52 research outputs found

    Micro-relief distribution of major mosses in ice-free areas along the Soya Coast, the Syowa Station area, East Antarctica

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    Micro-relief distribution of five major mosses, Pottia heimii, Ceratodon purpureus, Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Grimmia lawiana and Bryum argenteum, in the ice-free areas along the Soya Coast, continental part of East Antarctica have been compared. Those five mosses showed three different types of micro-relief distribution, at three different types of sites: mounds, slopes and hollows. Pottia heimii and Ceratodon purpureus prevailed on mound sites mixed with cyanobacteria. In dryer mound environments cyanobacteria was supposed to play an important role in nitrogen fixation. Bryum pseudotriquetrum and Grimmia lawiana dominated on hollow sites covered with sand. A more moisture rich condition of the hollow may promote their abundance associated with their high photosynthetic ability at moist sites. Bryum argenteum showed a rather unclear micro-relief distribution pattern. It appeared chiefly on mounds, but on hollows also. Rich nutrient input by sea birds into its habitats may allow various site selection under environments favorable to distribution

    Structure and dynamics of the Ceratodon purpureus-Bryum pseudotriquetrum community in the Yukidori Valley, Langhovde, continental Antarctica

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    The structure and dynamics of the Ceratodon purpureus-Bryum pseudotriquetrum community along the Yukidori Valley, Langhovde near Syowa Station, continental Antarctica have been documented. This moss community showed a clear vegetation structure with a micro-relief distribution, consisting of three different sites; a mound, a slope and a hollow. On the hollow site a sand-covered Bryum pseudotriquetrum patch dominated. On the slope site a pure Ceratodon purpureus patch, a Bryum pseudotriquetrum patch, and a Ceratodon purpureus-Bryum pseudotriquetrum mixed patch abundantly occurred. On the mound site a cyanobacteria-mixed Ceratodon purpureus patch prevailed. The dynamics of this community was basically unclear. However, some change patterns were infered from the results. The sand-covered Bryum pseudotriquetrum patch and the cyanobacteria-mixed Ceratodon purpureus patch generally showed no clear change. It is also speculated that some of the patches of this community undergo cyclic changes. A suggested cyclic pattern is as follows; some of the sand-covered Bryum pseudotriquetrum patches turned on Ceratodon purpureus-Bryum pseudotriquetrum mixed patches, and finally those patches became a cyanobacteria-mixed Ceratodon purpureus patch. Some of them, on the other hand, degraded into sand-covered Bryum pseudotriquetrum patches, probably because of strong wind or water flow. However, more detailed studies will be needed to confirm these inferences

    Vegetation development on the glacier moraines in Oobloyah Valley, Ellesmere Island high arctic Canada

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    The process of the vegetation development on glacier moraines was surveyed in the lower stream area of Oobloyah Valley (80°50\u27N, 82°45\u27W), Ellesmere Island, high arctic Canada. Four glacier moraines, and an outwash plane with different establishment periods in the proglacial field of Arklio Glacier, were surveyed .The oldest moraine was estimated to have been established during the Full Glacial, ca. 25000-35000 years ago, and the youngest one during the Little Ice Age, ca. 250 years ago. The vegetation properties such as number of species per study plot, cover of vegetation, lichens and bryophytes showed constant increase the moraine age, suggesting directional vegetation development. Changes in the species composition were such that new species successively appeared during the establishment of the moraines without obvious replacement of the species. It was concluded that the manner of the vegetation development was directional-nonreplacement succession even under extreme high arctic environment, differing from the generally accepted view that under an extreme high arctic environment nondirectional-nonreplacement succession prevails. Vegetation physiognomy approached Cassiope tetragona-dominated dwarf shrub heath, which generally prevails in more southern regions than Ellesmere Island. The period required for the vegetation development in the study area was assumed to be quite long, probably at least ca. 20000 years

