The development of a community-based model for promotion of cervical cancer prevention for Yoruba women in Ibadan Nigeria

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD (Nursing)Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide. The global disparities in cervical cancer incidence and mortality between wealthy and poor countries are likely related to lack of prevention and detection efforts. There is an exponential increase in cervical cancer deaths in Ibadan. Literature suggests that the increase of cervical cancer deaths is most likely a result of a lack of awareness and knowledge of cervical cancer, lack of outreach programmes and the unavailability of prevention services at community level. Community-based interventions have been identified as being most suitable for the promotion of cervical cancer prevention among women of low socio-economic status, a group that forms the greater part of Nigeria's population. The aim of this research study was to develop a community-based model for preventing cervical cancer in Yoruba women in Ibadan, Nigeria. A multi-method research approach, using both quantitative and qualitative methodologies was used. This study was conducted in 3 phases. Phase 1 was a descriptive survey during which data was collected using a multistage technique to select 480 community members to explore their knowledge, practice, beliefs and attitudes towards cervical cancer. Data collection was by means of a semistructured interviewer administered questionnaire (community members), yielding a response rate of 95% (n= 452). Phase 2 was an exploratory, descriptive design during which data was collected from twenty (20) health workers and four (4) policy makers to explore the barriers to cervical cancer prevention services and ways to promote cervical cancer prevention services using semi-structured interview (health workers), and key informant interviews (policy makers). Quantitative data collected was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as Chi-square and correlation to test the significance of association between variables

Black Health in Canada: Protocol for a Scoping Review

BackgroundBlack Canadians experience poor health care, poor health outcomes, and a greater burden of health inequalities, much of which is rooted in the unequal distribution of social determinants of health. Despite Canada’s emphasis on social inclusion, Canada’s Black population faces substantial social inequities that affect their health and well-being. These disparities may specifically be attributed to racial discrimination, immigration status, precarious housing, underemployment, and increased poverty among Black Canadians. ObjectiveThis paper describes a protocol for a scoping review that aims to understand the range and nature of research conducted on the health of Black Canadians as well as the gaps in this literature. MethodsArksey and O'Malley’s methodological framework guided the conduct of the scoping review. We searched electronic databases (CINAHL, Embase, Global Health, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, Sociological Abstracts, and Web of Science) and grey literature sources for peer-reviewed articles and grey reports on the health of Black Canadians. Six reviewers independently screened the abstracts and full text of studies to determine eligibility for inclusion. According to the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematics Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines, the findings will be synthesized quantitatively and qualitatively through thematic analysis. ResultsTitle, abstract, and full-text screening concluded in October 2022. Data collection is in progress and is expected to be completed by April 2023. Data analysis and drafting of the manuscript will be done thereafter. Findings from the scoping review are expected to be provided for peer review in 2023. ConclusionsThis review will collect important data and evidence related to the health (mental, reproductive, and sexual; social determinants of health) of the Black population in Canada. The findings could help identify existing gaps in the health of Black individuals in Canada and inform future research paradigms. The findings will further inform the development of a knowledge hub on Black Canadians’ health. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)PRR1-10.2196/4221

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Black Communities in Canada

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in differential impacts on the Black communities in Canada and has unmasked existing race-related health inequities. The purpose of this study was to illuminate the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on Black people in Canada. Historically, social inequalities have determined the impacts of pandemics on the population, and in the case of the COVID-19 pandemic, disproportionate infections and mortalities have become evident among racialized communities in Canada. This qualitative descriptive study utilized an intersectionality framework. We invited Black stakeholders across Canada to participate in semi-structured interviews to deepen our knowledge of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on Black communities in Canada. A total of 30 interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using content analysis. Our findings fell into three categories: (1) increased vulnerability to COVID-19 disease, (2) mental impacts, and (3) addressing impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings show the underlying systemic inequities in Canada and systemic racism exacerbated health inequities among the Black communities and undermined interventions by public health agencies to curb the spread of COVID-19 and associated impacts on Black and other racialized communities. The paper concludes by identifying critical areas for future intervention in policy and practice

Adolescents' perception of career choice of nursing among selected secondary schools in Jos, Nigeria

The main purpose of this study was to examine the adolescents' perception and choice of nursing as a career in senior secondary schools, and to determine factors that may influence their choice and perception. The study was conducted in four selected schools in Jos metropolis. Each of these schools is unique in features. They include: two government secondary schools (urban and rural) and two private secondary schools (urban and rural). A total of 240 respondents were used for the study. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data collected were analyzed and presented in frequency tables, percentages, bar chart and chi-square. Findings indicate that 7.5% (n=18) of respondents chose nursing as a career, out of which 83.33% (n=15) were females, while 16.67% (n=3) were males. Interestingly, out of 46.25% of total respondents who would consider nursing as a career, 56.76% were females while 43.26% were males. There is no significant relationship between gender in considering nursing as a career choice; the ownership type of schools, and consideration of nursing as a career choice shows no significance (t=-2.098, critical value=1.658, df=118, p value=0.05.). There is equally no significant relationship between location, and consideration of nursing as a career choice

A scoping review on the operationalization of intersectional health research methods in studies related to the COVID-19 pandemic

Purpose The COVID-19 pandemic began in early 2020 and became a global health crisis with devastating impacts. This scoping review maps the key findings of research about the pandemic that has operationalized intersectional research methods around the world. It also tracks how these studies have engaged with methodological tenets of oppression, comparison, relationality, complexity, and deconstruction. Methods Our search resulted in 14,487 articles, 5164 of which were duplicates, and 9297 studies that did not meet the inclusion criteria were excluded. In total, 14 articles were included in this review. We used thematic analysis to analyse themes within this work and Misra et al. (2021) intersectional research framework to analyse the uptake of intersectional methods within such studies. Results The research related to the COVID-19 pandemic globally is paying attention to issues around the financial impacts of the pandemic, discrimination, gendered impacts, impacts of and on social ties, and implications for mental health. We also found strong uptake of centring research in the context of oppression, but less attention is being paid to comparison, relationality, complexity, and deconstruction. Conclusions Our findings show the importance of intersectional research within public health policy formation, as well as room for greater rigour in the use of intersectional methods

A scoping review on the operationalization of intersectional health research methods in studies related to the COVID-19 pandemic

Purpose: the COVID-19 pandemic began in early 2020 and became a global health crisis with devastating impacts. This scoping review maps the key findings of research about the pandemic that has operationalized intersectional research methods around the world. It also tracks how these studies have engaged with methodological tenets of oppression, comparison, relationality, complexity, and deconstruction.Methods: our search resulted in 14,487 articles, 5164 of which were duplicates, and 9297 studies that did not meet the inclusion criteria were excluded. In total, 14 articles were included in this review. We used thematic analysis to analyse themes within this work and Misra et al. (2021) intersectional research framework to analyse the uptake of intersectional methods within such studies.Results: the research related to the COVID-19 pandemic globally is paying attention to issues around the financial impacts of the pandemic, discrimination, gendered impacts, impacts of and on social ties, and implications for mental health. We also found strong uptake of centring research in the context of oppression, but less attention is being paid to comparison, relationality, complexity, and deconstruction.Conclusions: our findings show the importance of intersectional research within public health policy formation, as well as room for greater rigour in the use of intersectional methods