。 一方、配偶法はパネルの識別力を調査する分析型官能検査で、従来はパネルに識別能力があるかないかの判定にのみ使われていた。本研究では、配偶法によって得られたデータから類似度行列を作成し、その行列をコレスポンデンス分析で解析することにより、評価対象間の識別難易度を視覚的に表現することが可能になることを報告する。This research is concerned with "correspondence analysis" that is one of the methodologies that statistically analyze the frequency data. Correspondence analysis is a useful method for the analysis of the frequency data in the questionnaire survey. In this research, it was found that more detailed finding can be obtained by applying this technique to acquired data by the sensory test than a past sensory inspection technique with the numerical example. The sensory test techniques which are taken up in this research are "paired comparison" and "matching test". Paired comparison aims at the evaluation object in the technique of the preference sensory test that investigates the favor of the panel and it has aimed at order in one dimension. In this research, it was found that by the application of the correspondence analysis to acquired data by paired comparison, the order that cannot be shown by one dimension is multi-dimensional expressible. On the other hand, matching test is the analytical sensory test that investigates the panel discrimination, and is used only to judge whether the panel have or do not have the discrimination ability. In this research, it was found that applying correspondence analysis to the similarity matrix made from collected data by matching test can make a sight expression of the discrimination difficulty between the objects

Collagen-binding Agent Compositions And Methods Of Using The Same

The invention generally relates to collagen-binding agent compositions and methods of using the same. More specifically, the invention relates in part to new collagen-binding agent compositions and methods that may be used to treat damaged collagen within tissues or used to specifically target therapeutics to tissues containing undamaged or damaged collagen

Collagen-binding Agent Compositions And Methods Of Using The Same

The invention generally relates to collagen-binding agent compositions and methods of using the same. More specifically, the invention relates in part to new collagen-binding agent compositions and methods that may be used to treat damaged collagen within tissues or used to specifically target therapeutics to tissues containing undamaged or damaged collagen

Central Nervous System Peripheral T Cell Lymphoma Manifesting as Lymphomatosis Cerebri That Was Misdiagnosed as Neuro-Behçet’s Disease: A Case Report

Background: Lymphomatosis cerebri (LC) is a unique form of primary central nerves lymphoma (PCNSL), which presents as diffuse infiltration of lymphoma cells characteristically in the white matter rather than tumor formation. However, the involvement of central nervous system (CNS) is unclear because of the lack of contrast enhancement. Case Presentation: We treated a 53-year-old woman with LC and brain lesions resembling neuro-Behcet’s disease. She had a past history of acute uveitis and current symptoms of somnolence and gait disturbances progressing for one month. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed high signal lesions in the brain stem. Based on her past history and present clinical findings, she was clinically diagnosed with neuro-Behcet’s disease, which was treated with 1 g of methylprednisolone (mPSL) pulse therapy. Repeated mPSL pulse therapy resulted in a minor response, but the cerebral lesions persisted. After a short remission of several months, signal changes of the brain stem lesion recurred and her consciousness level worsened at 4 months after diagnosis. Upon admission to our hospital, positron emission tomography with 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-D-glucose integrated with computed tomography revealed abnormal uptake in the systemic lymph nodes (LNs), including the bilateral inguinal LNs. A diagnosis based on a biopsy of the left inguinal LNs was primary central nervous system lymphoma with inguinal LN lesions, manifesting as LC from malignant peripheral T cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified. Four courses of high-dose methotrexate (3.5 g/m2) therapy lead to temporary recovery of consciousness, but there was no improvement in other neurological findings. All nodal lesions tentatively regressed. Serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) (normal range: 121–613 U/mL) was constitutively decreased from 8,520 U/mL before chemotherapy to 740 U/mL after chemotherapy. We observed cerebral micro-bleeds in the center of LC lesions during chemotherapy, but no surgical intervention was required. Two months later, LC recurred in the brain, which was fatal. Conclusions: Neuro-Behçet’s disease is difficult to distinguish from LC when other clinical findings, including human leukocyte antigen disparity, serum sIL-2R, or cerebrospinal IL-6, are lacking. LC should be differentiated from CNS lymphoma before corticosteroid therapy