Visual Function And Fine-motor Control In Small-for-gestational Age Infants.

To compare visual function and fine-motor control of full-term infants small-for-gestational age (SGA) and appropriate for gestational age (AGA), in the first three months. We evaluated prospectively 31 infants in the 1st month; 33 in the 2nd and 34 infants in the 3rd month, categorized as full-term; birth weight less than 10th percentile for SGA and 25th to 90th percentile for the AGA group. Genetic syndromes, infections, multiple congenital malformations were excluded. The Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II were used, especially items related to visual function and to fine-motor control outcomes. The Motor Index Score (IS) was significantly lower in the SGA group in the 2nd month. The items attempts to bring hands to mouth, in the 1st month and reaches for suspended ring, in the 3rd month showed higher frequency in the SGA group. The Motor IS was lower in the 2nd month and items of fine-motor control in the 1st month and in the 3rd month showed higher frequency in the SGA group.62955-6

Neurodevelopment of full-term small-for-gestacional age infants in the second month of life

The objective of the present study was to assess and to compare the neurodevelopment of full-term adequate (AGA) or small-for-gestational age (SGA) infants in the second month of life. Sixty-seven infants were evaluated: 43 AGA and 24 SGA, making use of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. The SGA group Index Score (IS) was significantly lower in Mental and Motor Scales. Considering the body proportionality (Asymmetric, Symmetric-SGA and Control group) there was difference in Motor Scale (p=0.003) with lower scores in the Symmetric-SGA group. Comparing to the Control group IS percentiles, in Mental Scale there was difference between Asymmetric X Symmetric-SGA; in Motor Scale, there was difference between the Asymmetric X Control (p=0.039) and Symmetric-SGA X Control (p=0.007) groups; there was no difference between Asymmetric and Symmetric-SGA although both exhibited lower scores than the Control group.O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar e comparar o neurodesenvolvimento de lactentes nascidos a termo, com peso adequado (AIG) ou pequeno para a idade gestacional (PIG), no 2º mês de vida. Avaliaram-se 67 lactentes: 43 AIG e 24 PIG, utilizando as Bayley Scales of Infant Development. O Index Score (IS) nas Escalas Mental e Motora foi significativamente menor no grupo PIG. Considerando a proporcionalidade corporal (Grupos Controle, Assimétrico e PIG-Simétrico), houve diferença significativa na Escala Motora (p=0,003), com menores pontuações no grupo PIG-Simétrico. Comparados aos percentis de IS do grupo Controle, na Escala Mental, houve diferença entre os grupos Assimétrico X PIG-Simétrico; na Escala Motora, houve diferença entre os grupos Assimétrico X Controle (p=0,039) e PIG-Simétrico X Controle (p=0,0007); não houve diferença entre os grupos Assimétrico e PIG-Simétrico, ambos apresentando menores pontuações que o grupo Controle.758

Velocidade de fluxo sanguineo cerebral, por ultra-sonografia Doppler no primeiro dia de vida de recem-nascidos policitemicos

