Effect of Nordic Walking on Functional Ability and Blood Pressure in Elderly Women

The aim of the study was to analyze the effects produced by the use of experimental program (Nordic polewalking) on functional abilities in elderly women. Three-month polewalking led to reduction in the pulse rate at rest, diastolic and systolic blood pressure at the level of significance of 0.01 (p=0.000). Polewalking improved the values of fitness index (FITIND) and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) at the level of significance of 0.01 (p=0.000). On final measurement, three variables, i.e. pulse rate at rest – HRR (E=73.42 vs. C=79.68), systolic blood pressure – BPS (E=118.42 vs. C=123.65) and diastolic blood pressure – BPD (E=79.04 vs. C=83.54), showed lower results in experimental group compared with control group. On final measurement, experimental group showed higher values of the FITIND (E=81.79 vs. C=62.66) and VO2max (E=21.83 vs. C=16.81) variables as compared to control group. Accordingly, such a moderate physical activity, which is not too vigorous yet intensive enough to induce favorable changes, appears to be recommendable for elderly women. The present study included 60 women from the Novi Sad community, mean age 58.5±6.90 years, mean body mass 70.9±15.32 kg and mean body height 164.8±7.24 cm. Study population was divided into two groups of 30 subjects: experimental (E) group and control (C) group. The experimental program was performed three times a week for three months. The Nordic walking program was so designed for the performers to be in the aerobic work zone throughout the exercise. Nordic walking with poles was performed over three months. Study results revealed functional abilities of the study women to have modified during the longitudinal process

Relationship between BMI and Skinfold Thicknesses to Risk Factors in Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women

Studies conducted on children and adults have pointed to the correlation of BMI (kg/m2) with risk factors for certain diseases. Other studies have stressed a more intense correlation between the risk factors and indicators of subcutaneous fat obtained in other ways. The aim of the study was to compare the intensity of correlation between the risk factors and triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness in relation to BMI. The study included 53 postmenopausal and 107 premenopausal women, the risk factors were assessed upon systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glucose concentration, triglyceride and cholesterol levels. Statistically significant differences were established in almost all variables referring to premenopausal and postmenopausal women, except in body height, subscapular skinfold thickness and triglyceride concentration. Significant correlation with the risk factors was detected in BMI and both skinfold thicknesses, while the subscapular thickness correlates more intensively with the risk factors than it is the case with the triceps thickness. The results indicate that BMI equally correlates with risk factors as well as skinfold thickness

Gender-related differences in motor abilities of children in the fencing school

Fencing is very dynamic and combative sport, with the following requirements of competitors: instant resourcefulness, precision, courage and fast reaction in different situations. It is just for this reason that the training of young fencers involves improvement of all motor abilities focusing on agility, speed, and explosive strength. The aim of this research is to determine gender-related differences of motor abilities in children engaged in fencing. The sample consists of 50 children (26 boys and 24 girls) whose average age is 10.46 years and, who train fencing in the “Omladinac” in Zrenjanin and “Vojvodina” in Novi Sad. Motor abilities are tested by means of four motor tests. Differences are determined using multivariate analysis of variance and univariate analysis of variance. The findings indicate that there is statistically significant difference related to Deep forward bend on the bench and T-test, which is in favor of girls, Long jump test from the standing start in favor of boys, whereas Tapping test does not show any significant difference between boys and girls. Numerous research works show that early early maturing girls have better results of motor performance than those with a slower process of maturation (11-13 years), whereas individual differences in terms of motor performance depend on growth and development, especially in boys. Matching of results is related to the observed statistically significant differences in explosive strength in favor of boys and suppleness in favor of girls

Flywheel Training in Older Adults—A Systematic Review

The process of healthy aging might be reconsidered, based on the nonfatal outcomes of falls in older adults. Flywheel training is a relatively new training method used by different age groups, which enables the muscles to contract at maximum force in minimum time. The study aim was to summarize the relevant literature about the effects of flywheel training in older adults and to determine its efficiency and feasibility. PRISMA guidelines were followed for both the search and analysis. Electronic databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science and SPORTDiscuss) yielded 9915 studies, but we have included studies published in English between 2005 and 2021, cross-sectional and pre-post treatments, with older adults (≥60 years) as the sample, where flywheel training was conducted. A total of nine studies have met the pre-defined criteria and entered the systematic review, with a total of 216 participants, both male and female. After analyzing the obtained results, it can be concluded that flywheel training showed physical, neuromuscular, and functional improvements in older adults. However, the review did not reveal an optimal duration, frequency, intensity, or volume. Furthermore, it can be stated that this training method can be considered as an appropriate form of activity in older adults, as a tool for improving overall health

