POLYPLOIDY AND HYBRIDIZATION HAVE A ROLE IN PLANT DISTRIBUTION IN THE UNITED STATES: A BIOINFORMATICS STUDY

Introduction: Polyploidy is the doubling of a genome. Autopolyploidy and allopolyploidy are two different modes of genome duplication. These events are common in angiosperms and usually involve diploids and tetraploids, a resulting polyploid species. Both cytotypes exhibit competitive exclusion and environmental adaptation according to their spatial distributions. My research focuses on how abiotic environmental factors affect the range and the amount of range overlap of the taxon within the Callisia graminea and Allium canadense systems over time. Niche modeling determines whether there is substantial niche overlap between the Callisia graminea diploid and tetraploid, whether range shifts occur between the Callisia graminea cytotypes or Allium canadense varieties, and whether there is substantial range overlap between the Allium canadense parental and hybrid varieties. Methods: The environmental layers from 1929 and 2011 were used for building the niche models and were downloaded from PRISM (http://www.prism.oregonstate.edu/recent/). The layers were clipped to encompass the range that each system occupies. The niche models were constructed using MaxEnt and assessed for robustness. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values were utilized to evaluate the accuracy of each model. The model-based methods used to evaluate niche overlap were Schoener’s D and the I Similarity tests and permutation tests. The other statistic used to evaluate niche overlap was Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Key Results: For the Callisia graminea system, the range overlap of the diploids and tetraploids increased when comparing the 1929 models to the 2011 models. Surprisingly, diploid range increased, while the tetraploid range decreased. For the Allium canadense system, the range of variety lavendulare increased in 2011. Though the range of hybrid varieties had decreased in 2011, it was larger compared to the range of the parental varieties of the same year. The parentals’ range increased when comparing the 1929 model to the 2011 model. Conclusions: The increase in niche overlap over time between the Callisia graminea cytotypes indicates that the two cytotypes are not diverging ecologically, but actually appear to be converging ecologically instead. The Callisia graminea tetraploids and the Allium canadense hybrids have experienced its boundary of accommodating environmental conditions and may not be capable of expanding further, whereas the Callisia graminea diploids and the Allium canadense parentals have not. The variety lavendulare has successfully expanded by encountering favorable abiotic conditions

Spatial Awareness in Locative Media Projects

This MRP focuses on the different applications that location technologies take part of such as, free based navigational systems like Google Maps, and Locative Media art projects; and analyzes their impact on people and their experience of space. By determining that Google Maps and Locative Media are on different sides of the spectrum of location technologies, I suggest that they are developing different territorial discourses through the use of digital mapping. I suggest that Google Maps is developing a territorialization of space by modifying the way in which the body recognizes space, by creating an image of the world that is designed towards a single user—the Google user—and by imposing itself as a map that is able to represent space. Using a theoretical approach towards understanding these effects, I then analyze three Locative Media project that challenge these ideas, they are: Cary Peppermint’s project, “Indeterminate Hikes,”“Megafone/Montreal in*accessible” by Antoni Abad, and “Amsterdam Real Time” by the Waag Society

Neurochemical Measurements in Rodents that Model Huntingtion's Disease and Oxidative Stress

Huntington's disease (HD) is a fatal, neurodegenerative movement disorder caused by a CAG repeat expansion on the gene encoding the huntinin protein. HD is characterized by preferential and extensive striatal degeneration. We used fast-scan cyclic voltammetry to measure dopamine release and reserve pool dopamine in genetically and chemically altered rodents that model HD. Genetic HD model mice and rats (R6/1 mice, R/2 mice, and HDtg rats) showed an age-dependent decrease in dopamine release in the dorsolateral caudate putamen. A similar decrease is not seen in 3-nitropropionic (3NP)-treated rats. In the case of R6/2 mice, stimulation at increasing frequencies showed a decrease in dopamine at the highest frequencies of 50 Hz and 60 Hz. The number of reserve pool vesicles was found to decrease in the R6/2 mice while it increased in the 3NP treated rats. In a separate study, methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) mice, which model oxidative stress, have been reported to have chronically high dopamine levels relative to control mice. Additionally, these high levels parallel an increased presynaptic dopamine release when stimulated in vitro without drug treatments. Here we show evidence in striatal tissue for an increase in dopaminergic reserve pools that correlates to the increased dopamine levels of this knockout mouse. The results suggest that dopamine in reserve pool vesicles accumulates in the MrsA knockout mouse. This evidence supports previous reports that suggest the amount of dopamine in reserve pools is dependent on the overall dopamine levels, including readily releasable dopamine vesicles