Orientador: Maria Aparecida Brenelli VitaliTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias MedicasResumo: Resumo: A poli citem ia e hiperviscosidade são morbidades de grande relevância no período neonatal, determinando manifestações clínicas e comprometimento neurológico em grande número de recém-nascidos. Os fatores envolvidos no desencadeamento das alterações neurológicas ainda não foram suficientemente esclarecidos, propiciando controvérsias sobre a oportunidade e eficácia do seu tratamento, principalmente em crianças assintomáticas. Recentemente tem sido investigada a influência do fluxo sangüíneo cerebral na sua fisiopatogenia, embora não existam resultados conclusivos, visto que a quantificação do fluxo cerebral em recém-nascidos é bastante complexa, por incorporar múltiplos elementos decorrentes da adaptação fisiológica propiciado pelo nascimento. Utilizando a ultra-sonografia Doppler, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a velocidade de fluxo sangüíneo cerebral em recém-nascidos policitêmicos assintomáticos e normocitêmicos e analisar a influência de algumas variáveis perinatais na hemodinâmica cerebral. Estudaram-se prospectivamente 42 recém-nascidos a termo atendidos no Serviço de Neonatologia do CAISM-UNICAMP, sendo 25 normocitêmicos e 17 policitêmicos. Com 1, 2, 12 e 24 horas de vida, foram realizadas mensurações da velocidade de fluxo cerebral através de ultra-sonografia Doppler em artéria cerebral anterior e calculados a resistência vascular periférica, a "hindrance" vascular e o transporte de células vermelhas. No mesmo período foram medidos hematócrito, viscosidade e pC02 venosos. Através de monitorização não invasiva também foram determinadas a pressão arterial e freqüência cardíaca. Os resultados demonstraram que as medidas ae velocidade de fluxo cerebral foram significativamente mais baixas nos recém-nascidos policitêmicos, exceto o índice de resistência de Pourcelot, que não mostrou diferenciação entre os grupos. A resistência vascular cerebral foi aumentada nos policitêmicos, sem modificação relativa da geometria vascular, porém o transporte de células vermelhas não apresentou diferença significativa entre os grupos. Os valores de velocimetria Doppler aumentaram significativamente entre a 23 e 243 horas de vida, acompanhados por diminuição paralela da resistência periférica. Estas variações coincidiram com as modificações do hematócrito e da viscosidade sangüínea, que apresentaram diminuição significativa no mesmo período. A análise de regressão simples mostrou que os valores de viscosidade sangüínea foram inversamente relacionados ao fluxo em todos os tempos analisados. Os resultados da análise múltipla demonstraram resultados diferentes para cada tempo de vida, embora a relação adequação peso/idade e a presença/ausência de policitemia tenham permanecido como as variáveis mais constantes como preditoras da velocidade de fluxo no período estudado, com os valores de viscosidade sendo incorporados ao modelo de predição somente a partir da 128 hora de vida. Concluiu-se que no primeiro dia de vida houve uma variação significativa da velocidade de fluxo e da resistência vascular cerebral, tendo as medidas ultra-sonográficas de velocidade, exceto o I.R., apresentada diferenciação significativa entre recém-nascidos policitêmicos e normocitêmicos, embora o transporte de células vermelhas não tenha sido diferente entre eles. A predição de velocidade de fluxo cerebral seguiu um modelo complexo, sendo influenciado de maneira importante pela adequação peso/idade, pela presença/ausência de policitemia neonatal e tendo a variação da viscosidade sangüínea apresentado expressão apenas a partir da 128 horas de vidaAbstract: Abstract: Polycytemia and hyperviscosity are morbidity of high relevance during the neonatal period, leading to clinical events and neurological problems in a great number of newborns. The involved triggering effects on these alterations are not yet well clarified leading to controversies about the opportunity and efficacy of its treatment. Recent studies have investigated the influence of cerebral blood flow in, but until now the results are not conclusive due to the complexity in dealing with multiple elements arising from the delivery physiological adaptation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cerebral blood flow, using Doppler ultrasound, in normocytemic and asymptomatic polycytemic newborns and to analyze the influence of some neonatal variables in the brain hemodynamics. Forty-two term newborn delivered at the Neonatology Service of CAISM-UNICAMP where investigated, being twenty five normocytemic and seventeen polycytemic. The cerebral blood flow velocity was measured in the anterior cerebral artery at 1,2, 12 and 24 hours of life and from these measurements the vascular cerebral resistance, the vascular "hindrance" and the red cells transport were calculated. At the above mentioned time schedule were collected venous blood samples and measured hematocrit values, viscosity and pC02. U sing non-invasive techniques were also evaluated the mean blood pressure and the cardiac frequency. There was no difference of weight and gestational age between the groups and the blood flow velocities were significantly lower in the polycytemic newborn group, except for the resistance index that did not show difference between the groups. In the group of polycytemics the mean blood pressure and the vascular cerebral resistance were increased without relative modification in the vascular geometry, while the red cells transport did not present significant difference. The blood flow velocity increased significantly from the 2nd until the 24th hours of life for the two groups followed by the parallel decrease of the peripheral resistance. These changes matched with variations in hematocrit and blood viscosity that presented significant decrease. As a conclusion, there is a time significant variation of the blood flow velocity and the cerebral vascular resistance in first day of life and that these values present significant difference between the normo and polycytemic newborns, but the prediction of flow follows a complex model, with important influence from the adequate weight/gestational age and having the variation of blood viscosity influence only after the 12th hour of lifeDoutoradoDoutor em Pediatri

Efeito do tempo de vida sobre o valor do hematocrito do recem-nascido nas primeiras 24 horas de vida

