Funkcje narzędzi wykorzystywanych w polityce przestrzennej

The aim of the article is to determine the functions of spatial policy instruments and to determine the aspects in which a spatial policy instrument could be used. Analyses pertain to especially local plans of spatial management. The most important function is the protection of spatial order. Besides, spatial policy instruments could have other functions, connected with the environment, social policy or antique protection

Environmental Protection in Strategic Instruments of Spatial Policy in Poland

Ensuring environmental protection requires the use of various instruments, including spatial policy ones. Appropriate integration of environmental issues in spatial policy is still a major challenge. The aim of this article is to determine the direction of optimal environmental protection in strategic tools of spatial policy. The article indicates optimal expectations for spatial policy instruments, from an environmental perspective. Then, it verifies the extent to which these expectations are, or can be, included in the current system. The research part verifies studies of conditions and directions of the spatial development of voivode cities, in terms of using key elements from an environmental perspective. The analyses and research show that, especially in strategic instruments at the local level, consideration should be given to determining the importance of protected areas in shaping the environment, indicating potential solutions to environmental threats, and the social context of environmental protection. However, attempts at such activities are undertaken, largely, to a very limited extent

Local spatial management in gminas

Zarządzanie przestrzenią może być rozpatrywane na różne sposoby, tym niemniej ważną jego częścią jest zarządzanie przestrzenią gminy, które może być również określane szerzej jako zarządzanie przestrzenią na szczeblu lokalnym. Wiąże się ono z licznymi uwarunkowaniami, które w znaczącym stopniu wpływają na możliwości podejmowania konkretnych czynności w tym zakresie. Cele artykułu to: ustalenie miejsca zarządzania przestrzenią gminy w ogólnym systemie zarządzania gminą oraz relacji pomiędzy kluczowymi pojęciami związanymi z zarządzaniem przestrzenią.Spatial management can be viewed in various ways, but municipal spatial management is among its crucial aspects. It can be more broadly defined as local spatial management. There are a number of considerations that have a significant influence on the possibility of specific actions in this field. The purposes of the present paper are as follows: to determine the place of spatial management of municipality in the general management system of gminas, to determine the relationship between the key concepts associated with spatial management and the development of a spatial management system model of municipality, with particular emphasis on the use of direct spatial management [email protected] Maciej J. Nowak – Wydział Ekonomiczny, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecini

Kierunki naukowej debaty nad systemem planowania przestrzennego w latach 1970–1989

The paper analyses key theses expressed in the academic discussion on the spatial planning system in the period of the People’s Republic of Poland. Three periods were distinguished, within which publications were selected that referred most extensively to issues related to the spatial planning system, including the legal context of spatial planning. The focus was to the greatest extent on publications issued by the Bulletins and Studies of the Committee for National Spatial Planning of the Polish Academy of Sciences. It was proposed to extract the most relevant opinions, from the perspective of today’s discussion (but also a synthetic look at the changes in the spatial planning system in Poland). The indicated scientific theses were referred to contemporary times, and an attempt was made to answer the question to what extent and in what way they have remained up-to-date, and whether they can constitute a broader point of reference for contemporary analyses. Significant values of the discussions carried out during the distinguished period of time included: attempts to define the legal role of spatial development plans, recognition of the inefficiency of selected public administration bodies responsible for spatial planning, as well as definition and classification of the role of spatial conflicts in the spatial planning system, also translated into a discussion of legal solutions. It should be recognized that, especially in the framework of the issues identified above, the literature analyzed can and should still be an important point of reference, broadening the scope of the discussion.W artykule przeanalizowano kluczowe tezy wyrażone w dyskusji naukowej dotyczącej systemu planowania przestrzennego w czasach PRL. Wyodrębniono trzy okresy, w ramach których wybrano publikacje w najszerszym stopniu odnoszące się do spraw związanych z systemem planowania przestrzennego, w tym prawnym kontekstem tego planowania. W największym zakresie skupiono się na publikacjach wydanych w Biuletynach i Studiach Komitetu Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania Kraju Polskiej Akademii Nauk. Zaproponowano wyodrębnienie najbardziej istotnych opinii, z perspektywy dzisiejszej dyskusji (ale również syntetycznego spojrzenia na zmiany systemu planowania przestrzennego w Polsce). Wskazane tezy naukowe odniesiono do współczesnych, podejmując próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie, w jakim zakresie i w jaki sposób zachowały aktualność oraz czy mogą stanowić szerszy punkt odniesienia dla współczesnych analiz. Badanie potwierdza więc pewną powtarzalność części problemów systemu planowania przestrzennego. Do istotnych wartości w wyodrębnionych okresach dyskusji zaliczono: próby zdefiniowania prawnej roli planów zagospodarowania przestrzennego, dostrzeganie braku efektywności wybranych organów administracji publicznej odpowiedzialnych za planowanie przestrzenne, a także określenie i klasyfikację roli konfliktów przestrzennych w systemie planowania przestrzennego, z przełożeniem na dyskusję na temat rozwiązań prawnych. Należy uznać, że zwłaszcza w ramach wyodrębnionych powyżej zagadnień analizowana literatura wciąż może i powinna stanowić istotny punkt odniesienia, poszerzający zakres prowadzonej dyskusji

Spatial Planning Response to the Challenges of Climate Change Adaptation: An Analysis of Selected Instruments and Good Practices in Europe