    ロシア極東沿海地方南部に分布するモンゴリナラ-ヤエガワカンバ林の構造,更新とヤエガワカンバの植生地理学的意義

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    Structure and regeneration dynamics of the Quercus mongolica-Betula davurica forest in the southern most Primorie, the Russian Far East were documented, and vegetation geographical significance of Betula davurica was discussed. Four stands with different developmental stages, from young small-sized stand to fairly mature stand, were surveyed. Quercus mongolica maintained the most dominance throughout four stands with continu-ous regeneration. Betula davurica maintained next most dominance throughout four stands, although the regen-eration of this species was rather discontinuous. It was concluded that B . davurica was one of the major climax species of the continental type of the deciduous broadleaved forest, contrasting with the generally accepted view that Betula trees are usually shade-intolerant pioneer species appearing in an earlier stage of forest succession and disappearing in the climax stage. Finally vegetation geographical importance of B . davurica was stressed in discussing the geographical comparison and the reconstruction of vegetation history of the deciduous broadleaved forests of Japan

    ロシア極東沿海地方に分布するオノオレカンバの微細立地分布

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    This paper documents micro-habitat distribution of the Betula schmidii trees in a deciduous broad-leaved forest dominated by Quercus mongolica, B. schmidii and Betula davurica in the southern-most Primorie, the Russian Far East, to clarify an ecological characteristic of the micro-habitat preference of the trees, which still remains uncertain. The paper surveys totally 107 stems of tall tree species in a forest of semi-matured stand, for the tree height, diameter at breast height, and their micro-habitats which represent in this paper a ground surface conditions: soil site or stony site. B. schmidii trees occur preferably on the stony sites rather than on the soil sites. Other major canopy trees such as Q. mongolica and B. davurica show no strong preferences for micro-habitat conditions within total trees surveyed. B. schmidii keeps canopy trees, despite it occurs on stony habitats. B. schmidii adopts one of the climax species with continuous regeneration in a stony stand, avoiding canopy competition with shade-tolerant species such as Q. mongolica. This overview contrasts with the generally accepted view that Betula trees are usually shade-intolerant pioneer species appearing in an earlier stage of forest succession and disappearing in the climax stage

    カムチャッカ半島中部ダリナヤープロスカヤ山の森林限界付近に分布する高山ツンドラ植生

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    [論文] Article

    北海道の植生垂直分布と極東ロシアの対応植生

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    The phytogeographical relationships of major plant communities in vertical distribution of Hokkaido to those in horizontal distribution of the Russian Far East were discussed. Six major plant communities appear vertically in Hokkaido. Each of them has its own phytogeographically corresponding plant communities in horizontal dis-tribution of the Russian Far East. The Quercus mongolica―Tilia japonica―Acer mono forest corresponds to the Q. mongolica―Betula davurica forest. The Abies sachalinensis―Q. mongolica forest corresponds to the Pinus ko-raiensis―deciduous―broadleaves mixed forest. The Picea jezoensis―A. sachalinensis forest is similar to the P. je-zoensis―Abies nephrolrepis forest. These three communities in the Russian Far East appear in the area under the maritime climate. The Betula ermanii forest in Hokkaido corresponded phytogeographically to the B. ermanii forest on the Kamchatka Peninsula under the oceanic climate. The Pinus pumila thickets correspond to the Larix gmelinii―P. pumila forest in the area with the continental climate. The wind exposed dwarf shrubs corre-spond to the treeless heaths in the Kuriles with the extremely oceanic climate. Apparent vertical arrangement of the plant communities on the upper part of the mountains of Hokkaido was inconsistent with the horizontal ar-rangement of the Russian Far East that consists of, from the continental to the extremely oceanic climate, the L. gmelinii―P. pumila forest, the B. ermanii forest, and the treeless heath community. The important characteris-tics of the vertical distribution of Hokkaido are that it has different horizontal plant communities in the Russian Far East in a same vertical series. The vertical distribution of Hokkaido presents the invaluable exhibition as a standing natural history museum

    河畔におけるタニガワハンノキ分布地の立地条件

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    本州中部山岳の森林限界付近に分布するダケカンバの樹高と胸高直径の関係

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    タニガワハンノキ群落の成立と衰退

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    [論文] Articl
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