EFFECTS OF WEIGHT LIFTING ON MUSCULAR POWER OF FEMALES

Physical non-activity and bad life style are common among young people nowadays, and they cause many problems with which female could meet. Fitness clbus have unique possibility to ensure time, staff and space for physical activity of young people, and in that way help the promotion of their health. The status of dynamometric power of upper and lower extremities and torso. On the sample of 52 female students aged between 20 and 24. All tests showed statisticaly significiant effect in final measurement compared to initial measurement, after a eight week training treatment

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES OF GIRLS AND THEIR PARENTS WITH GIRLS` ATTITUDES PHYSI CAL ACTIVITY

The re se arch was con duc ted on the sam ple of 222 pa rents of ele men tary school - girls, aged 6-7 years from No vi Sad, Som bor, Srem ska Mi tro vi ca, Bač ka Pa lan ka and Zre nja nin. Physi cal ac ti vi ti es of ma le chil dren and the ir pa rents we re al so eva lu a ted by the ir pa rents. That is the ti me when chil dren can con sti tu te ha bits for physi cal exer ci ses. Pas si ve at ti tu de of fe ma le chil dren to wards physi cal exer ci ses are the con se qu en ces of the sa me at ti tu des sha red by pa rents. Wit hin re se arch it is fo und out that the re is a hu ge im por tan ce of pa rents’ par ti ci pa tion in chil dren’s ac ti vi ti es. That in clu des how much chil dren are physi cal ac ti ve per we ek

EVALUATION OF PHYSIOLOGICAL ABILITIES OF TRAINEES OF NORDIC WALKING WITH UKK2-TEST

The research included (N=60) females from the territory of Municipality of Novi Sad. The sample of individuals included females of the average age of 58.5 ±6.90, average body mass of 70.9 kg±15.32, and average body height of 164.8 m±7.24. The walking test of 2 kilometres of length offers the possibility to determine the Fitness Index (general ability) and evaluate maximal consumption of oxygen VO2max. Since the individuals were older, very demanding tests were not recommendable, so we chose UKK test of 2 kilometre walking. Although it engages great muscle groups, it is not considered a risky activity which can bring to quick body exhaustion. Nordic walking is very convenient for intensifying of the training, and the important thing is that it protects joints. The use of sticks off-loads the whole passive composition for moving, such as ligaments and connective tissues, back and joints (especially knees), for some 15 to 35 tonnes per hour. Because of that, Nordic walking is ideal as a rehabilitation sport for people with orthopaedic disorders. The protocol of the test requires observation of the air temperature in the span of 5 - 25°C, moderate humidity, casual clothes or sweat suit and appropriate clothes and sneakers, and 5 to 10 minutes of warm-up: stretching of the spine muscles, legs muscles, and fast walking of 200 meters. After such preparations, the test starts, and each individual sets own tempo of walking. After 2 kilometres, we measure achieved time and the value of the puls

AGE AND BODY COMPOSITION OF PHYSICALLY ACTIVE FEMALES

During the process of aging at female population, certain changes in body composition take place. Those changes are inevitable and mainly biologically conditioned (Nassis & Geladas (2003); Heymsfield, Lohman, Wang & Going, 2005). Previous researches confirmed positive effects of regular exercising and programmed exercising on body composition. Promotion of motor and functional abilities, and consequently morphological characteristics, application of appropriate recreational activities, greatly influences “delay” of aging and rules which this process is bringing (Mišigoj-Duraković, 2006). The aim of this research was to establish whether there are statistically significant variances in body composition between the groups of individuals that actively exercise, and in relation to the age. The sample of individuals was made of 49 women in total (30-49 years of age) that actively exercise in the fitness club „World Class“, Novi Sad. The individuals were grouped in two sub-samples, in relation to the age. The first sub-sample was made of individuals of 30-39 years of age (N=21), and the second sub-sample of individuals of 40-49 years of age (N=28). Application of t test for independent samples established statistically significant variances between pairs of groups in variables Body weight, Fat mass and Body mass index (p<0,05)

