Anomalous Seepage Flows and Piping in Oje-Owode earthdam: Granular filter-drain media as controlling measure

There was loss of water at Oje-Owode dam embankment through seepage. Evidence of some degrees of fracturing and seepage at the dam toe been reported. Previous results showed that the dam embankment was permeable and anomalous seepage occurred at the toe. This study, therefore attempted the application of locally sourced granular filters, precisely, stone dust from quarry, to model the control of seepage and piping at the toe of the dam embankment. Coarse soil samples were collected from quarry site as selected granular filters. Granite stones of sizes ½ - ¾ inch were selected as the drain samples. These were subjected to particle size analysis, compaction tests, specific gravity; and constant head permeability test. Numerical analyses were also carried out to generate flow lines, seepage rates and velocity vectors of the dam. The results of the simulated flow net showed a seepage value of 3.8066 x 10-8 m3/s per width, while total seepage at maximum phreatic level and at full length (896m) of dam axis was 3.4107 x 10-5 m3/s. This indicated loss of water from dam toe through seepage. The velocity vector contours showed flow directions and maximum velocity magnitude of 3.6 x 10-8m/s in the direction of decreasing heads. The modelled filter-drain installed at dam toe controlled the anomalous seepage water and prevented piping as though it were a horizontal drain. The flow lines were controlled at coordinate points (36.25m, 0.56m) and remained horizontal through the filter media, until it exited the dam at the toe at coordinate points (41.88m, 0.59m), which is relatively a save point for collection. The modelled filter-drain media installed at dam toe controlled the anomalous seepage water and prevented piping. Keywords: Oje- Owode dam, Piping, Granular Sand filter, Numerical analyses, Seepage

Effects of Detention Period and Sand-Based Surface Flow Constructed Wetland in Kitchen Wastewater Treatment using Phragmites Australis (Common Reed) as Macrophyte

A greenhouse laboratory-scale experiment was conducted at the Department of Civil Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH) Ogbomoso, Nigeria in May 2013 to demonstrate the performance of free water surface-flow sand- based constructed wetland, prepared with locally available plants, specifically common reed (Phragmites australis), as a viable low-cost efficient treatment option for domestic wastewater from kitchen. The nutrient removal and performance evaluation of the constructed wetland in treatment of kitchen wastewater was investigated. Treatment efficiency was evaluated during the 10-day retention period, and results indicated that the nutrients reduction corresponds to a longer retention time in wetland beds. There is a remarkable reduction in B.O.D (38.2-100%), hardness (100%), turbidity (55.2-77.2%), Nitrate (66.7-100%), zinc, ORP (45.0-79.1%), Sulphite (24-100%) sulphate (100%), TSS (55.2-82.3%) and little reduction in TDS (6.93-40%) and also there was increase in pH (31.7-45.6%), Magnessium (16.7-50%), Iron (50-75%), calcium ( 16.7-50%) The final effluent was found to be suitable for non-drinking purposes like crop irrigation, keeping aquatic animals and direct discharge into a receiving water body as the concentrations were well below allowable limits.The treatment system was found to be economical, as the cost of construction only was involved and maintenance cost very minimal. It was environmentally friendly as it was free from offensive odour and insect invasion. A pilot scale constructed wetland is recommended for further research works. Keywords: Constructed wetland, Kitchen wastewater, Nutrient removal, Retention period, Phragmites australi

Performance Evaluation of Sand-based Surface flow Constructed wetland in Domestic Wastewater Treatment using Typha Orientalis as Macrophyte

