Reka bentuk ‘sulam’ di UKM: perkongsian pengalaman dua projek rintis

Istilah ‘SULAM’ merujuk kepada ‘Service Learning Malaysia – University for Society’ dan merupakan inisiatif di bawah Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia 2015-2025 (Pendidikan Tinggi). SULAM diterapkan di dalam kursus berkredit dan dilaksanakan melalui pembelajaran berasaskan pengalaman melibatkan pelajar, pensyarah dan komuniti yang dipilih dengan keperluan tertentu. Kertas ini membincangkan dua projek SULAM di UKM dari segi reka bentuk dan pelaksanaannya. Projek pertama dinamakan Penjagaan Kesihatan Komprehensif (CHC) dan melibatkan pensyarah dan pelajar Fakulti Perubatan dan Pusat Pengajian Citra Universiti. Projek ini dijalankan bersama komuniti di Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras. Projek kedua pula dinamakan Asli-Pimpin dan melibatkan pelajar serta pensyarah Pusat Pengajian Citra Universiti, Fakulti Ekonomi dan Pentadbiran, Fakulti Pengajian Islam, Fakulti Pendidikan dan Fakulti Undang-undang. Projek ini dijalankan bersama komuniti Orang Asli di Kampung Sungai Buah, Dengkil, Selangor. Pada akhir kertas turut dibincangkan cabaran yang dihadapi dan langkah yang diambil dalam menjalankan SULAM semasa waktu pandemik dan endemik Covid-19

Seven years analysis of postpartum death in Selangor, Malaysia: a lesson learnt

Information on determinants of postpartum death enhances understanding of the fundamental causes of mortality. Studies on postpartum death in Malaysia are limited despite increasing trends of postpartum mortality. This study aimed to ascertain the determinants of postpartum death in Selangor, Malaysia. A case control was conducted using data from the Maternal Death Registry, Selangor State Health Department, Malaysia. A total of 144 postpartum death cases were included for analysis after the removal of fortuitous and unknown death. Controls were mothers who survived six weeks after childbirth and were selected via simple random sampling. The odds of postpartum death among multiparous was almost two times higher (aOR; 1.76 95% CI 1.10,2.82). The presence of pre-existing medical or surgical problems were associated with a three-folds increase in the odds of postpartum death (aOR 3.23; 95% CI 1.91,5.47). The odds of postpartum death were ten times higher for those who gave birth in non-health facilities (aOR 10.62; 95% CI 2.64,42.74). Women who underwent caesarean section had almost three times more odds (aOR 2.50; 95% CI 1.60,3.91) for death. Women who received antenatal care in government health facilities had low odds (aOR 0.34; 95% CI 0.19,0.60) for postpartum death. The determinants showed significant association with postpartum death in Selangor, Malaysia which included the presence of pre-existing medical or surgical illness, place of birth, mode of birth, place of antenatal care and Malaysian ethnicity-citizenship. In the future, health programmes should not only aim to reduce postpartum deaths by emphasising maternal education and empowerment, but should also enhance pre-pregnancy care, provide continual obstetric emergency skill training to healthcare providers, collaborate with several agencies and underwrite migrants’ maternal healthcare fees

Efficacy of Albendazole Against Soil-transmitted Helminthiasis among Children in Asia: Systematic Review

BACKGROUND: TheWorld health organization reported that 875 million children worldwide require antihelminth preventive chemotherapy annually. Vast majority of STH infections (67%) and YLDs (68%) occurred in Asia.METHODS: A systematic search was performed for relevant titles, abstract, and keywords from Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Scopus around October 2018 based on the PICO strategy. Out of 173 papers that were evaluated, final assessment for eligibility had yielded a total of five papers to be included for analysis covering period from 2013 to 2018.RESULTS: Of the five selected studies, three were randomized controlled trial, one was cohort and another one was described more like a quasi-experimental trial. All infection intensity showed improvement post-intervention. Four of the five studies used Kato Katz as diagnostic method with one combined it with Baermann techniques. One used McMaster egg counting method. All except one study tested albendazole efficacy in their study either alone or in combination with other chemotherapy such as diethyl carbazide or combining with education pamphlet. Egg reduction rate was reported as low as 63% and as high as 99.9%

