Study of humic acids in various types and kinds of peats at Khantymansi autonomous area - Ygra by NMR 13C spectroscopy

This article presents the results of humic acid studies in peat resources of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area -Yugra by NMR 13C spectroscopy. Their differences were revealed in the distribution of carbon atoms along structuralfragments which allowed to diagnose the peculiarities of the drug molecular structure, depending on the botanicalcomposition of the original peat and its degree of decomposition. It was found that humic acids of various peats haveminor differences in the content of Cal. and Carom. The resulting spectroscopic information was used for an in-depthanalysis of the features concerning peat humic acid structure of various origin

Application of calibrated vehicle dynamic indicators in city traffic management

The number of registered vehicles in the Russian Federation is increasing every year, and the traffic flows of cities consist mainly of cars. The car fleet of the Russian Federation has undergone significant changes in recent decades. In particular, passenger vehicles, their power and design parameters are improving every year. These changes affect the system and the process of movement of cars in the traffic flow. This article defines the parameters that affect the functioning of urban traffic flows and, in a mathematical way, on their basis, found dynamic indicators for a conditional “calibrated” car

The formation of highly dispersed zinc oxide powder during combustion of zinc nitrate with glycine mixture and its application for photocatalytic phenol decomposition

The paper presents the results of a detailed study of the process and products of combustion during self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) of ZnO zinc oxide powder from mixtures of such common reagents as oxidizer zinc nitrate and reducing agent (fuel) glycine, as well as the application of synthesized highly dispersed submicron and nanosized ZnO powder for the phenol photocatalytic decomposition under the action of ultraviolet irradiation. An aqueous solution of a mixture of reagents (the SHS-S process or Solution Combustion Synthesis – SCS) and the gel from a mixture of initial dry reagents formed when they were moistened due to hygroscopicity (the SHS-G process or Gel Combustion Synthesis – GCS) were combusted. The authors studied the phase and chemical compositions, the structure of the combustion product, and the effect of calcination in an oxidizing air medium and grinding in drum ball and planetary-centrifugal mills, as well as in mortar, on them and their photocatalythic activity. The study showed that calcination considerably increases the photocatalytic activity of combustion products due to a significant decrease in carbon impurity in the unburned fuel remains, and grinding in mills reduces the photocatalytic activity due to iron contamination and coarsening of ZnO particle agglomerates. The difference between the photocatalytic activity of the SHS-G and SHS-S products in the phenol decomposition is evident only at the initial stage of ultraviolet irradiation, after which this difference disappears. The authors discuss the direction of further research to increase significantly the photocatalytic activity of zinc oxide synthesized during combustion to use it effectively for the phenol decomposition under the action of visible light

Peculiarities of Mental Space in Modern Linguistics

The article considers the principles of intellectualism and anthropocentrism, correlating to the classical approaches of G.W.F. Hegel, W. Humboldt, I. Kant, Plato, A. Potebnja, G. Shpet and developed by M. Mamardashvili, N. Chomsky. Mental space is characterized by a specific systematicity for which some dominant areas, mental spheres, mental phrasemes verbalized at lexical, semantic and structural levels are essential. The author’s bilingual consciousness is capable of forming grammatically correct structures including a feedback to an initial intention and assessing of an obtained result by its content while respecting the scientific traditions of the theory of denoting. Such mental space usually systemically artistically reveals both differences between the world of language and the world of soul, the world of consciousness and their unity. It is noted that a bilingual consciousness operates a special set of syntactical structures (elliptical sentences) enabling the recipient to conjecture some information; thus, this cognitive process is a creative and positive one, moulding a personality. Relevant stereotypes are also characterized by a special interrelation between verbalization and semantization, which acquire a language form through etiquette formulas, various stable cognitive combinations and proverbs. The bilingual consciousness creates a fragment of reality in a special way in the mental space, reflecting the specific national verbal and non-verbal behaviour of a certain ethnos and specific standards of the creation and perception of speech forms adopted in a certain culture. In this connection, a bilingual consciousness can be regarded as a way of reflecting the linguistic consciousness of an author, which is national in the ways of its expression. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n5s2p16

