Common mental disorders associated with tuberculosis: a matched case-control study.

INTRODUCTION: Despite the availability of treatment and a vaccine, tuberculosis continues to be a public health problem worldwide. Mental disorders might contribute to the burden of the disease. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the association between common mental disorders and tuberculosis. METHODS: A matched case-control study was conducted. The study population included symptomatic respiratory patients who attended three referral hospitals and six community clinics in the city of Salvador, Brazil. A doctor's diagnosis defined potential cases and controls. Cases were newly diagnosed tuberculosis cases, and controls were symptomatic respiratory patients for whom tuberculosis was excluded as a diagnosis by the attending physician. Cases and controls were ascertained in the same clinic. Data collection occurred between August 2008 and April 2010. The study instruments included a structured interview, a self-reporting questionnaire for the identification of common mental disorders, and a questionnaire for alcoholism. An univariate analysis included descriptive procedures (with chi-square statistics), and a multivariate analysis used conditional logistic regression. RESULTS: The mean age of the cases was 38 years, and 61% of the cases were males. After adjusting for potential confounders, the odds of tuberculosis were significantly higher in patients diagnosed with a common mental disorder (OR: 1.34; 95% CI 1.05-1.70). CONCLUSION: There appears to be a positive and independent association between common mental disorders and tuberculosis; further epidemiological studies are required to increase our understanding of the possible biological and social mechanisms responsible for this association. Independent of the direction of the association, this finding has implications for the provision of care for mental disorders and for tuberculosis

Técnicas de limpeza de vazamentos de petróleo em alto mar

The paper aims to show all the techniques involved in cleaning an oil spill at sea, from the exploration, transportation, distribution and storage, showing the effectiveness and usefulness of each specific method. The pollution of marine and coastal environments for petroleum products has environmentalists worried about the world being a matter of debate. The oil spill is committed human activities such as fishing and recreational use of the environment, causing economic damage. The risk of occurrence of an accident is never null and is therefore of great importance to understand the processes that surround these activities.O trabalho tem como objetivo mostrar todas as técnicas envolvidas na limpeza em um vazamento de petróleo em alto mar, proveniente das atividades de exploração, transporte, distribuição e armazenamento, mostrando a eficácia e a utilidade específica de cada um dos métodos. A poluição dos ambientes marinhos e costeiros por petroleo têm preocupado ambientalistas do mundo inteiro sendo alvo de inúmeros debates. O derramamento de petróleo compromete as atividades humanas como a pesca e o uso recreacional do ambiente, gerando danos econômicos. O risco da ocorrência de acidente nunca é nulo, sendo por isso de grande importância o conhecimento dos processos que cercam estas atividades

Recurrent water deficit causes epigenetic and hormonal changes in citrus plants

The present study evaluated the physiological, molecular and hormonal parameters from scion/rootstock interaction of citrus plants during recurrent water deficit. Responses of the Valencia (VO) scion variety grafted on two rootstocks with different soil water extraction capacities, Rangpur Lime (RL) and Sunki Maravilha (SM), during three successive periods of water deficit: plants exposed to a single episode of water deficit (WD1) and plants exposed to two (WD2) and three (WD3) recurrent periods of WD were compared. The combinations VO/RL and VO/SM presented polymorphic alterations of epigenetic marks and hormonal (i.e. abscisic acid, auxins and salicylicacid) profiles, which were particularly prominent when VO/SM plantswere exposed toWD3 treatment. Upon successive drought events, the VO/SM combination presented acclimatization characteristics that enable higher tolerance to water deficit by increasing transpiration (E), stomatal conductance (g s ) and photosynthetic rate (A), which in turn may have facilitated the whole plant survival. Besides providing comprehensive data on the scion/rootstock interactions upon successive stress events, this study brings the first dataset suggesting that epigenetic alterations in citrus plants triggered by recurrent water deficit lead to improved drought tolerance in this crop species. (Résumé d'auteur

Atuação da Área Industrial do BNDES na Região Norte: ações de fomento em torno das potencialidades locais

Bibliografia: p. 183Neste artigo, serão destacados alguns aspectos da crescente atuação da Área Industrial do BNDES na Região Norte. Optou-se por enfatizar a discussão prospectiva, uma vez que a elaboração de políticas de apoio ao desenvolvimento regional exige uma visão de futuro. O texto inclui temas que vão do setor eletrônico à preservação do patrimônio histórico, passando pela vocação inequívoca da Região Norte para a aquicultura, pela dinamização observada no setor de comércio e serviços e por investimentos realizados por setores tradicionais da indústria de transformação, seja em capacidade produtiva, seja em inovação, o que ilustra a diversidade que caracteriza o trabalho realizado pela Área Industrial.In this article, some aspects of the increasing role of the BNDES Industrial Area in the Northeast Region are highlighted. We chose to emphasize the prospective discussion, since the design of policies to support regional development requires a vision of the future. The text includes topics ranging from electronic to cultural sector, including the unequivocal vocation of Northeast Region for aquaculture, the dynamics observed in the service sector and the investment by traditional sectors of manufacturing industry, whether in capacity productive, whether in innovation, illustrating the diversity that defines the work of the Industrial Division