Orientador: Maria Aparecida BrenelliDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias MedicasResumo: A policitemia neonatal é causa de importante morbidade no período neonatal e apesar da elevada prevalência neste período ainda apresenta etiologia, mecanismos fisiopatológicos, critérios diagnósticos, tratamento e prognósticos imprecisos. Com a finalidade de avaliar o comportamento do hematócrito ao longo do primeiro dia de vida em recém-nascidos normais a termo e suas consequências na definição do tempo ideal de triagem e diagnóstico de policitemia neonatal, foram estudados 172 recém-nascidos no período de julho de 1992 a junho de 1993, no Centro de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher da Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Avaliou-se o hematócrito colhido em sangue misto de cordão umbilical ao- nascimento ou hora zero e a seguir os coletados em veia antecubital com 1, 2, 6, 12 e 24 horas de vida. Posteriórmente verificou-se a associação de fatores como: sexo, cor, tipo de parto, peso de nascimento, tempo de ligadura de cordão umbilical e variação de peso nas primeiras 24 horas de vida com o valor do hematócrito nos diversos tempos estudados. Utilizouse os testes estatísticos t de Student, F de Snedecor, análise de regressão linear simples e múltipla e montados modelos de predição diagnóstica da doença a partir do hematócrito de cordão umbilical com cálculos de sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo e negativo. Concluiu-se que o hematócrito variou significativamente no tempo, com hemoconcentração máxima na segunda hora de vida e retorno aos valores de cordão umbilical na 248 hora, com esta variabilidade não sendo associada estatisticamente a nenhum dos fatores estudados. A prevalência de policitemia neonatal (hematócrito venoso 65%) variou de forma semelhante ao hematócrito, com maior freqüência relativa na segunda hora (9%) e redução gradativa até atingir o menor valor na 24a hora (1,7%). O hematócrito de sangue misto umbilical não pôde ser utilizado com segurança como modelo diagnóstico de policitemia, mas o ponto de corte de 54% pôde ser estabelecido como modelo de triagem precoce da doençaAbstract: The neonatal polycythemia is cause of important morbidity in neonatal period. In spite of its high prevalence, the polycythemia is still imprecise concerning etiology, physiopathological cansequences, diagnosis criteria, treatment and prognosis in order to evaluate hematocrit behavior during the first day of life in normal, term infants, and its consequences to define the ideal time for blood drawn to diagnose neonatal polycythemia, 172 newborns were studied. The research was carried out between July 1992 and Jun 1993 at the Center for Whole Attention to Woman's Health in Campinas State University. The hematocrit was evaluated at time of births (from umbilical cord blood sample) and by antecubital vein pundion at 1 hour, 2, 6, 12 and 24 hours of life. Others factors such as sex, colour, type of delivery, birthweight, time of umbilical cord clamping and weight variability in the first 24 hours of life were considered to associated them to various hematocrit measures taken. The folowing statistic test were used: t-Student test, F-Snedecor test, simple and multiple regression. Models of diagnostic prediction from umbilical cord hematocrit were created considering sensibility, specificity and predictive value, both positive and negative. The findings show a significant variation in hematocrit along the time, with maximum hemoconcentration in the second hour after birth, returning to umbilical cord values in the 24th hour. The variability was not statistically associated to any of the studied factors. The prevalence of neonatal polycythemia (venous hematocrit equal or higher than 65%) variated in a similar way to the hematocrit, having higher rei ative rate in the 2nd hour (9%) and gradative reduction until attain a lower rate in the 24th hour (1,7%). The hematocrit taken from umbilical cord mixed blood could not be used as a sure diagnostic model for polycythemia, but the cutpoint of 54% could be established as model for precocious screening of the diseaseMestradoMestre em Pediatri

Velocimetria Doppler no período neonatal em recém-nascidos a termo pequenos para idade gestacional Neonatal Doppler velocimetry in full term small-for-gestational age newborns