ТОЛКОВАНИЕ ПОНЯТИЯ, ИМЕНУЕМОГО «ЗАДАЧА ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЯ ЗНАНИЙ»

In this article the definition of the term «the problem of representation of knowledge» isformed, which orients towards creation the technology, allowing to transfer practice of the solution of this problem by the developerof each concrete system, based on knowledge, from realization heuristics to realizationof results of theoretical researches. Also the authors point out the directions of improvement of the basic theory for this technology.В статье сформировано толкование понятия «задача представления знаний», ориентированное на создание технологии, позволяющей перевести практику решения этой задачи разработчиком каждой конкретной системы, основанной на знаниях, из реализации эвристик в ракурс реализации результатов теоретических исследований. А так же указаны направлениясовершенствованиябазовой теории для этой технологии

Chiral photonic super-crystals based on helical van der Waals homostructures

Chirality is probably the most mysterious among all symmetry transformations. Very readily broken in biological systems, it is practically absent in naturally occurring inorganic materials and is very challenging to create artificially. Chiral optical wavefronts are often used for the identification, control and discrimination of left- and right-handed biological and other molecules. Thus, it is crucially important to create materials capable of chiral interaction with light, which would allow one to assign arbitrary chiral properties to a light field. In this paper, we utilized van der Waals technology to assemble helical homostructures with chiral properties (e. g. circular dichroism). Because of the large range of van der Waals materials available such helical homostructures can be assigned with very flexible optical properties. We demonstrate our approach by creating helical homostructures based on multilayer As$_2$S$_3$, which offers the most pronounced chiral properties even in thin structures due to its strong biaxial optically anisotropy. Our work showcases that the chirality of an electromagnetic system may emerge at an intermediate level between the molecular and the mesoscopic one due to the tailored arrangement of non-chiral layers of van der Waals crystals and without additional patterning

Exploring van der Waals materials with high anisotropy: geometrical and optical approaches

The emergence of van der Waals (vdW) materials resulted in the discovery of their giant optical, mechanical, and electronic anisotropic properties, immediately enabling countless novel phenomena and applications. Such success inspired an intensive search for the highest possible anisotropic properties among vdW materials. Furthermore, the identification of the most promising among the huge family of vdW materials is a challenging quest requiring innovative approaches. Here, we suggest an easy-to-use method for such a survey based on the crystallographic geometrical perspective of vdW materials followed by their optical characterization. Using our approach, we found As2S3 as a highly anisotropic vdW material. It demonstrates rare giant in-plane optical anisotropy, high refractive index and transparency in the visible range, overcoming the century-long record set by rutile. Given these benefits, As2S3 opens a pathway towards next-generation nanophotonics as demonstrated by an ultrathin true zero-order quarter-waveplate that combines classical and the Fabry-Perot optical phase accumulations. Hence, our approach provides an effective and easy-to-use method to find vdW materials with the utmost anisotropic properties.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figure

Features of creating wear-resistant anti-corrosion coatings with a barrier layer on fragments of fuel claddings from E110 o.ch.

Results of the development of protective chromium-containing coatings based on the FeCrNi and CrNi systems for fuel claddings within framework of the accident tolerant fuel (ATF) are presented in this paper. Coatings were deposited by the outer surface of cladding tubes fragments from E110 o.ch. alloy (sponge-based Zr-1%Nb) up to 500 mm length by complex ion-plasma treatment on ILUR-03 and KVK-10 installations. The results of the control tests carried out in high-temperature steam at the GAZPAR bench at 1200 °C up to 400 s showed that Cr-FeCrNi-Cr and Cr-CrNi-Cr coatings reduce total oxygen penetration into the alloy from 144 to 98 and 55 ?m, respectively and Cr-CrNi-Cr coatings with a Mo barrier layer completely block the diffusion of oxygen into the material