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    Are there geogenic relationships for Lithium between geology, geochemical anomalies and low levels of violence in the region of Guanambi, State of Bahia, NE Brazil? / Existem relações geográficas para o Lítio entre geologia, anomalias geoquímicas e baixos níveis de violência na região de Guanambi, Estado da Bahia, NE do Brasil?

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    Lithium has been applied for therapeutic purposes in the treatment of mental health disorders, such as bipolar affective disease, in the prevention of behaviour changes, and may be related, to some extent, to the reduction of suicide and violence. In Brazil, the main occurrences of lithium are found in the east/northeast region. In the Guanambi domains, in south-central Bahia, until recently, there were no references to lithium occurrences. The geology of the region is characterized by the monzo-syenitic batholith of Guanambi and its associated late intrusions (2.05Ga), where important manifestations of a pneumatolithic character are described. There are also evaporitic levels, interspersed with carbonate members of the São Francisco Supergroup (Bambuí Group - 650Ma). The Geological Survey of Brazil (CPRM) carried out an extensive geochemical survey, sampling and analysing water, sediments and soils. The geostatistical treatment and interpretation of these data revealed the existence of lithium anomalies in the Guanambi domains, in sites that spatially overlap the rocks of the Guanambi batholith and the carbonate rocks of the Bambuí Group. According to Atlas da Violência (2019), in Guanambi the homicide rate was 30.8 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants, that is, it is lower than the average homicide rate in Brazil (31.6 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants), or the average rate in Bahia (48.8 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants). The relationships between lithium and health can be addressed by medical geochemistry. This article is relevant to the community of geoscientists and health planners, whose objective is to investigate the hypothesis put forward of the effective relationship between geogenic lithium levels and the homicide rate in these sites in the State of Bahia

    AS COMPLEXIDADES DO ESTUDO DO LÍTIO GEOGÊNICO: Lítio geogênico e saúde mental

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    Lithium, geogenic, secondary is a chemical element that occurs in surface geochemical reservoirs, from the action of chemical weathering of mineral phases, carriers of this element. Supergene enrichment supplies this element to soils, sediments and water, that is, to surface geochemical reservoirs. Lithium is an element that brings several therapeutic benefits, among them the treatment of mental health disorders, such as bipolar affective disease, in the prevention of behavior changes, and may be related to some extent, in the reduction of suicide and violence. Suicide is the tenth leading cause of death worldwide. Suicide rates vary greatly from country to country and from regions within a country. Brazil has one of the lowest suicide rates in the world, however these numbers have been increasing by around 30% in recent decades. The relationship between lithium and mental health can be addressed by medical geochemistry, which is a new field of geology that investigates the distribution of geological materials and possible influences on human health. This article presents the difficulties of trying to relate the verified levels of geogenic Lithium, existing in the Northeast of Brazil, with the numbers of suicide statistics from surveys of the Brazilian health system.No Brasil, a existências de duas importantes províncias pegmatíticas localizadas uma na região do Seridó, no nordeste do Brasil e outra mais a sudeste, ao norte do estado de Minas Gerais, limites com o estado da Bahia, apresentam referências da presença de Lítio Geogênico. O Lítio, geogênico, secundário é um elemento químico que ocorre nos reservatórios geoquímicos superficiais, provenientes da ação do intemperismo químico das fases minerais, portadoras deste elemento. O enriquecimento supergênico fornece este elemento para os solos, sedimentos e água, ou seja, para os reservatórios geoquímicos superficiais. O Lítio é um elemento que traz diversos benefícios terapêuticos, entre eles cita-se o tratamento de distúrbios da saúde mental, como na doença afetiva bipolar, na prevenção de alterações do comportamento, podendo ser relacionado em alguma medida, na redução do suicídio e violência. O suicídio é a décima causa de morte em todo o mundo. As taxas de suicídio variam muito de país para país e de regiões dentro de um país. O Brasil possui uma das menores taxas de suicídio mundial, no entanto esses números vêm aumentando em torno de 30%, nas últimas décadas. As relações entre o Lítio e saúde mental podem ser abordadas pela geoquímica médica, que é um novo campo da Geologia, que investiga a distribuição dos materiais geológicos e as possíveis influências sobre a saúde humana. Este artigo apresenta as dificuldades da tentativa de relacionar os constatados teores de Lítio geogênico, existentes no Nordeste do Brasil, com os números das estatísticas de suicídio de levantamentos do sistema de saúde Brasileiro
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