Prepotentials of N=2 SU(2) Yang-Mills theories coupled with massive matter multiplets

We discuss N=2 SU(2) Yang-Mills gauge theories coupled with N_f (=2,3) massive hypermultiplets in the weak coupling limit. We determine the exact massive prepotentials and the monodromy matrices around the weak coupling limit. We also study that the double scaling limit of these massive theories and find that the massive N_f -1 theory can be obtained from the massive N_f theory. New formulae for the massive prepotentials and the monodromy matrices are proposed. In these formulae, N_f dependences are clarified.Comment: A version is published in J. Math. Phys. 38 (1997) 68

One-Instanton Prepotentials from WDVV equations in N=2 Supersymmetric SU(4) Yang-Mills Theory

Prepotentials in N=2 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories are known to obey non-linear partial differential equations called Witten-Dijkgraaf-Verlinde-Verlinde (WDVV) equations. In this paper, the prepotentials at one-instanton level in N=2 supersymmetric SU(4) Yang-Mills theory are studied from the standpoint of WDVV equations. Especially, it is shown that the one-instanton prepotentials are obtained from WDVV equations by assuming the perturbative prepotential and by using the scaling relation as a subsidiary condition but are determined without introducing Seiberg-Witten curve. In this way, various one-instanton prepotentials which satisfy both WDVV equations and scaling relation can be derived, but it turns out that among them there exist one-instanton prepotentials which coincide with the instanton calculus.Comment: revtex, 15 pages, accepted in J. Math. Phy

Differential Equations for Scaling Relation in N=2 Supersymmetric SU(2) Yang-Mills Theory Coupled with Massive Hypermultiplet

Differential equations for scaling relation of prepotential in N=2 supersymmetric SU(2) Yang-Mills theory coupled with massive matter hypermultiplet are proposed and are explicitly demonstrated in one flavour ($N_f =1$) theory. By applying Whitham dynamics, the first order derivative of the prepotential over the $T_0$ variable corresponding to the mass of the hypermultiplet, which has a line integral representation, is found to satisfy a differential equation. As the result, the closed form of this derivative can be obtained by solving this equation. In this way, the scaling relation of massive prepotential is established. Furthermore, as an application of another differential equation for the massive scaling relation, the massive prepotential in strong coupling region is derived.Comment: revte

Does downsizing take a toll on retained staff? An analysis of increased working hours during recessions using Japanese micro data

Using official household micro data from the Labour Force Survey, this paper examines the increase in the working hours of regular male employees in Japan under recession from the late 1990s to the early 2000s. The most important findings of this paper are that working hours tended to be longer among male regular employees of firms in which (1) there was major employment adjustment, (2) substantial increase in proportion of non-regular workers, and (3) wide variance in regular wages. The results suggest that the existence of a large amount of fixed duties that are necessary to maintain internal organization and transition from the traditional employment system are the main factors that explain the increase in the working hours during the recession in Japan.

Unstable pseudo-isotopies of spherical 3-manifolds

In our previous works, we constructed diffeomorphisms of compact 4-manifolds $X$ by surgeries on theta-graphs embedded in $X$. In this paper, we consider the case $X=M\times I$, where $M$ is a spherical 3-manifold. For some of such $X$, we compute lower bounds of the ranks of the abelian groups $\pi_0\mathrm{Diff}(X,\partial)$. We study the behavior of the elements constructed by theta-graph surgery under the suspension functor in stable pseudo-isotopy theory, and their triviality in the space of block diffeomorphisms.Comment: 17 pages. Added co-author. Revised acknowledgement

Long-Term Effects of a Recession at Labor Market Entry in Japan and the United States

This paper examines effects of entering the labor market during a recession on subsequent earnings and employment for Japanese and American men, using comparable household labor force surveys. Previous analyses focus on search theoretic and implicit-contract arguments, which have their strongest effects on more educated workers. The authors argue that, in a country like Japan which has a dual labor market, there is an additional mechanism that affects mainly less educated workers. Namely, these workers are more likely to be trapped in the secondary sector if they graduate during a recession. We find a persistent, strong negative effect on earnings for less educated Japanese men, in contrast to no long-term effect for less educated American men; also, a substantial part of the effect for less educated Japanese men is attributed to the decreased probability of regular employment. The effect for the more educated group is more or less similar in both countries

Optimization of the moment of inertia and the release conditions of a discus

AbstractThis paper describes the concurrent optimization of the design of a discus and the skill with which it is thrown. The objective function for optimization is the flight distance, where longer is better. Thirteen control variables are considered, twelve of which are concerned with the skill of the thrower. These determine the launch conditions, which are controlled by the thrower when he or she throws the discus. The final variable is concerned with the discus itself. This is the moment of inertia on its transverse axis. The optimization was carried out with the aid of a genetic algorithm, and the entire trend for each generation between the objective function and the control variables could be visualized with the aid of self organizing maps. It was found that the flight distance achieved with concurrent optimization was longer than that optimized for skill alone. In the case of the optimal flight, the angle of attack should always be less than the stalling angle

Duality cascade of softly broken supersymmetric theories

We study the duality cascade of softly broken supersymmetric theories. We investigate the renormalization group (RG) flow of SUSY breaking terms as well as supersymmetric couplings. It is found that the magnitudes of SUSY breaking terms are suppressed in most regimes of the RG flow through the duality cascade. At one stage of cascading, the gaugino mass of the strongly coupled sector and scalar masses converge to certain values, which are determined by the gauge coupling and the gaugino mass of the weakly coupled sector. At the next stage, the strongly and weakly coupled sectors are interchanged with each other. We also show the possibility that cascading would be terminated by the gauge symmetry breaking, which is induced by the so-called B-term.Comment: 25 pages, 5 figure

Water transport model during CAPD: Determination of parameters

Water transport model during CAPD: Determination of parameters. To minimize the total amount of glucose required for removing the same volume of water as a bolus, a continuous infusion of glucose during CAPD was proposed and studied. Both a computer simulation of water transport through the peritoneal membrane and in vivo assessment with rats were carried out to evaluate the feasibility of the newly proposed mathematical model in which lymphatic drainage of dialysate from the peritoneal cavity to lymphatic system was considered in addition to conventional water transport. Mass transport area coefficients (KA) of 0.041 to 0.063 ml/min/100 g body wt and 0.045 to 0.066 ml/min/100 g body wt were measured for glucose and urea during CAPD with male Wistar rats. Hydraulic conductivity of peritoneal membrane (Lc) was 7.9 × 10-5 to 1.5 × 10-4 ml/min/mm Hg/100 g body wt, which was calculated by a linear relationship between volume and osmotic pressure. Simulated water transport model using determined parameters indicated that the ratio of lymphatic transport to convective transport would be changeable in CAPD with glucose infusion at varying infusion rates, while up to 16% of the glucose uptake could be reduced compared with that of the common CAPD at the same dwell time