A atuação da Área Industrial do BNDES na Região Centro-Oeste

Este capítulo destaca alguns aspectos da atuação da Área Industrial do BNDES na Região Centro-Oeste. Optou-se por enfatizar a discussão prospectiva, uma vez que a elaboração de políticas de apoio ao desenvolvimento regional exige uma visão de futuro. O texto inclui temas que vão do setor cultural à tecnologia da informação, passando pela vocação inequívoca da região para o desenvolvimento do setor sucroenergético, que vem trilhando uma robusta trajetória de crescimento. Somam-se, ainda, a dinamização observada no setor de comércio e serviços e os investimentos realizados pelas indústrias tradicionais, configurando um quadro que ilustra a diversidade setorial do trabalho realizado pela Área Industrial.This chapter focuses on some aspects of the efforts put forth by the BNDES Industrial Division in the Central-West. Emphasis is on prospective discussions since designing support policies for regional development requires a vision of the future. The paper includes topics ranging from the cultural sector to Information Technology, as well as the region s clear vocation to develop the sugar-based energy sector, which has paved a path of robust growth. We also address the boom in the trade and services sector and the investments made by traditional industries, which provides an illustration of the sectorial diversity in the efforts carried out by the Industrial Division

A atuação da Área Industrial do BNDES na Região Sudeste

Bibliografia: p. 94-95Ao apresentar uma síntese da atuação da Área Industrial do BNDES (AI-BNDES) no Sudeste, o texto mostra o peso que o apoio financeiro a projetos de investimento de vários ramos industriais representa para a economia da região. Além disso, diversas questões setoriais estratégicas são discutidas.Analyzing the performance of the BNDES’ Industrial Division in the Southeast, the text shows the importance that financial support for projects in several industries represents in the region’s economy. In addition, several strategic sectorial issues are discussed

Wildfire, deforestation and health in tropical rainforest areas: a scoping review protocol.

INTRODUCTION: Wildfires and deforestation potentially have direct effects on multiple health outcomes as well as indirect consequences for climate change. Tropical rainforest areas are characterised by high rainfall, humidity and temperature, and they are predominantly found in low-income and middle-income countries. This study aims to synthesise the methods, data and health outcomes reported in scientific papers on wildfires and deforestation in these locations. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We will carry out a scoping review according to the Joanna Briggs Institute's (JBI) manual for scoping reviews and the framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley, and Levac et al. The search for articles was performed on 18 August 2023, in 16 electronic databases using Medical Subject Headings terms and adaptations for each database from database inception. The search for local studies will be complemented by the manual search in the list of references of the studies selected to compose this review. We screened studies written in English, French, Portuguese and Spanish. We included quantitative studies assessing any human disease outcome, hospitalisation and vital statistics in regions of tropical rainforest. We exclude qualitative studies and quantitative studies whose outcomes do not cover those of interest. The text screening was done by two independent reviewers. Subsequently, we will tabulate the data by the origin of the data source used, the methods and the main findings on health impacts of the extracted data. The results will provide descriptive statistics, along with visual representations in diagrams and tables, complemented by narrative summaries as detailed in the JBI guidelines. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study does not require an ethical review as it is meta-research and uses published, deidentified secondary data sources. The submission of results for publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presentation at scientific and policymakers' conferences is expected. STUDY REGISTRATION: Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/pnqc7/)

A atuação da Área Industrial do BNDES na Região Sul

Bibliografia: p. 102-103.Neste capítulo, são apresentados resumos setoriais, cases empresariais e discussões prospectivas relativos a alguns dos vários setores em que a Área Industrial (AI) do BNDES atua, por exemplo, automotivo, sucroenergético, complexo industrial da saúde, de tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TICs), de bens de capital, comércio, serviços e cultura. Defende-se que o peso da indústria na Região Sul dá origem a um quadro complexo e diversificado, o que faz com que a AI do BNDES atue de modo igualmente complexo em seu esforço de promoção do desenvolvimento econômico.In this chapter, we present sectorial summaries, corporate case studies and prospective discussions on some of the many sectors in which the BNDES’ Industrial Division (AI) operates, for example, automotive, sugar-based ethanol, industrial health, information and communication technologies (ICTs), capital goods, trade, services and culture. It defends that the strength of industry in the South region of Brazil gives rise to complex and diversified circumstances, which result in the AI division operating in an equally complex manner in its efforts to boost economic development

Risk factors for non-atopic asthma/wheeze in children and adolescents: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: The study of non-atopic asthma/wheeze in children separately from atopic asthma is relatively recent. Studies have focused on single risk factors and had inconsistent findings. OBJECTIVE: To review evidence on factors associated with non-atopic asthma/wheeze in children and adolescents. METHODS: A review of studies of risk factors for non-atopic asthma/wheeze which had a non-asthmatic comparison group, and assessed atopy by skin-prick test or allergen-specific IgE. RESULTS: Studies of non-atopic asthma/wheeze used a wide diversity of definitions of asthma/wheeze, comparison groups and methods to assess atopy. Among 30 risk factors evaluated in the 43 studies only 3 (family history of asthma/rhinitis/eczema, dampness/mold in the household, and lower respiratory tract infections in childhood) showed consistent associations with non-atopic asthma/wheeze. No or limited period of breastfeeding was less consistently associated with non-atopic asthma/wheeze. The few studies examining the effects of overweight/obesity and psychological/social factors showed consistent associations. We used a novel graphical presentation of different risk factors for non-atopic asthma/wheeze, allowing a more complete perception of the complex pattern of effects. CONCLUSIONS: More research using standardized methodology is needed on the causes of non-atopic asthma