Koštana pregradnja pomoću osteoklasta: što smo naučili iz ispitivanja knockout gena?

Osteopetroses are disorders of bone remodeling resulting in increased bone mass. Osteopetrosis abnormalities can include changes in osteoclast lineage, bone marrow microenvironment, or both. Little is known about the mechanisms that regulate the activity of different bone cell types. Various agents act on bone in a complicated web of interactions, with either synergistic or diverse effects. Advances in molecular biology have enabled studies in knockout or transgenic animals, providing an insight into the mechanism of bone remodeling.Osteopetroze su poremećaji pregradnje kostiju koji dovode do povećanja koštane mase. Osteopetrotične abnormalnosti mogu obuhvaćati promjene u staničnoj liniji osteoklasta, u mikrookolišu koštane srži ili oboje. Malo se zna o mehanizmima koji reguliraju aktivnost različitih vrsta koštanih stanica. Različiti čimbenici utječu na kost kroz čitav splet međusobnih aktivnosti sa sinergističnim ili raznovrsnim učincima. Napredak u molekularnoj biologiji omogućio je ispitivanja na knockout ili transgenskim životinjama, pružajući uvid u mehanizme koštane pregradnje

Diagnostic Delays for Non-melanoma Skin Cancers in Renal Transplant Recipients during the COVID-19 Pandemic: What is Hiding Behind the Mask?

The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020, and remains a global challenge. COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), transmitted primarily through respiratory droplets and aerosols. Even though the COVID-19 vaccine has become available since December 2020, the main preventive measures still include social distancing, hand washing, and the use of protective face masks

DELIRIJ NAKON AKUTNOG COVID-19 U BOLESNIKA S TRANSPLANTIRANIM BUBREGOM

Delirium can manifest as a neurological complication after COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients. To date, several reports have described delirium associated with SARS-COV-2 infection in older patients. Herein we present a case of a younger adult with a kidney transplant, who became disoriented, confused, and restless after acute COVID-19 and was admitted to the psychiatric ward for delirium management. He recovered and had a stable allograft function in follow-up.Delirij se može manifestirati kao neurološka komplikacija nakon COVID-19 kod imunokompromitiranih bolesnika. Do danas je u nekoliko istraživanja opisan delirij u starijih osoba nakon infekcije COVID-19. Prikazali smo mlađeg bolesnika s presatkom bubrega koji je nakon preboljene infekcije SARS-CoV-2 postao dezorijentiran, zbunjen, nemiran i agresivan te je primljen na psihijatrijski odjel zbog liječenja delirija. Stanje bolesnika se postupno popravilo, a funkcija presatka bubrega ostala je stabilna