Kajian Optimalisasi Rancangan Teknis Penambangan Emas di PT. Gorontalo Minerals Blok I Kompleks Sungai Mak Jobsite Motomboto North Kabupaten Bone Bolango Provinsi Gorontalo

PT. Gorontalo Minerals (GM) merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang pertambangan emas dengan sistem tambang terbuka (surface mining) dan metode open pit yang berada di Kabupaten Bone Bolango, Provinsi Gorontalo. Penelitian difokuskan pada kajian optimasi rancangan pit Motomboto North dengan menggunakan metode optimalisasi pit yang memiliki beberapa parameter yang digunakan yaitu: mining recovery, mining dilution, ongkos penambangan, biaya pengolahan, biaya pemurnian dan biaya modal awal penambangan. Berdasarkan sumberdaya pada Motomboto North semua diklasifikasi kedalam mineral terunjuk dan terukur yang berjumlah 5.636.500 ton. Berdasarkan hasil sumberdaya didapatkan estimasi cadangan dengan metode inverse distance weigthing diperoleh sebesar 3.910.000 ton. Dalam hal dilakukan optimasi pit pada Motomboto North. Optimasi pit adalah usaha untuk menentukan batas penambangan dengan perolehan komoditas tambang dengan volume yang optimal. Setelah dilakukan optimasi pada Motomboto North jumlah cadangan sebesar 3.717.772 ton. Pada Motomboto North didapatkan target produksi pertahun berdasarkan rumus Taylor Formula sebesar 413.000 ton/tahun, dengan kadar batas yang diambil pada Motomboto North yaitu 0,5 g/t. Dalam penelitian ini mendapatkan tiga opsi optimasi pit. Ketiga opsi tersebut dipilih berdasarkan nilai yang besar dan stripping rasio yang kecil yaitu: net present value sebesar $11.322.368 dengan stripping rasio sebesar 1:13. Alat bongkar muat untuk overburden menggunakan Komatsu PC 400 dan untuk bijih menggunakan Komatsu PC 200, sedangakan Alat angkut untuk overburden menggunakan Artificial Dump Truck Komastu HM 300 dan untuk bijih menggunakan Dump Truck Hino Dutro 130 HD

STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS IKAN KARANG PADA TEKNOLOGI ATRAKTOR MULTIFUNGSI DI PERAIRAN KAHYAPU, ENGGANO, BENGKULU

Multifunctional attractor technology is a technology of enriching fish resource stock in a water. This research aims to calculate and analyze the structure of coral fish communities associated in the waters of Kahyapu Village, Enggano Island, Bengkulu. The research was conducted in March-April 2020. The data was collected using Underwater Visual Census (UVC) techniques and underwater camera using SCUBA equipment. The method used in this study was a survey method. The relationship between reef fish abudance and immersiontime in multifunction attractor technology was analyzed by simple linier regression. It found 1.041 individuals from 43 species of 15 coral fish families associated with, consisting of 13 target fish species, 5 species of indicator fish, and 25 species of major fish groups. The composition of the species was found species with highest number of individuals from Dascyllus trimaculatus of 11,82%. Abundance of coral fish (X) amounts to 1,19 individuals/m3. The value of the diversity index was (H’) 3,25. The evenness index (E) value was 0,863. Meanwhile, the dominant index value (C) was in the range of 0,0019-0,2363. The value of the three indexes are high diversity and evenness but no fish dominates. The result of a simple linear regression analysis was Y=1,3639x+130,89 (R2=0,0807, r=0,284, F=0,439, and Ftable=6,61). Water parameters at the research location are very suitable for the life of coral biota.Teknologi Atraktor Multifungsi (TAM) merupakan teknologi pengkayaan stok sumberdaya ikan pada suatu perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghitung dan menganalisis struktur komunitas ikan karang yang berasosiasi dengan TAM di Perairan Desa Kahyapu, Pulau Enggano, Bengkulu. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Maret-April 2020. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survei. Data dihimpun dengan menggunakan teknik Underwater Visual Census (UVC) dan kamera bawah air menggunakan peralatan SCUBA. Hubungan kelimpahan ikan karang dan lama penenggelaman TAM dianalisis dengan regresi linier sederhana. Ditemukan 1.041 individu dari 43 spesies dalam 15 famili ikan karang yang berasosiasi dengan TAM, terdiri dari 13 spesies ikan target, 5 spesies ikan indikator, dan 25 spesies kelompok ikan mayor. Komposisi Jenis (KJ) ditemukan spesies dengan jumlah individu terbanyak dari Dascyllus trimaculatus yaitu 11,82%. Kelimpahan ikan karang (X) sebesar 1,19 individu/m3. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman (H’) 3,25. Nilai indeks keseragaman (E) 0,863. Nilai indeks dominansi (C) kisaran 0,0019-0,2363. Dari nilai ketiga indeks menunjukkan keanekaragaman dan keseragaman yang tinggi tetapi tidak ada spesies ikan yang mendominasi. Hasil analisis regresi linier sederhana yaitu Y=1,3639x+130,89, R2=0,0807, r=0,284, Fhitung=0,349, dan Ftabel=6,61. Parameter perairan pada lokasi penelitian sangat cocok dengan kehidupan biota karang

Using the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance Framework in the Evaluation of Community-Based Adolescent Care Pilot Program