The task of combining objectives, spatial planning instruments, and climate change adaptation targets is a complex endeavour that varies across countries. There is a call for a universal discussion on how spatial planning should respond to climate change challenges. To address this issue, this article delves into the approaches taken by Greece, Spain, Portugal, and Poland, aiming to explore how spatial planning instruments support climate change adaptation goals. The authors, based on a jointly extracted questionnaire, identified what they consider to be the most relevant examples of instruments to use to ensure the integration of spatial planning objectives and the response to climate challenges. The identified solutions are compared in detail. Three key spatial planning themes emerged in this study: investment in renewable energy, the development and preservation of green infrastructure, and the protection of coastal zones. This article examines the systemic solutions found in these countries, discusses the role of both classical and sectoral spatial planning instruments, and identifies the level of public authority responsible for key interventions. It shows that instruments developed at the supra-local level should support local authorities by providing them with legal and substantive arguments for developing solutions relevant to climate challenges.This work was funded by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT; Portugal) through the strategic projects UIDB/04292/2020 and UIDP/04292/2020 granted to Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), and the project LA/P/0069/2020 granted to Associate Laboratory Aquatic Research Network (ARNET)

Kierunki polityki przestrzennej miast w Polsce a pandemia SARS-CoV-2. Perspektywa medyczna i przestrzenna

Celem artykułu jest wskazanie, w jaki sposób pandemia SARS-CoV-2 może determinować kluczowe kierunki polityki przestrzennej miast w Polsce. Przeanalizowano: wytyczne związane z medycznym punktem widzenia (w zakresie priorytetów polityki zdrowotnej) oraz główne tezy międzynarodowej dyskusji naukowej na temat zmian miejskich polityk przestrzennych. Na podstawie powyższej analizy, a także wskazanych aktualnych rozwiązań planistycznych w Polsce zostały opracowane rekomendacje dotyczące kierunkowych zagadnień polityki przestrzennej miast. W artykule określono, w jakim zakresie w polskich realiach jest możliwa realizacja poszczególnych postulatów. Opracowane w taki sposób rekomendacje zachowają wymiar uniwersalny - możliwy do odniesienia do większości dokumentów rozwojowych i przestrzennych polskich miast (w szczególności strategii rozwoju oraz studiów uwarunkowań i kierunków zagospodarowania przestrzennego). Istotnym wkładem autorów artykułu będzie również próba interdyscyplinarnego ujęcia perspektywy medycznej i urbanistycznej oraz przełożenie jej na konkretne postulaty

Positive Identification of UV-Generated, Non-Hydrogen-Bonded Isomers of o-Hydroxybenzaldehyde and o-Hydroxyacetophenone

Non-hydrogen-bonded isomers were photogenerated by UV (λ > 335 nm) irradiation of o-hydroxybenzaldehyde (salicylaldehyde) and o-hydroxyacetophenone monomers isolated in low-temperature Ar matrixes. These photoisomerizations were found to be photoreversible. Upon shorter wavelength (λ > 235 nm or λ > 270 nm) UV irradiation, the initial forms of the compounds (with intramolecular hydrogen bonds) were partially repopulated. The structures of the photogenerated non-hydrogen-bonded isomers of both compounds were positively identified by comparison of their IR spectra with the spectra theoretically calculated [at the DFT(B3LYP)/6-311++G(2d,p) level] for all possible non-hydrogen-bonded isomers of the studied compounds. The experimental IR spectra of the photoproducts generated from o-hydroxybenzaldehyde and o-hydroxyacetophenone are very well reproduced only by the theoretical spectra predicted for the isomers with both OH and formyl (or acetyl) groups rotated by 180°, with respect to the initial, most stable hydrogen-bonded conformer. Excellent agreement between experiment and theoretical prediction provides a basis for a very reliable identification of the photoproduced isomers of o-hydroxybenzaldehyde and o-hydroxyacetophenone

Modelling and optimisation of the operation of a radiant warmer

This paper presents numerical calculations of the temperature field obtained for the case of a neonate placed under a radiant warmer. The results of the simulations show a very non-uniform temperature distribution on the skin of the neonate, which may cause increased evaporation leading to severe dehydration. For this reason, we propose some modifications on the geometry and operation of the radiant warmer, in order to make the temperature distribution more uniform and prevent the high temperature gradients observed on the surface of the neonate. It is concluded that placing a high conductivity blanket over the neonate and introducing additional screens along the side of the mattress, thus recovering the radiation heat escaping through the side boundaries, helped providing more uniform temperature fields.The European Union for the Marie Curie Fellowship grant awarded to the Centre for CFD, University of Leeds

Signal from noise retrieval from one and two-point Green's function - comparison

We compare two methods of eigen-inference from large sets of data, based on the analysis of one-point and two-point Green's functions, respectively. Our analysis points at the superiority of eigen-inference based on one-point Green's function. First, the applied by us method based on Pad?e approximants is orders of magnitude faster comparing to the eigen-inference based on uctuations (two-point Green's functions). Second, we have identified the source of potential instability of the two-point Green's function method, as arising from the spurious zero and negative modes of the estimator for a variance operator of the certain multidimensional Gaussian distribution, inherent for the two-point Green's function eigen-inference method. Third, we have presented the cases of eigen-inference based on negative spectral moments, for strictly positive spectra. Finally, we have compared the cases of eigen-inference of real-valued and complex-valued correlated Wishart distributions, reinforcing our conclusions on an advantage of the one-point Green's function method.Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures, 3 table