ANALYSIS OF CHANGES OF BODY COMPOSITION WOMAN UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF AGE

Introduction: In modern civilization, there was a marked decrease in physical activity of people. It is well known that the use of dosed and regular physical activity act preventively to prevent the risk of diseases of modern civilization (Medved, 1980; Mišigoj Durakovic et al., 1999, Oman and Oman, 2003). The aim of the research is to analyze the changes of body composition of women affected by age. Methods: In a sample of 99 women, aged 20 to 49 years, the city of Novi Sad, undertook an assessment of body composition. The patients were divided into three subsamples with respect to age, for each decade separately. Distribution of respondents by age categories was made on the basis of some previous studies (NASIS and Geldas 2003, Flagg et al., 2005; Hayward, 2006). Univariate (ANOVA) and multivariate (MANOVA) analysis of variance fortified that there are statistically significant differences between all age groups, both in the common system variables and in most individual . For further determine the difference in the individual system variables was made t - test which confirms the findings of univariate analysis of variance. Results: Were found statistically significant differences between the analyzed groups. For most indicators of body composition are present in high and statistically significant differences. Discussion: Under the body composition we understand composition of the human body, represented by the size and grouping of existing measurable segments that constitute (Ugarković, 2001). According to some authors lean body mass is muscle, skeleton and internal organs, and body fat mass seems so. "important" and "unimportant" fat (Mišigoj Durakovic, 2006). References Bjorkelund, C., Lissner, L., Andresson, S., Lapidus, L., Bengtsson, C. (1996). Reproductive history in relation to relative weight and fat distribution. U International Journal of Obesity, 20, 213 - 219. Čokorilo, N., Mikalački, M., Korovljev, D. Cvetkovic, M. and Škrkar, S., (2012). Analysis of changes in body composition in women of different ages. Facta Universitatis - series: Physical Education and Sport, 10 (4), 347-353. Fleg, J. L., Morrell, C. H., Bos, A. G., Brant, L. J., Talbot, L. A., Wright, J. G., Lakatta, E.G. (2005). Accelerated longitudinal decline of aerobic capacity in healthy older adults. Circulation, 112, 674–682. Kohrt, W., M, Malley, M. T., Dalsky, G. P., Holloszy, J. O. (1992). Body composition of healthy sedentary and trained, young and older men and women. Medicine and Science in Sports Exercize, 24 (7), 832-837. Kyle, U. G., Melzer, K., Kayser, B., Picard-Kossovsky, Gremion, G., Pichard, C., (2006). Eight-Year Longitudinal Changes in Body Composition in Healthy Swiss Adults. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 25 (6), 493–501. Mišigoj Durakovic, M. (2006). Kinantropology - biological aspects of physical exercise. Zagreb: Faculty of Kinesiology

Effect of Nordic Walking on Functional Ability and Blood Pressure in Elderly Women

The aim of the study was to analyze the effects produced by the use of experimental program (Nordic polewalking) on functional abilities in elderly women. Three-month polewalking led to reduction in the pulse rate at rest, diastolic and systolic blood pressure at the level of significance of 0.01 (p=0.000). Polewalking improved the values of fitness index (FITIND) and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) at the level of significance of 0.01 (p=0.000). On final measurement, three variables, i.e. pulse rate at rest – HRR (E=73.42 vs. C=79.68), systolic blood pressure – BPS (E=118.42 vs. C=123.65) and diastolic blood pressure – BPD (E=79.04 vs. C=83.54), showed lower results in experimental group compared with control group. On final measurement, experimental group showed higher values of the FITIND (E=81.79 vs. C=62.66) and VO2max (E=21.83 vs. C=16.81) variables as compared to control group. Accordingly, such a moderate physical activity, which is not too vigorous yet intensive enough to induce favorable changes, appears to be recommendable for elderly women. The present study included 60 women from the Novi Sad community, mean age 58.5±6.90 years, mean body mass 70.9±15.32 kg and mean body height 164.8±7.24 cm. Study population was divided into two groups of 30 subjects: experimental (E) group and control (C) group. The experimental program was performed three times a week for three months. The Nordic walking program was so designed for the performers to be in the aerobic work zone throughout the exercise. Nordic walking with poles was performed over three months. Study results revealed functional abilities of the study women to have modified during the longitudinal process