Posyandu Remaja (Posmaja) is a community-based adolescent care service in Indonesia that comprises a group of adolescents working as volunteers and healthcare workers under the guidance and responsibility of the Public Health Centre and City Health Office. The study aims to provide a formative evaluation program of Posmaja using the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework. This research used a qualitative approach and took place in South Tangerang City, Indonesia. The data were collected from July until December 2018. Nineteen people participated in the study. The study used in-depth interviews and focus group discussions that adopted the RE-AIM framework for data collection. Content analysis was used to analyze the collected data. The majority of Posmaja’s participants were male adolescents aged around 15 years old. Common themes generated were “adolescent empowerment,” “increasing health knowledge,” and “monitoring health and nutrition” as a result of doing the pilot program. Volunteers and healthcare workers recognized the benefits of Posmaja and thus encouraged the adoption of the program. This awareness, followed by the city Health Office’s willingness to fund and adopt the program, was viewed as highly necessary for the program’s continuation

Yellow mosaic Disease on Soybean

Yellow mosaic Disease on Soybean   Epidemic of yellow mosaic disease had occurred in yard long bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis) in Java in 2008. However, this disease has never been reported in other areas in Indonesia. Observations on soybean plants in Cirebon (West Java), Bantul (DI Yogyakarta), and Musi Banyuasin (South Sumatra) showed systemic symptoms of yellow mosaic on leaves with vein banding. Plant samples showing yellow mosaic symptoms were taken for virus detection using PCR (polymerase chain reaction). The amplification results with specific MYMIV primers showed 1000 bp DNA bands. The results of analysis nucleotide sequence homology showed MYMIV Cirebon has a high homology (98.6-99.2 %) with MYMIV from Tegal, Subang, Klaten, Magelang, Brebes, and Bogor. This confirmed that the yellow mosaic symptom leaf samples from Bantul, Musi Banyuasin, and Cirebon were positively infected with MYMIV. Phylogenetic analysis shows that the Cirebon MYMIV isolates formed a group with all MYMIV sequences in Indonesia and Oman, and separated from MYMIV groups from other countries namely Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan and India. MYMIV Cirebon isolate was registered in GenBank with accession number LC481009. MYMIV has been reported in soybean in Java (2013). This finding is the first report of MYMIV infection in soybeans in South Sumatera.Ledakan penyakit mosaik kuning yang disebabkan oleh Mungbean yellow mosaic India Begomovirus (MYMIV) terjadi pada tanaman kacang panjang (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis) di Jawa pada 2008. Namun penyakit ini belum dilaporkan di daerah lainnya di Indonesia. Tanaman kedelai di Cirebon, Jawa Barat, Bantul, DI Yogyakarta, dan Musi Banyuasin Sumatera Selatan menunjukkan gejala sistemik berupa mosaik kuning pada daun dengan tulang daun lebih gelap (vein banding) dan diduga terinfeksi MYMIV. Deteksi dan identifikasi virus dilakukan dengan metode polimerase chain reaction (PCR) dengan menggunakan primer spesifik MYMIV. Hasil amplifikasi menghasilkan pita DNA berukuran 1000 pb. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa tanaman kedelai yang bergejala mosaik kuning dari Cirebon, Bantul, Musi Banyuasin, dan positif terinfeksi MYMIV. Hasil analisis homologi sikuen nukleotida tanaman kedelai yang terinfeksi  MYMIV asal Cirebon mempunyai homologi yang tinggi (98.6-99.2 %) dengan MYMIV dari Tegal, Subang, Klaten, Magelang, Brebes, dan Bogor yang menginfeksi tanaman kacang panjang. Analisis filogenetik menunjukkan bahwa isolat MYMIV Cirebon berada satu kelompok dengan semua sikuen MYMIV di Indonesia dan Oman, namun terpisah dengan kelompok MYMIV dari  Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan dan India. Sikuen isolat MYMIV Cirebon telah didaftarkan ke GenBank dengan nomor aksesi LC481009. Sebelumnya MYMIV dilaporkan pada kedelai di Jawa tahun 2013. Temuan ini merupakan laporan pertama infeksi MYMIV pada kedelai di luar Jawa (Musi Banyuasin, Sumatera Selatan)

Kisaran Inang Cowpea mild mottle virus dan Respons Varietas Kedelai

Cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV) is one of important virus which infects soybean and become an endemic disease since the first time reported in Java and Sumatra. Research was conducted to study the host range of CPMMV and to evaluate response of new type soybean varieties to CPMMV specific isolate.  Host range study of CPMMV CR16 isolate was conducted by sap transmission method to 11 species of indicator plants, whereas evaluation of soybean response involved 10 varieties.  The resistance response of soybean variety was based on incubation period, and of either  the disease incidence or severity. Virus infection on test plants were confirmed by dot immunobinding assay (DIBA) using specific CPMMV antisera. The CPMMV CR16 isolate was able to infect systemically 8 plant species belongs to Leguminoceae, and Solancaeae; while the virus caused local infection on Amaranthaceae. All plant species infected systemically proved to become sources of inoculum for CPMMV when they used in back inoculation to soybean.  Response of soybean varieties to CPMMV CR16 isolate can be categorized into susceptible (Detam 1, Detam 2, Detam 3, Anjasmoro, Wilis), moderated (Detam 4, Malika, Dena 1) and resistant (Argomulyo and Grobogan)

Significance of Chronic Diseases and Smoking Behavior in the Development of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Among Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in Indonesia

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is one of the main causes of high mortality among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. This study aimed at determining the association between presence of chronic diseases and smoking behaviors with the development of ARDS among hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Indonesia. This study was carried outin 15 Muhammadiyah-‘Aisyiyah–affiliated COVID-19 referral hospitals in Indonesia. Four hundred ninety participants who tested positive for the COVID-19 were recruited in this study. Demographic data, history of chronic diseases, and the development of ARDS were retrieved from hospital patient records. Information about the smoking behavior was collected after respondents were discharged from the hospital. Presence of chronic diseases such as diabetes, chronic heart disease, hypertension, and chronic liver diseases were significantly associated with the development of ARDS. In a similar regard, patients who currently smoked had a 5 times greater risk of developing ARDS compared with those who never smoked