Belgian beekeeping situation and the symptomatology as discriminatory tools

peer reviewedPrevention of honeybee COlony LOSSe

The State as Public Employer: The Organization and Conditions of Work and Health Outcomes

The last century featured enormous strides in establishing the link between work and well-being in contributing to persistent racial health inequalities in the U.S. Despite the impressive body of sociological literature that has been amassed on the role of work in contributing to disparities in racial well-being, however, as yet we know little about the structural origins of these inequalities or how the distribution of health across racial groups is linked to larger socioeconomic processes. Because the relationship between work and well-being has chiefly been studied by linking proximate job conditions to individual health outcomes, prevailing inquiries tend to neglect larger social forces setting those very mechanisms into play. The state - as public employer - has largely been overlooked despite the central role it plays in structuring those very proximate job conditions, which in turn bear on individual experience. This is particularly the case for African Americans, for whom state intervention has been a potent force in propelling their occupational advancement in the post war period. The central aim of this dissertation is to examine the relationship between the conditions of work and health disparities and to incorporate public employment and its organizational correlates into our vision of the process. Guided by promising leads offered by theory and research on the welfare state and labor markets, organizations and workplace inequality, and work and well-being, several pathways were identified linking sector of employment and jobs conditions to individual health. Drawing on survey data from the Aging, Stress, and Health (ASH) Study, preliminary evidence suggests that public employment plays an indirect role in enhancing individual health through fashioning the organizational context of the workplace. The structure of opportunities serves as a critical intervening link between sector and other job conditions, which in turn, bear on well-being. In sum, sector plays a role in affecting individual well-being by creating the concrete realities under which people work and the extent of their exposure and vulnerability to stressful conditions. While an indirect relationship between sector and health exists for all workers, however, the association was not found to be especially consequently for women and blacks

Positive and negative effects of two organic acids used in the control of the honey bee parasitic mite varroa destructor (Anderson) ( Acari: Varroidae).

peer reviewe

STUDENTS' PERCEPTION OF THE INFLUENCE OF INTONATION IN ENGLISH ON CONVEYING THE MEANING OF SPEECH IN COMMUNICATION

In communication, intonation plays an important role in conveying the meaning of a speech. In this article, we study students' perception of the influence of intonation in conveying the meaning of speech in communication to propose solutions to help students overcome intonation errors when communicating, as well as, help teachers have appropriate intonation teaching methods. Our data and analysis are based on research documents, surveys, and in-depth interviews with students. According to the study results, most students are well aware of the importance of intonation and of the factors affecting intonation, and they are also aware of the causes of intonation errors. However, students do not apply their knowledge of intonation to speech, they stop at the cognitive level. The study indicates that students often make intonation mistakes in Tag-question, Wh-question, and Imperative sentence in communication.  Article visualizations

An investigation of online teaching and lecturers' online teaching competence in Vietnam: A case study at universities of technology and education

The rapid digital transformation and the widespread influence of the COVID-19 pandemic have impacted higher education in Vietnam. This social setting fosters online teaching and lecturers’ online teaching competencies.  The aim of this study is to investigate online teaching competence at two universities of technology and education in Vietnam through a survey. Based on a review of the literature, an online teaching competence scale for lecturers was developed and its validity and reliability were evaluated using exploratory component analysis and Cronbach's alpha coefficients with data from 311 lecturers at two public universities of technology and education. The online teaching competency scale for lecturers consists of 25 items organized into five component competencies: “Understanding student learning”, “online session administration”, “digital content development and learning facilitation”, “technology” and “online learning outcomes assessment”. With the exception of “technology”, the remaining component competencies were identified as good. Not only online teaching modes but also online teaching activities and productions were also deployed to maintain learning activities especially during the COVID-19 pandemic at two universities. Recommendations for developing lecturers' online teaching competence were also considered

Presence of six bee viruses in Apis mellifera L. populations in Wallonia (Belgium)

