Keefektifan Limbah Tanaman Brassicaceae Untuk Pengendali Nematoda Puru Akar (Meloidogyne Spp.) Pada Mikroplot Di Lapangan

Effectivenes of Brassicaceae plant wastes to control the root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) at a field microplot scale. Meloidogyne spp. is a soil borne pathogen that infects plant roots and causes root galls. Root knot nematodes can reduce crop production by 15 to 95%, so that the control measures are needed. One of the control methods is using plants as biofumigant. Plants of the family Brassicaceae were reported contain glucosinolate (GSL). During decomposition, GSL is hydrolized to isothiocyanates (ITS) which is a highly toxic compound to soil organisms, including nematodes. The research objective was to determine the effectiveness of five Brassicaceous plant wastes, namely cabbage (B. oleracea var capitata), radish (Raphanus sativus), broccoli (B. oleracea var italica), chinese cabbage (B. chinensis) and pakcoy (B. rapa var parachinensis) to suppress root knot nematodes (RKN). The experiment was conducted on microplot scale in the field. The experimental design used was a 4x5 factorial CRD. The first factors are waste of Brassica and the second factors are the amount of Brassica wastes per microplot. The experiments were made in 6 replications. Application of 5 Brassica plant wastes at all doses tested effectively reduced the number of root knot by 45.65% to 94.43% and increased the average number of tomato fruits. Tomato plants grew better at microplots when treated with chinese cabbage and pakcoy wastes

Pendugaan Beberapa Parameter Dinamika Populasi Ikan Layang (Decapterus Macrosoma, Bleeker 1841) Di Perairan Teluk Bone, Sulawesi Selatan

His research was conducted in November to December 2012 which aimed to estimate thepopulation dynamic of mackerel fish through their age-group, growth, mortality, and yield perrecruitment. Samples were taken from the waters of sub district of Panyula, in the district of EastTanete Riatang, in Bone Region. Age-group was measured using Bhattacharya method with thehelp of Fish Stock Assessment Tools II (FISAT II) software. Growth and natural mortality weremeasured by applying the equations of Von Bertalanffy and Empiris Pauly (respectively). Whereastotal mortality as well as yield per recruitment were estimated by applying Beverton and Holdequation; and catch mortality was estimated by applying the equation of Z=F+M. Results showedthe average total length of 849 mackarel fish that was 121-295 mm. They were divided into 4groups with 306.35 mm asymptotic length, 0,33 growth rate coefficient and theoritical age of 0.0294year. Natural mortality rate, total and catch mortality, and exploitation rate were 0.3672per year; 2,4358 per year, 2,0687 per year and 0.8493 (respectively). This indicated that an overcatch had occurred due to the higher catch mortality compared to the natural mortality as well asthe yield per recruitment, i.e. 0.0865 gram/recruitment

Nisbah Kelamin Dan Ukuran Pertama Kali Matang Gonad Ikan Layang Deles (Decapterusmacrosoma Bleeker, 1841) Di Perairan Teluk Bone, Sulawesi Selatan

This research was conducted to investigate the sex ratio and the first gonadal maturity size of mackerel fish(Decapterus macrosomas Bleeker 1841). Samples were taken from June to October 2013 in the sub-district ofPanyula, District of East Riattang, in Bone region. Sample analysis was conducted at the Fisheries biologylaboratory, Department of Fisheries, Hasanuddin University, Makassar. Sex ratio was analyzed by using chiquadrat-testwhereas the first gonadal maturity size was obtained from the first size of the third-gonadal-maturitystage. There were 782 fish collected with male to female ratio 1,02:1,00. Statistically, the sex ratio from Bone waterswas 1:1, in other words, it is still in a balance condition. The male fish reached gonadal maturity stage at the size of195 mm, whereas the female at 210 mm

Beberapa Aspek Reproduksi Ikan Layang Deles (Decapterus Macrosoma BLEEKER, 1841) Yang Tertangkap Dengan Bagan Perahu Di Perairan Kabupaten Barru, Sulawesi Selatan

Ikan layang merupakan salah satu komoditas ekonomis penting di Sulawesi Selatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui beberapa aspek biologi reproduksi ikan layang meliputi nisbah kelamin, Indeks Kematangan Gonad (IKG), Tingkat Kematangan Gonad (TKG), ukuran pertama kali matang gonad dan fekunditas ikan layang deles yang tertangkap menggunakan bagan perahu di perairan Kabupaten Barru. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada bulan Juni hingga Oktober 2013 di Kelurahan Sumpang Binangae yang merupakan fishing-base nelayan penangkap ikan layang deles. Analisis sampel dilakukan di Laboratorium Biologi Perikanan, Jurusan Perikanan, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar. Nisbah kelamin dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-kuadrat, TKG ditentukan secara morfologi, IKG dihitung menggunakan metode perhitungan (Johnson, 1971), ukuran pertama kali matang gonad diperoleh dari ukuran pertama pada TKG III dan fekunditas menggunakan metode gravimetric. Ikan layang deles yang diperoleh selama penelitian sebanyak 213 ekor, dengan nisbah kelamin jantan : betina adalah 2,33 : 1,00. Secara statistik, nisbah kelamin ikan jantan dan betina bukan 1 : 1 atau dalam keadaan tidak seimbang (α = 0,05 ; X2 hitung = 59,6082; X2 tabel = 9.488; db = 4). Ikan layang deles pada perairan Barru diperoleh TKG I sampai V dengan IKG 0.0503– 4.4667 % untuk ikan jantan dan 0.2501 – 7.6677 % untuk ikan betina. Persentase ikan layang deles matang gonad tertinggi ditemukan pada bulan Juli dan September, baik untuk ikan jantan maupun ikan betina, sementara pada bulan Oktober ikan yang tertangkap didominasi ikan yang belum matang gonad. Ikan layang deles jantan matang gonad pada ukuran 142 mm dan betina pada ukuran 128 mm dengan fekunditas berkisar antara 1.512 - 34.875 butir