Effective conversations about literature in ESL

The purpose of this thesis was to investigate how to facilitate effective conversations about shared texts in English as a Second Language lessons. Since effective instructional talk between students and teachers help English learners develop speaking and listening skills, as well as improve their understanding of written texts, students need lots of opportunities to engage in meaningful conversations about literature. In the course of this study, six bilingual students practiced to express and elaborate their ideas. They learned to ask their teacher and their peers inferential and critical questions, and respond to those in turn. They discussed stories as well as rules for effective conversations

Análisis crítico de la noción del desarrollo económico contemparáneo desde un punto de vista occidental y el mito de su aplicabilidad política y social

The current investigation analyzes critically the notion about the economic development in the occidental context by proposing the dichotomy between development and underdevelopment. The empirical ideas will de be raised and how the economic development notion has molded the reality in such a way which is established the teleological rule. To achieve the intended the purpose, this research will start explaining some definitions and concepts given to economic development as well as explanations based on the colonialism phenomenon to start from ideas already imposed and to follow with the myth of its applicability and perception. This work try to criticize the notion of economic development based on separation and inferiority behavior to understand this appetite that human being has to possess more and follow guidelines of comparisons with “the other”. Concluding with the idea that everything that has to be to development is closely linked to an imposition of belonging to this existential game to getting something that no necessary exists.La presente investigación realiza un análisis crítico sobre la noción del desarrollo económico dentro del contexto occidental planteando la dicotomía del desarrollo y el subdesarrollo. Se plantea las ideas empíricas del desarrollo económico y cómo este ha moldeado la realidad de tal manera que se establezca una regla teleológica. Para lograr el propósito planteado, esta investigación empezará explicando algunas definiciones y conceptos que se le ha dado al desarrollo económico así como explicaciones basadas en el fenómeno del colonialismo para partir desde ideas ya impuestas de éste hecho histórico y seguir con el mito de su aplicabilidad y percepción. Este trabajo pretende criticar la noción de desarrollo basado en conductas de separación e inferioridad, identificando este apetito que el ser humano tiene por poseer más y seguir lineamientos de comparación con "el otro”, concluyendo básicamente con la idea que en realidad todo lo que conlleva al desarrollo está estrechamente ligado a una imposición de pertenecer a un juego existencial para llegar a ser algo que no necesariamente existe

Programación orientada a objetos con Java y UML

Uno de los estándares de programación es el paradigma de la Programación Orientada a Objetos que modela situaciones del mundo real en forma de objetos con características y funcionalidades. El éxito de este paradigma consiste en la aceptación de los lenguajes, tanto en diseño como en el soporte para su implementación. En este libro, se aborda la Programación Orientada a Objetos amalgamando dos secciones importantes. Por un lado, se utiliza el Lenguaje Unificado de Modelado (UML) para describir objetos; y por otro, se presenta el lenguaje de programación denominado Java para la implementación de los modelos presentados. Las diferentes concepciones teóricas son tratadas de forma práctica mediante ejercicios resueltos y modelos de objetos que permiten al lector ir creciendo en sus conocimientos de manera estructurada, ya que partiendo desde conceptos generales de algoritmos es posible tratar nociones abstractas de las propiedades inherentes a los objetos. Finalmente, y no menos importante, es el hecho de que este libro fue concebido como una guía práctica para que las personas interesadas en la programación puedan determinar claramente cuáles son los principios fundamentales y, por ende, acceder a los conocimientos básicos sobre la Programación Orientada a Objetos

Análisis de la vulnerabilidad del sistema territorial para el Municipio de Armenia Quindío

Trabajo de InvestigaciónEste trabajo consiste en el análisis y evaluación de la vulnerabilidad territorial a partir de los 110 indicadores propuesto en el proyecto, Orientado a proponer algunas recomendaciones, generales para disminuir la vulnerabilidad del sistema territorial a través de una evaluación de estrategias, planes, programas, regulaciones, medidas y acciones permanentes para el conocimiento y la reducción del riesgo y para el manejo de desastres, con el firme propósito de contribuir a la seguridad, el bienestar, la calidad de vida de las personas y al desarrollo sostenible; según la necesidad de la ciudad de Armenia Quindío.PregradoIngeniero Civi

Propuesta para el mejoramiento de la estrategia en aprovisionamiento de servidores y máquinas virtuales utilizando la herramienta de virtualización BMC

Práctica EmpresarialEl trabajo permite identificar algunas de las fallas que se cometen previas a la implementación del proyecto “Hosting virtual” en la empresa de teléfonos de Bogotá, las cuales impiden tener éxito en el proyectoPregradoIngeniero de Sistema