Effects of floor space area in battery cages on the bird weight and egg production of olympia black layers

The impact of varying floor space area in battery cages have been evaluated on the weight and egg production of olympia black laying birds. The experiment was carried out using battery cages with varying floor spaces area of 300 mm by 300 mm, 380 mm by 380 mm and 460 mm by 460 mm also stocked with 2 and 3 birds per cage cell. The experimental birds used were 45 Olympia black layers, which are seventeen weeks old and the experiment lasted for twelve weeks. The birds’ weights were measured while egg production was determined on weekly bases. Design expert software 6.0.8 version was used for experimental design and analysis of the experiment. The results obtained shows that Cage cells 380 mm × 380 mm with 2 birds gave the optimum weight of birds to be 1.46 kg and also gave the optimum egg production of 7 eggs per bird per week while cage cells (300 mm × 300 mm) with 3 birds gave the lowest productivity with egg production 4 eggs per bird per week. There was a significant effect of stocking density on the weight of bird and egg production at P ˂ 0.05. The study was able to established a template for the development of battery cage, which caters for maximum productivity and welfare of laying birds Keywords: Stocking density, battery cages and egg production. DOI: 10.7176/ISDE/10-7-05 Publication date: September 30th 201

Effects of Fish Feed Carbohydrate Sources on the Floatation and Water Stability of Fish Feed Pellets

Three feeds were formulated to carry out a study on the floatation test and water stability tests of fish pellets. The feeds were formulated using different sources of carbohydrate (Maize, Guinea corn and Wheat). After 30 minutes of exposure to water, Guinea corn maintained 90% of floating pellets while the other two sources had 80% floating pellets respectively. There were significant differences in the percentage number of pellets floating between 0 and 30 minutes (P<0.05). There were also significant differences in the water stability of the pellets, between 10 and 30 minutes. Wheat had the highest water stability of 87.8% while Maize had 75.4% water stability and Guinea corn had the lowest percentage of 71.6% but after 50 minutes Maize had the highest percentage of 61.8% and Guinea corn had the lowest percentage of 52.4%. Keywords: Carbohydrate sources, Floating ability and Water stability. DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/9-18-06 Publication date:September 30th 2019