A laboratory-scale free water surface-flow constructed wetland was set up at the Department of Civil Engineering; Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH) Ogbomoso, Nigeria in May 2013 to demonstrate the performance of sand- based constructed wetland, using Typha Orientalis as a viable low-cost efficient treatment option for domestic wastewater from kitchen. The nutrient removal and performance evaluation of the constructed wetland in treatment of kitchen wastewater against retention period of ten days was investigated. During the 10-day retention period, the sand- based constructed wetland set up with Typha Orientalis had improved the wastewater quality significantly as it had reduced 94.9% of Turbidity, BOD5 by 79.0%, NO-3 by 66.7%, 87.9% of SO-4 , 70.24% of Cl-, Conductivity by 70.8% and Magnesium by 80.62%. The pH value and Dissolve Oxygen increased by 28.3% and 64.01% respectively and the initial offensive odour of the raw water was no more noticeable. The final effluent was found to be suitable for non-drinking purposes like crop irrigation and keeping aquatic animals. However, it was noted that a 7- day detention time was optimal for the treatment of domestic wastewater from kitchen. The treatment system was found to be economical, as the cost of construction only was involved and maintenance cost very minimal. It was environmentally friendly as it was free from offensive odour and insect invasion. The prototype scale is recommended for in-situ use, especially for wastewater from kitchen. Keywords: Constructed wetland, Domestic wastewater, Nutrient removal, Retention period, Typha Orientalis

Exact Solution of a Linear-Quadratic Inverse Eigenvalue Problem on a Certain Hamiltonian Symmetric Matrices 1, 2,

This paper investigate the exact solution of an inverse eigenvalue problem (IEP) on a certain Hamiltonian symmetric matrices namely singular symmetric matrices of rank 1 and non-singular symmetric matrices in the neighborhood of the first type of matrices via the Newton’s iterative method

MEAT QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF IMPROVED INDIGENOUS CHICKENS (FUNAAB-ALPHA) FED TURMERIC (Curcuma longa) OR CLOVE (Syzygium aromaticum) AS FEED ADDITIVES

The experiment was conducted to investigate meat quality of improved indigenous chickens (FUNAAB alpha) fed diet containing turmeric (Curcuma longa) and clove (Syzigium aromaticum) powders. One hundred and thirty-five (135) mixed sexed day-old improved indigenous FUNAAB alpha chicks were brooded collectively for two weeks, and assigned into three (3) treatment groups. Each treatment was replicated three times, consisting of fifteen (15) birds. Feed and water were provided ad-libitum through the duration of experiment. The control group was fed the basal diet at starter and  finisher phases (T1), while the other groups were fed clove (Syzygium aromaticum) powder at 3 g/kg (T2) and turmeric (Curcuma longa) (T3) powder at 4 g/kg respectively as additives.   Data obtained were subjected to a One – Way Analysis of Variance in a Completely Randomised Design. Muscle obtained after evisceration was subjected to quality analysis. Proximate composition of meat obtained from chickens fed the basal diet had the highest (p<0.05) moisture content value of 75.45% compared to other treatments. Water absorptive capacity and cook loss of meat obtained from chickens fed 4 g/kg dietary turmeric showed (p<0.05) values of 3% and 16.4% respectively. Meat sensory properties analysed revealed (p<0.05) score in groups fed 3g/kg and 4 g/kg clove and turmeric powders respectively, for tenderness (6.14) and overall acceptability (7.19). Meanwhile (p<0.05) lipoprotein profile was observed in group fed 4 g/kg turmeric powder. Inclusion, turmeric and clove had beneficial effects on FUNAAB Alpha. &nbsp

Households Demand Analysis For Processed Fruits In Abeokuta Metropolis of Ogun State, Nigeria

Abstract This study hypothesized that demand for for processed fruits is price inelastic i

Prevalence and predictors of HIV-related disability among people living with HIV in Nigeria

