Characterization Of Phosphoric Acid Biochar Derived From Rubber Wood Sawdust For Enhancement Of Urea Fertilizer Impregnation

This paper examines the physiochemical properties of phosphoric acid treated biochar for improvement of urea fertilizer impregnation process. The biochar was heated with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) of 1.5 M (TB1) and 1 M (TB2) concentrations at 80 and 90°C temperature respectively. The treated biochar then were impregnated with 2 wt. % of dissolved urea fertilizer while continuously stirred until the mixture recrystallize to form solid urea impregnated biochar fertilizer (TB1-U and TB2-U). TB1 revealed highest composition of C (66.36%), H (6.53%) and N (1.65%) compared to TB2 composition of C (61.84%), H (4.60%) and N (1.06%). FT-IR results indicated the presence of C-O stretch functional group at 1200 cm−1 to 900cm−1 wavelength and the presence of aromatic ring (C=O) stretching vibration at 1590cm−1-1550cm-1 wavelength revealed chemical reaction occurred due to phosphoric acid treatment. The microporosity results display more micropores formation on the sample surfaces, thus provide higher surface area possible for urea molecule to be impregnated. SEM-EDX exposed qualitatively and quantitatively the presence of 43% N on TB1-U surfaces compared with slightly lower at 42wt% of N on TB2-U surface evidenced the effectiveness of phosphoric acid treatment on enhancement of the biochar specific surface area to be impregnated with urea for nutrient retained

Development of arm-based application system

The aim of this paper is to expose the development process and software involved in realizing an ARM-based application system. The application system consists of a cruise algorithm inten dcd to be used in an autonomous robot prototype, which is developed with the help of Flowcode software that utilizes flowcharts as its design entry. The flowchart is then configured to be tested for real-world application over £-blocks board integrated with an ARM-based microcontroller chip from Atmel, AT91SAM7S128. It is hoped that the development process shared in this paper may be benefitted for researchers who wishes to start developing an ARM-based system for further study or other purpose in one way or another

Implementing the Controller Area Network (CAN) Protocol for Multiplex System

Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol can be implemented in networking a system by the application of PIC18F458 microcontroller and MCP2551 transceiver. For successful transmission, design specification concerning the CAN node identifier assignment, message reception pattern and time synchronizatio must be determined accordingly. The CAN network developed in this article performs a simple application of transmitting a one-byte data through a three-node network. This eye-opener CAN system realization may act as a platform for researchers who are interested in the application of CAN protocol in networking a multiplex system. The work can also be used for analyzing purposes concerning the CAN usage in domestic embedded system application networking

'Cruise-and-Collect' algorithm for an ARM-based autonomous robot

The 'cruise-and-collect' algorithm proposes in this research is intended to be applied for autonomous robot system. The robot is designed to be used in a sport such as table-tennis, to help the players collect the off-side ball during a game. The controller for the robot system will utilize ARM-based microcontroller chip from Atmel, AT91SAM7S128, as it is the classic ARM7TDMI processor that had marked a great success of ARM processor market. The algorithm is developed via Flowcode software which exploits flowchart as its design entry. The E-block board that has an integrated microcontroller chip is used for the purpose of its hardware prototype and software testing. It is hoped that the development and design process exposed in this research will be benefitted for researchers who are interested in the area of prototype development and robot design, especially via the ARM7TDMI processor platform

Development of an ARM-based Application System

The aim of this paper is to expose the development process and software involved in realizing an ARM-based application system. The application system consists of a cruise algorithm intended to be used in an autonomous robot prototype, which is developed with the help of Flowcode software that utilizes flowcharts as its design entry. The flowchart is then configured to be tested for real-world application over E-blocks board integrated with an ARM-based microcontroller chip from Atmel, AT91SAM7S128. It is hoped that the development process shared in this paper may be benefitted for researchers who wishes to start developing an ARM-based system for further study or other purpose in one way or another

Micromachining Process for Fiber Optic Pressure Sensor's

Fiber optic interferometry pressure sensor is an excellent diaphragm-base measurement system