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o fluxo sanguíneo cerebral em recém-nascidos a termo pequenos para idade gestacional, utilizando ultra-sonografia Doppler craniana ao nascimento. O estudo foi desenvolvido no CAISM/UNICAMP (Centro de Saúde Terciário para Mulheres). Foram selecionados sessenta recém-nascidos e divididos em 2 grupos: 36 adequados para idade gestacional (AIG) e 24 pequenos para idade gestacional (PIG). Foi realizada a avaliação de ultra-sonografia Doppler craniana nos grupos, entre 24-48 horas após o nascimento. A velocidade de fluxo sanguíneo cerebral foi menor no grupo PIG na artéria cerebral anterior (ACA). As medidas Doppler foram estatisticamente diferentes entre os grupos apenas para valores relacionados à velocidade de fluxo de pico sistólico (VFPS) e velocidade de fluxo médio (VFM) na ACA. Não houve diferenças significantes para nenhum dos parâmetros avaliados de velocidade de fluxo na artéria cerebral média (ACM). Concluiu-se que recém-nascidos PIG apresentaram VFPS e VFM significativamente menores apenas na ACA. A adequação peso/idade gestacional, presença de policitemia neonatal e valores de pressão arterial média estiveram estatisticamente associados a VFM na ACA. A presença de sofrimento fetal, valores de pressão arterial média e hábito de fumar durante a gestação estiveram estatisticamente associados a VFM na ACM.<br>This study aimed to evaluate the cerebral blood flow of full term small-for-gestational age newborns, using cranial ultrasound Doppler at birth. This study was performed at CAISM/UNICAMP (Tertiary Health Center for Women). Sixty term newborns were selected and divided in two groups: appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) (36 neonates) and small-for-gestational age (SGA) (24 neonates). Cranial ultrasound Doppler evaluation was performed on both groups, between 24 and 48 hours after birth. Cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) was lower in the small-for-gestational age group, in the anterior cerebral artery (ACA). Doppler measurements were different statistically between the groups only for values related to peak systolic flow velocity (PSFV) and mean flow velocity (MFV) in the ACA. There was no significant difference for any evaluated parameters of flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery (MCA). It was concluded that SGA newborns showed PSFV and MFV significantly reduced only in the ACA. Weight/gestational age, neonatal polycythemia and mean arterial blood pressure values were statistically related to MFV in the ACA. In presence of fetal suffering, mean arterial blood pressure values and smoking in the pregnancy were statistically related to MFV in the MCA

The Effect Of Milrinone On Splanchnic And Cerebral Perfusion In Infants With Congenital Heart Disease Prior To Surgery: An Observational Study.

Despite the advancement in the postoperative care of neonates with congenital heart disease (CHD), there is little information on preoperative management of systemic and regional hemodynamics, which may be related to outcomes. We aimed to determine the preoperative effect of milrinone, a phosphodiesterase III inhibitor, on cardiac output and splanchnic and cerebral perfusion in neonates with CHD. Neonates with CHD requiring cardiac surgery were enrolled in a prospective, single-blinded study once a clinical decision of starting milrinone (0.75 μg/kg per minute intravenously) using institutional criteria was made. Demographic and clinical variables and outcomes were recorded. Combined cardiac output and measures of splanchnic (superior mesenteric and celiac arteries) and cerebral (anterior and middle cerebral arteries) perfusion were determined by Doppler studies at 0, 6, 24, and 48 h after milrinone infusion. Investigators were unaware of intervention time points and patients in analyzing blood flow measurements. Seventeen term (39.2 ± 1.3 weeks) neonates were included with hypoplastic left-sided heart syndrome (78.5%) as the most common diagnosis. Combined cardiac output increased by 28% within 48 h (613 ± 154 vs. 479 ± 147 mL/kg per minute at baseline, P < 0.05). Superior mesenteric artery mean velocity increased at 6 h and throughout 48 h of milrinone infusion (P < 0.05). Peak and mean velocities at cerebral arteries increased with milrinone infusion (P < 0.05~0.08), and the corresponding changes at celiac artery were modest. There were no significant changes in splanchnic and cerebral resistive and pulsatility indices during milrinone infusion. Milrinone increases cardiac output with concurrent effects on splanchnic and cerebral blood flows during the short-term preoperative use in neonates with CHD.44115-12

The effect of milrinone on splanchnic and cerebral perfusion in infants with congenital heart disease prior to surgery

