Lessons Learned : Norwegian Marine Management

"A short summary of the reason behind the development of the Norwegian integrated management plans for the Marine Environments of the Barents Sea, Norwegian Sea and the North Sea. The participating bodies are identified, as well as the design of the preparations, the governance and evaluation of the Barents Sea management plan. Finally, lessons learned, both positive and challenging, are listed." Invited presentation at the HARMONY WS 1, Copenhage

Towards a SIOS observational integration plan

Towards a SIOS observational integration plan Roland Neuber1, Karoline Baelum2, Ragnhild Rønneberg3, Christine Daae Olseng4, Jon Børre Ørbæk4, Georg Hansen5 1. Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum for Polar and Marine Research 2. Svalbard Science Forum 3. UNIS 4. Research Council of Norway 5. NILU The existing and planned observational capacities of SIOS members on Svalbard are divers and distributed with respect to locations, scientific disciplines, physical spheres, institutional structures, and other aspects. Accordingly, a great need of integration arises, which on one hand needs to take into account the specifics of a large range of scientific disciplines, of polar research, international cooperation beyond Europe, and more. On the other hand, integrating the observational capacities opens up a huge potential of novel research and knowledge –and especially if satellite data are included more in the work. Within SIOS the scientific observations should be coordinated with the goal to produce “added values” by making infrastructure available across disciplines, locations and institutions.. For the Kongsfjorden International Research Base in Ny-Ålesund four flagship programmes have been developed recently by NySMAC and SSF. Each programme identifies also here needs for observational integration. Observational integration within SIOS can be fundamentally discriminated for the two areas of scientific work, namely Field expeditions (on land or on sea but outside of established stations and permanent installations), and Long term observations. For long term observations SIOS should utilize already existing structures and affiliate with them. This includes particularly established observational networks which we find in fields like meteorology, oceanography, geophysics and others, as well as in organisational structures like SAON/ISAC, INTERACT/SCANNET, AMAP and others. For Ny-Ålesund the previously established Flagship Programmes could be further developed to become an integral part of SIOS. Observational coordination could be organized according to • Disciplines or compartments, like “atmosphere”, “ocean”, “cryosphere”, “terrestrial systems” • Platforms, like “land based”, “sea borne”, “air borne”, “space borne” • Location, like Ny-Ålesund, Longyearbyen, Barentsburg, Hornsund, Hopen/ Bjørnøya, others • Scientific Topics The Ny-Ålesund scientific community is invited to contribute substantially to the further development of the SIOS observational integration plan, which should become effective after the formal establishment of SIOS, planned autumn 2014

Growth and diel vertical migration patterns of the toxic dinoflagellate Protoceratium reticulatum in a water column with salinity stratification: the role of bioconvection and light

Novel data on growth and migratory behaviour of a southern Norwegian strain of Protoceratium reticulatum (Dinophyceae) were obtained from long-lasting (14-22 d) experiments in a water column with salinity gradient (ΔS = 4 [30-34 psu] and 14 [20-34 psu]), light intensity of 100 µmol photons m-2 s-1 and light:dark cycle of 14:10 h. Based on specific growth experiments (maximum growth rate: 0.3 divisions d-1), these environmental conditions were considered near optimal. Upward migration at an average speed of 0.6 m h-1 (maximum 4.0 m h-1) was controlled by positive phototaxis. Ascending populations managed to pass the halocline after an osmotic adjustment time of 4 and 8 d in the case of ΔS = 4 and 14, respectively, and once this was achieved the vertical migration cycle was restricted to the upper layer. Descent from the surface started once the dark period was initiated. Very slow sinking speeds (0.03-0.08 m h-1) during darkness resulted in a random distribution of algal cells within the upper layer, indicating a balance between negative and positive geotaxis. After about 1 wk, bioconvection (i.e. pattern-forming motions caused by hydrodynamic instabilities in suspensions of swimming microalgae) became an important part of the migration pattern during the day. Dense surface patches of cells were formed after 1-2 h in the light, followed by fast-sinking (5 m h-1) plumes/droplets extending down to the halocline. This motion pattern lasted for the rest of the light period, being repeated for several light cycles. Despite nitrate limitation in the upper layer, P. reticulatum did not migrate down below the halocline where nutrients were sufficient

Helhetlig forvaltningsplan for Nordsjøen og Skagerrak. Vurdering av kunnskapsstatus og kunnskapsbehov

Rapporten gir en sammenstilling av kunnskapsstatus og kunnskapsbehov som er kommet fram i arbeidet med en helhetlig forvaltningsplan for Nordsjøen på nåværende tidspunkt. I første del av rapporten, gis det en kort beskrivelse av dagens kunnskapssituasjon og hvilke data som bør innhentes for å få et tilstrekkelig grunnlag for en forvaltningsplan for Nordsjøen. Påfølgende kapitler omhandler overvåkings-, forsknings- og kartleggingsbehov for de samme temaene som er beskrevet i første del av rapporten. Behovene oppsummeres i oversiktstabeller. Rapporten viser at det er behov for styrket overvåking innenfor alle temaer. Nye behov innbefatter i stor grad utvidelse av eksisterende i forhold til omfang og hyppighet. Rapporten peker også på overvåkingsbehov for temaer der det i dag ikke eksisterer overvåking i forvaltningsplanområdet. Eksempler er slike behov er overvåking av marin forsøpling, forurensning i sjøfugl og sjøpattedyr, effekter av havusuring, forekomst og effekter av introduserte arter og fremmede arter. Kartlegging er viktig for å dekke kunnskapsbehov og tilrettelegge for framtidig overvåking. I rapporten påpekes kartleggingsbehov i forhold til temaene plankton, bunnsamfunn, fisk, sjøpattedyr, sjøfugl, trygg sjømat, sårbare og truede arter, fremmede arter, forurensning og samfunn. Det er gjennomgående at det er mangelfull kunnskap om drivkreftene i økosystemet og om samvirket mellom artene og deres byttedyr, predatorer og konkurrenter. Det påpekes også at det er behov for mer kunnskap i forhold til effekter av ulike typer påvirkninger på arter og økosystem