Peer reviewe

Endogenous dynorphin protects against neurotoxin-elicited nigrostriatal dopaminergic neuron damage and motor deficits in mice

BACKGROUND: The striato-nigral projecting pathway contains the highest concentrations of dynorphin in the brain. The functional role of this opioid peptide in the regulation of mesencephalic dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons is not clear. We reported previously that exogenous dynorphin exerts potent neuroprotective effects against inflammation-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration in vitro. The present study was performed to investigate whether endogenous dynorphin has neuroprotective roles in vivo. METHODS: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and methamphetamine (MA), two commonly used neurotoxins in rodent models of Parkinson\u27s disease, were administered to wild-type (Dyn⁺/⁺) and prodynorphin-deficient mice (Dyn⁻/⁻). We examined dopaminergic neurotoxicity by using an automated video tracking system, HPLC, immunocytochemistry, and reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: Treatment with MPTP resulted in behavioral impairments in both strains. However, these impairments were more pronounced in Dyn-l- than in Dyn⁺/⁺. Dyn⁻/⁻ showed more severe MPTP-induced dopaminergic neuronal loss in the substantia nigra and striatum than Dyn⁺/⁺. Similarly, the levels of dopamine and its metabolites in the striatum were depleted to a greater extent in Dyn⁻/⁻ than in Dyn⁺/⁺. Additional mechanistic studies revealed that MPTP treatment caused a higher degree of microglial activation and M1 phenotype differentiation in Dyn⁻/⁻ than in Dyn⁺/⁺. Consistent with these observations, prodynorphin deficiency also exacerbated neurotoxic effects induced by MA, although this effect was less pronounced than that of MPTP. CONCLUSIONS: The in vivo results presented here extend our previous in vitro findings and further indicate that endogenous dynorphin plays a critical role in protecting dopaminergic neurons through its anti-inflammatory effects

Gastrodia Elata Bl Attenuates Methamphetamine-Induced Dopaminergic Toxicity Via Inhibiting Oxidative Burdens

It has been recognized that Gastrodia elata Bl (GE), an oriental herb medicine, ameliorates various neurological disorders, that GE modulates the monoaminergic and GABAergic systems, and that GE possess antioxidant activities. We examined whether GE affects methamphetamine (MA)-induced striatal dopaminergic toxicity in mice. Treatment with MA (7.5 mg/kg, i.p. × 4) resulted in significant decreases in behavioural activity (as shown by locomotor activity and rota rod performance), dopamine level, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity, and TH protein expression (as evaluated by immunocytochemistry and western blot analysis). In addition, MA treatment showed significant increases in lipid peroxidation [as evaluated by 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) expression and malondialdehyde formation], protein oxidation (as shown by protein carbonyl expression and its formation), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. Treatment with GE significantly attenuates MA-induced behavioural and dopaminergic impairments, and oxidative stresses in a dose-dependent manner. Our results suggest that GE treatment shows anti-dopaminergic effects in response to MA insult via, at least in part, inhibiting oxidative stresses in the striatum of the mice

Are We Ready to Embrace Generative AI for Software Q&A?

Stack Overflow, the world's largest software Q&A (SQA) website, is facing a significant traffic drop due to the emergence of generative AI techniques. ChatGPT is banned by Stack Overflow after only 6 days from its release. The main reason provided by the official Stack Overflow is that the answers generated by ChatGPT are of low quality. To verify this, we conduct a comparative evaluation of human-written and ChatGPT-generated answers. Our methodology employs both automatic comparison and a manual study. Our results suggest that human-written and ChatGPT-generated answers are semantically similar, however, human-written answers outperform ChatGPT-generated ones consistently across multiple aspects, specifically by 10% on the overall score. We release the data, analysis scripts, and detailed results at https://anonymous.4open.science/r/GAI4SQA-FD5C.Comment: Accepted by the New Ideas and Emerging Results (NIER) track at The IEEE/ACM Automated Software Engineering (ASE) Conferenc