Penyuluhan Bahaya Penyalahgunaan Napza Bagi Pelajar dan Remaja

Penyalahgunaan NAPZA (Narkotika, Psikotropika, dan Zat-zat Adiktif) merupakan suatu pola perilaku yang bersifat patologik, dan biasanya dilakukan oleh individu yang mempunyai kepribadian rentan atau mempunyai resiko tinggi, dan jika dilakukan dalam jangka waktu tertentu akan menimbulkan gangguan bio-psiko-sosial-spiritual. NAPZA bersifat psikotropika dan psikoaktif yang mempunyai pengaruh terhadap sistem syaraf dan biasanya digunakan sebagai analgetika (pengurang rasa sakit) dan memberikan pengaruh pada aktifitas mental dan perilaku serta digunakan sebagai terapi gangguan psikiatrik pada dunia kedokteran. Secara farmakologik, yang termasuk NAPZA antara lain ganja, morfin, sabu, ekstasi, marijuana, putau, kokain, pil koplo, dan sebagainya. Obat-obatan ini termasuk dalam daftar obat G yang artinya dalam penggunaannya harus disertai dengan kontrol dosis yang sangat ketat oleh dokter. Pelajar (siswi) adalah istilah bagi peserta didik pada jenjang pendidikan menengah pertama dan menengah atas. Siswa adalah komponen dalam sistem pendidikan, yang selanjutnya menjalani proses pendidikan, sehingga menjadi manusia yang berkualitas sesuai dengan tujuan pendidikan nasional. Penyuluhan ini menempatkan pelajar sebagai suatu komponen ditinjau dari pendekatan sosial, dan psikologis

Stimulation of insulin secretion by 5-methylcoumarins and its sulfur analogues isolated from Clutia lanceolata Forssk

Clutia lanceolata Forssk. (C. lanceolata) is a medicinal plant native to sub-Saharan Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Phytochemical investigation of the aerial parts of C. lanceolata yielded twenty-one coumarins including methylthio and methylsulfinyl-coumarins. Thirteen of these compounds are reported here for the first time, named as cluteolin A to M. The remaining eight compounds are known but have not been associated previously with C. lanceolata. The structures of the undescribed compounds were elucidated from their 2D NMR and MS spectra. Single crystal X-ray analyses confirmed the structures of eleven compounds. As, in Saudi Arabian tradition, C. lanceolata has been reported to have anti-diabetic and anti-fungal properties, the coumarins were examined for their biological activity. Seven compounds strongly enhanced the glucose-triggered release of insulin by murine pancreatic islets, with two compounds showing more than two-fold enhancement of insulin secretion, compared with the standard drug glimepiride.</p

New flavonoids from the Saudi Arabian plant:Retama raetam which stimulates secretion of insulin and inhibits α-glucosidase

Retama raetam is a bush which is a member of the family Fabaceae. It is used traditionally in North Africa and Saudi Arabia for the treatment of diabetes. Several flavonoids and alkaloids are already known from this plant. Chromatographic fractionation and purification led to the isolation of three new derivatives of prenylated flavones, retamasin C-E, and four new derivatives of prenylated isoflavones, retamasin F-I, in addition to two isoflavones which have not been previously reported in this plant. Particularly interesting structures included isoflavones containing 3,5-dihydro-2H-2,5-methanobenzo[e][1,4]dioxepine and 3a,8b-dihydro-7-hydroxyfuro[3,2-b]benzo[2,1-d]furan units, both of which are new amongst natural product flavonoids. Five new examples (two flavones and three isoflavones) strongly enhanced the glucose-triggered release of insulin by murine pancreatic islets and one isoflavone was a potent inhibitor of α-glucosidase. This study may rationalise the traditional medicinal use of R. raetam and provide new leads for drug design in the treatment of diabetes.</p

Stimulation of insulin secretion by 5-methylcoumarins and its sulfur analogues isolated from Clutia lanceolata Forssk

Clutia lanceolata Forssk. (C. lanceolata) is a medicinal plant native to sub-Saharan Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Phytochemical investigation of the aerial parts of C. lanceolata yielded twenty-one coumarins including methylthio and methylsulfinyl-coumarins. Thirteen of these compounds are reported here for the first time, named as cluteolin A to M. The remaining eight compounds are known but have not been associated previously with C. lanceolata. The structures of the undescribed compounds were elucidated from their 2D NMR and MS spectra. Single crystal X-ray analyses confirmed the structures of eleven compounds. As, in Saudi Arabian tradition, C. lanceolata has been reported to have anti-diabetic and anti-fungal properties, the coumarins were examined for their biological activity. Seven compounds strongly enhanced the glucose-triggered release of insulin by murine pancreatic islets, with two compounds showing more than two-fold enhancement of insulin secretion, compared with the standard drug glimepiride

The correlation between radiative surface defect states and high color rendering index from ZnO nanotubes

Combined surface, structural and opto-electrical investigations are drawn from the chemically fashioned ZnO nanotubes and its heterostructure with p-GaN film. A strong correlation has been found between the formation of radiative surface defect states in the nanotubes and the pure cool white light possessing averaged eight color rendering index value of 96 with appropriate color temperature. Highly important deep-red color index value has been realized > 95 which has the capability to render and reproduce natural and vivid colors accurately. Diverse types of deep defect states and their relative contribution to the corresponding wavelengths in the broad emission band is suggested