Background: People living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) live longer, but experience human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related comorbidities and disabilities that lower their quality of life. Understanding the prevalence, risk factors, and disability patterns is crucial for tailored interventions. Objectives: To explore the prevalence and predictors of HIV-related disability among PLWH in Nigeria. Method: This cross-sectional survey involved 385 PLWH, exploring demographic data, HIV history, recent symptoms, disability (measured by the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule–WHODAS 2.0). Descriptive statistics summarised the data, all variables were entered into univariate and multivariate regression models. IBM SPSS 25® was used for all analyses at a 95% confidence level. Results: The prevalence of disability among PLWH was 39.5%, the mean age was 42.2 ± 10.43 years, and 73% of the participants were females. Factors significantly associated with disability were marital status (p = 0.009) and level of education (p = 0.001). Conclusion: The study reveals a prevalence of disability (39.5%) among PLWH on antiretroviral therapy (ART), emphasising the need for tailored interventions considering socio-demographic factors. Continuous screening, risk identification, and effective management strategies are imperative, recognising disability as an indicator of health and quality of life. Clinical implications: With PLWH experiencing increased life expectancy, the study underscores the need for an informed patient-centred approach to care, recognising the specific challenges faced by PLWH in Nigeria and guiding the development of targeted interventions to enhance both functional outcomes and overall well-being

Entrepreneurship, ICT and SME Development in Nigeria: The Ye, Yan, Yanju Paradigm

This paper examines the role of ICT in the development of entrepreneurship and Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) in Nigeria. It considers the impact of ICT on the creation of budding infopreneurs sequel to the introduction of the Global System for Mobile (GSM) communication in the country. It was discovered that the introduction of GSM as a factor of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) opened up a vista of opportunities for youth empowerment and employment. Using exploratory methods, the study discovered that ICT has a major role to play in the development of start-up enterprises, most of which are novel creations in their own rights. These previously unheard of ventures created opportunities for addressing the yearnings for employment and job creation for the youth and they include such entrepreneurial ventures as the ubiquitous call centers and short-codes businesses. However, each new enterprise must transcend three local dimensional contexts to attain sustainability; ye, yan, yanju. Contexts parallelly aligned to enterprise conception, birth and persistence.   It was also discovered that limiting factors such as poor access to financial assistance and poor marketing skill and orientation constitute challenges which any budding entrepreneur need to tackle to achieve sustainability of the established venture. Keywords:             infopreneurs, intrapreneurs, call-center, GSM, Ye, Yan, Yanj

OPTIMIZATION PRINCIPLE AND ITS’ APPLICATION IN OPTIMIZINGLANDMARK UNIVERSITY BAKERY PRODUCTION USING LINEAR PROGRAMMING

This paper deals with the applications ofoptimization principle in optimizing profits of a production industry using linear programming to examine the production cost and determine its optimal profit. Linear programming is an operation research technique which is widely used in finding solutionsto managerial decision problems. However, many enterprises make more use of the trial-and-error method. As such, firms have been finding it difficult in allocating scarce resources in a manner that will ensure profit maximization and/or cost minimization.This paper makse use of secondary data collected from the records of the Landmark University Bakery on five types of bread produced in the firm which include Family loaf, sliced family bread, Chocolate loaf, medium size bread, small size bread. A problemof this nature was identified as a linear programming problem, formulated in Mathematical terms and solved using AMPL software. The solution obtained revealed that Landmark bakery unit should concentrate much more in production of 14,000 loaves of Family loaf and 10,571 loaves of Chocolate bread while others type should be less produced since their value is turning to zero in order to achieve a maximum monthly profit ofN1,860,000. From the analysis, it was observed that Family loaf and the Chocolate breadcontributed objectively to the profit. Hence, more of Family loaf and Chocolate bread are needed to be produced and sold in order to maximize the profi

Factorization in Phase-Space Finite Geometry and Weak Mutually Unbiased Bases

A phase-space factorization of lines in finite geometry G(m) with variables in Zm and its correspondence in finite Hilbert space H(m) for m a non-prime was discussed. Using the method of Good [15], lines in G(m) were factorized as products of lines G(mi) where mi is a prime divisor of m. A lattice was formed between the non trivial sublines of G(m) and lines of G(mi) and between a subspace of H(m) and bases of H(mi) and existence of a link between lines in phase space finite geometry and bases in Hilbert space of finite quantum systems was discussed