Nevi in children (Part 1) epidermal nevi: Clinical picture, diagnosis, treatment

Nevi are congenital formations that appear on the skin from birth or in early childhood, are very common in healthy children and, as a rule, are harmless. The article deals with epidermal nevi formed from epidermal cells. Particular attention is paid to the syndromes of epidermal nevi, which are characterized by a combination of skin rashes with systemic manifestations. Correct diagnosis of different subtypes of nevi, their differential diagnosis with other pigment formations (including melanomas) and non-melanoma skin cancer, as well as the recognition of non-uniform syndromes will help to determine the pediatrician correct tactics of management of patients, further counseling and assess the prognosis of the disease. Early diagnosis using dermatoscopy and modern techniques based on artificial intelligence is most significant in children before the development of progressive symptoms or neurological disorders. In the detection of epidermal nevus syndromes, consultations of related specialists (neurologists, traumatologists, cardiologists, etc.) are recommended. © INRA and Springer-Verlag France 2015

Вопросы внедрения современных методов автоматизированной диагностики новообразований кожи в клиническую практику

Despite the existence of many algorithms for automated diagnosis of melanoma and other skin cancers, these remain almost inaccessible to public health service. A small number of publications on the efficacy of existing artificial intelligence systems marks the problems of their implementation into current examination routines in dermatology and oncology. New algorithms and software solutions as well as studies demonstrating their diagnostic accuracy on compatible and verifiable clinical material are still in demand.Несмотря на множество имеющихся и разрабатываемых алгоритмов автоматизированной диагностики меланомы и других злокачественных новообразований кожи, они остаются практически недоступными для широкой медицинской практики. Малое число публикаций об эффективности уже созданных систем искусственного интеллекта свидетельствует о проблемах их внедрения в клиническую практику и современную рутину обследования в дерматологии и онкологии. Востребованными остаются как новые алгоритмы и программные решения на их основе, так и работы, подтверждающие их точность на сопоставимом и проверяемом клиническом материале

Automated Remote Diagnosis of Dermatological Neoplasms

Minimum requirements for techniques of remote and automated diagnostics of skin neoplasms are formulated. For the first time, requests received by the Russian teledermatological service dermatology.ru are analyzed to determine promising directions for the development of techniques of computer analysis of skin neoplasm images. © 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature

Nevi in children: Organoid epidermal nevi: Clinical picture, diagnosis, treatment (Part 2)

Nevi are congenital formations that appear on the skin from birth or in early childhood, are very common in healthy children and, as a rule, are harmless. The article deals with epidermal nevi formed from epidermal cells and skin appendages (sebaceous and sweat glands, hair follicles). Particular attention is paid to the syndromes of epidermal nevi, which are characterized by a combination of skin rashes with systemic manifestations. Correct diagnosis of different subtypes of nevi, their differential diagnosis with other pigment formations (including melanomas) and non- melanoma skin cancer, as well as the recognition of non-uniform syndromes will help to determine the pediatrician correct tactics of management of patients, further counseling and assess the prognosis of the disease. Early diagnosis using dermatoscopy and modern techniques based on artificial intelligence is most significant in children before the development of progressive symptoms or neurological disorders. In the detection of epidermal nevus syndromes, consultations of related specialists (neurologists, traumatologists, cardiologists, etc.) are recommended. © 2020, Pediatria Ltd.. All rights reserved

Algorithm for the Analysis of Pigment Network Characteristics in Diagnosing Melanoma

Abstract: An algorithm for analyzing the characteristics of the pigment network of skin neoplasms is proposed. It is based on the assessment of the deviation coefficient of the average lengths of the pigment network segments in the local areas of the neoplasm from the average value of the lengths of the pigment network segments throughout the area of the neoplasm. The use of the algorithm makes it possible to distinguish the typical pigment network from an atypical one. An atypical pigment network is a core feature in identifying early melanoma. The algorithm can be used in automated systems to support medical decision-making in the diagnosis of skin neoplasms. © 2021, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Model for Detecting Globules in Images of Skin Neoplasms

Abstract: This article is devoted to the digital processing of images of skin neoplasms to detect significant structural elements in the diagnosis of melanoma–globules (clumps, lumps). A new processing model is proposed, which makes it possible to stably select globules in images of different contrasts without the need to manually adjust the parameters. The results of the experiment confirming the adequacy of the model are presented. The globule recognition accuracy ranged from 81 to 89%, depending on the contrast of the original images. The experimental sample of images contained 2868 globules. © 2022, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Меланоцитарный невус как предшественник меланомы: клинические случаи и обзор литературы

Most cases of malignant melanoma develop de novo; in a third of cases, however, a tumor may arise on the background of a pre-existing melanocytic nevus. Nevus associated melanomas have some epidemiological features: they develop at a younger age, are more often are located on the trunk and have a lower Breslow thickness. The available literature data and own authors’experience indicate the absence of the need for “prophylactic" removal of melanocytic nevi as possible precursors of a malignant tumor. One of the methods for the early diagnosis of melanoma can be the introduction of digital dermatoscopy using automated processing of dermatoscopic images with artificial intelligence. The article describes the clinical cases of nevus-associated melanomas; litreture review and discussion of this problem are presented.Большинство случаев меланомы кожи развиваются de novo, однако в трети случаев возможно формирование опухоли на фоне существовавшего ранее меланоцитарного невуса. Ассоциированные с невусом опухоли имеют некоторые эпидемиологические особенности: они развиваются в более молодом возрасте, чаще располагаются на коже туловища и отличаются меньшей толщиной по Бреслоу. Имеющиеся литературные данные и собственный опыт свидетельствуют об отсутствии необходимости «профилактического» удаления отдельных меланоцитарных невусов как возможных предшественников злокачественной опухоли. Одним из способов ранней диагностики меланомы кожи может стать внедрение цифровой дерматоскопии с использованием автоматизированной обработки дерматоскопических изображений при помощи искусственного интеллекта. В статье приводятся описание клинических случаев МК, возникших на фоне меланоцитарных невусов, обзор литературы и обсуждение данной проблемы

Characteristics of the Structural Elements of the “Lines” in the Melanoma Recognition System

Abstract In this study, the problem of early diagnosis of one of the most dangerous malignant neoplasms of the skin—melanoma—is considered. A model of distinguishing structural elements (lines) in digital images of skin neoplasms in oncodermatology has been developed. The model is based on a combination of Otsu binarization and adaptive binarization of the original digital dermatoscopic image of skin neoplasms and subsequent skeletonization and filtration of false fragments of the lines