Despite the advancement in the postoperative care of neonates with congenital heart disease (CHD), there is little information on preoperative management of systemic and regional hemodynamics, which may be related to outcomes. We aimed to determine the preoperative effect of milrinone, a phosphodiesterase III inhibitor, on cardiac output and splanchnic and cerebral perfusion in neonates with CHD. Neonates with CHD requiring cardiac surgery were enrolled in a prospective, single-blinded study once a clinical decision of starting milrinone (0.75 μg/kg per minute intravenously) using institutional criteria was made. Demographic and clinical variables and outcomes were recorded. Combined cardiac output and measures of splanchnic (superior mesenteric and celiac arteries) and cerebral (anterior and middle cerebral arteries) perfusion were determined by Doppler studies at 0, 6, 24, and 48 h after milrinone infusion. Investigators were unaware of intervention time points and patients in analyzing blood flow measurements. Seventeen term (39.2 ± 1.3 weeks) neonates were included with hypoplastic left-sided heart syndrome (78.5%) as the most common diagnosis. Combined cardiac output increased by 28% within 48 h (613 ± 154 vs. 479 ± 147 mL/kg per minute at baseline, P < 0.05). Superior mesenteric artery mean velocity increased at 6 h and throughout 48 h of milrinone infusion (P < 0.05). Peak and mean velocities at cerebral arteries increased with milrinone infusion (P < 0.05∼0.08), and the corresponding changes at celiac artery were modest. There were no significant changes in splanchnic and cerebral resistive and pulsatility indices during milrinone infusion. Milrinone increases cardiac output with concurrent effects on splanchnic and cerebral blood flows during the short-term preoperative use in neonates with CHD.44211512

[neonatal Doppler Velocimetry In Full Term Small-for-gestational Age Newborns].

This study aimed to evaluate the cerebral blood flow of full term small-for-gestational age newborns, using cranial ultrasound Doppler at birth. This study was performed at CAISM/UNICAMP (Tertiary Health Center for Women). Sixty term newborns were selected and divided in two groups: appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) (36 neonates) and small-for-gestational age (SGA) (24 neonates). Cranial ultrasound Doppler evaluation was performed on both groups, between 24 and 48 hours after birth. Cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) was lower in the small-for-gestational age group, in the anterior cerebral artery (ACA). Doppler measurements were different statistically between the groups only for values related to peak systolic flow velocity (PSFV) and mean flow velocity (MFV) in the ACA. There was no significant difference for any evaluated parameters of flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery (MCA). It was concluded that SGA newborns showed PSFV and MFV significantly reduced only in the ACA. Weight/gestational age, neonatal polycythemia and mean arterial blood pressure values were statistically related to MFV in the ACA. In presence of fetal suffering, mean arterial blood pressure values and smoking in the pregnancy were statistically related to MFV in the MCA.61808-1

Pédagogie différenciée : mode d'emploi -- /

Bibliogr.: p. 91-92Notes bibliogr.: p. 9

Neurodesenvolvimento de lactentes nascidos a termo pequenos para a idade gestacional no segundo mês de vida Neurodevelopment of full-term small-for-gestacional age infants in the second month of life

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar e comparar o neurodesenvolvimento de lactentes nascidos a termo, com peso adequado (AIG) ou pequeno para a idade gestacional (PIG), no 2º mês de vida. Avaliaram-se 67 lactentes: 43 AIG e 24 PIG, utilizando as Bayley Scales of Infant Development. O Index Score (IS) nas Escalas Mental e Motora foi significativamente menor no grupo PIG. Considerando a proporcionalidade corporal (Grupos Controle, Assimétrico e PIG-Simétrico), houve diferença significativa na Escala Motora (p=0,003), com menores pontuações no grupo PIG-Simétrico. Comparados aos percentis de IS do grupo Controle, na Escala Mental, houve diferença entre os grupos Assimétrico X PIG-Simétrico; na Escala Motora, houve diferença entre os grupos Assimétrico X Controle (p=0,039) e PIG-Simétrico X Controle (p=0,0007); não houve diferença entre os grupos Assimétrico e PIG-Simétrico, ambos apresentando menores pontuações que o grupo Controle.The objective of the present study was to assess and to compare the neurodevelopment of full-term adequate (AGA) or small-for-gestational age (SGA) infants in the second month of life. Sixty-seven infants were evaluated: 43 AGA and 24 SGA, making use of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. The SGA group Index Score (IS) was significantly lower in Mental and Motor Scales. Considering the body proportionality (Asymmetric, Symmetric-SGA and Control group) there was difference in Motor Scale (p=0.003) with lower scores in the Symmetric-SGA group. Comparing to the Control group IS percentiles, in Mental Scale there was difference between Asymmetric X Symmetric-SGA; in Motor Scale, there was difference between the Asymmetric X Control (p=0.039) and Symmetric-SGA X Control (p=0.007) groups; there was no difference between Asymmetric and Symmetric-SGA although both exhibited lower scores than the Control group