Poor Peer Support as a Predictive Factor towards Depression among Adolescent

Kebelakangan ini, tanda-tanda kemurungan dalam kalangan remaja semakin meningkat. Kajian ini dijalankan untuk menentukan prevalens kemurungan dan faktor-faktor ramalan. Satu kajian keratan rentas telah dijalankan 191 remaja yang terpilih secara rawak dan terdiri daripada pelajar tingkatan empat dari lima buah sekolah menengah di negeri Selangor, Malaysia. Satu soal selidik yang terdiri daripada enam bahagian (A) demografi, (B) tahap kemurungan, (C) hubungan keluarga, (D) tahap sokongan rakan sebaya, (E) harga diri, dan (F) pencapaian akademik telah diedarkan. Prevalen kemurungan adalah 50.3%. Analisis regresi logistik mendapati, remaja yang mempunyai masalah dengan rakan-rakan adalah lebih cenderung untuk mengalami kemurungan berbanding dengan mereka yang tidak mempunyai masalah dengan rakan-rakan mereka (aOR 2.84, 95% CI 1.50, 5.36). Kajian selanjutnya perlu meneliti faktor-faktor lain seperti tekanan daripada guru-guru untuk mengukuhkan pemahaman kita mengenai kemurungan di kalangan remaja. Diharapkan hasil kajian ini berguna kepada pelbagai pihak yang mengambil berat tentang masalah ini

Amalan senaman dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya di kalangan penduduk Kg. Bangi, Daerah Hulu Langat Selangor D.E. Malaysia

Satu kajian keratan rentas telah dijalankan ke atas 285 orang penduduk yang berumur 18 tahun dan ke atas di Kg. Bangi Daerah Hulu langat, Selangor D.E. dari 6-12 Mac 2006. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk melihat prevalens senaman dan faktor yang mempunyai hubungan dengannya. Kaedah persampelan universal telah digunakan dan pengumpulan data melalui borang soalselidik berpandu. Alatan yang digunakan termasuk penimbang berat Seca dan sfigmomanometer yang telah di kalibrasi, stateskop dan pita pengukur ketinggian. Hasil kajian menunjukkan hanya 13.7% daripada responden yang di kaji di dalam kategori cukup bersenam mengikut definisi kajian. Antara faktor-faktor yang mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan dengan prevalens cukup bersenam adalah jantina (p=0.004), tahap pendidikan (p=0.02) dan status perkahwinan (p<0.0005). Manakala faktor bangsa dan kehadiran penyakit kronik tidak mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan. Bagi jumlah masa bekerja, masa tidur dan masa menonton televisyen didapati tidak mempunyai hubungan dengan jumlah masa senaman. Prevalens kurang bersenam masih tinggi di kalangan penduduk Kg. Bangi. Agensi berkaitan pada semua peringkat perlu mengambil langkah proaktif untuk menanam tabiat suka bersenam di kalangan penduduk dengan mengadakan program dan prasarana yang sesuai dan mencukupi.Pemantauan yang sistematik juga perlu bagi memastikan program dan minat penduduk dapat dikekalkan secara berterusan

Risk taking behaviour among urban and rural adolescents in two selected districts in Malaysia

Background: Risk taking behaviour refers to the tendency to engage in behaviours that have the potential to be harmful or dangerous, which has become a major concern and is rated as one of the public health issues that need special attention. The objective of the study was to compare the prevalence of risk taking behaviour and its associated factors among urban and rural adolescents.Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 306 adolescents by multistage sampling from two selected schools with involvement of their parents.Results: The prevalence of risk taking behaviours was 81.7% in the urban and 83.7% in the rural area ( p = 0.650). Parental background factors such as parent’s education level, marital status, health status, and income were unrelated with risk taking behaviour among adolescents. The multiple logistic regression test showed that being a male (AOR = 4.55, 95% CI = 2.28–9.07), inadequate number of bedrooms (AOR = 11.54, 95% CI = 1.48–89.75), and presence of family conflict (AOR = 3.64, 95% CI = 1.49–8.89) were the predictors among adolescents for risk taking behaviour in rural areas.Conclusion: The absence of a balanced healthy family and conducive environment would lead to a negative influence towards adolescent behaviour, which may affect both the individual and community

Removal of nickel from aqueous solution using supported zeolite-Y hollow fiber membranes

This work describes the development of supported zeolite-Y membranes, prepared using the hydrothermal method, for the removal of nickel from an aqueous solution. Alumina hollow fibers prepared using the phase inversion and sintering technique were used as an inert support. The supported zeolite-Y membranes were characterized using the field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the water permeation and rejection test. The performance of the supported zeolite-Y membranes for heavy metal removal using batch adsorption and filtration test was studied using the atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The adsorption study shows that the removal of nickel was pH-dependent but affected by the presence of α-alumina. The seeded zeolite-Y membrane gave the highest adsorption capacity which was 126.2 mg g−1. This enabled the membrane to remove 63% of nickel ions from the aqueous solution within 180 min of contact time. The adsorption mechanism of nickel onto the zeolite-Y membrane was best fitted to the Freundlich isotherm. The kinetic study concluded that the adsorption was best fitted to pseudo-second-order model with higher correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.9996). The filtration study proved that the zeolite-Y membrane enabled to reduce the concentration of heavy metal at parts per billion level