A prospective study of various services utilization under the WADI project of NABARD by Tribal Women of Goalpara District

Purpose: The purpose of the Study is to evaluate challenges and opportunities of various services utilization under the WADI project of NABARD by Tribal Women of Goalpara in the prospective of study design. Theoretical Framework: There is a significant role of the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) in the socio-economic development of India in the perspective of the development of a sustainable development approach of livelihood for underprivileged people in the backward regions of India. In these consequences, a project of Wasteland Development in India (WADI) is a master plan NABARD for socio-economic development in the backward region of India, especially for promoting a sustainable development approach for scheduled tribes of India. Approach: The study is based on the review of related literature to study the various service utilisations under the WADI projects in the Goalpara district of Assam. For the purpose of the study various literatures, books, magazines, papers, newspapers and articles have been reviewed. Literature search revealed 121 articles or 99 abstracts, and citations showed 22 investigations. 39 publications did not meet the study's inclusion requirements, and 32 abstracts were rejected, 23 from non-English sources. 27  relevant peer-reviewed publications were chosen based on the inclusion criteria. Finding and social Implications: The findings of the study show that the implementation of master projects of NABARD is based according to the socio-economic and cultural practices of tribal communities in the Goalpara district of Assam because these tribes are inherited in their cultural landscape, and this cultural landscape represents their association with agroforestry. From these perspectives, it is found that the Goalpara district is the most backward region of Assam, where scheduled tribes account for the major proportion of the population of the district. Additionally, the role of NABARD is to promote and lead the mechanism of women empowerment through projects of WADI in the Goalpara district. However, it is also found that many challenges and problems emerged in the implementation of WADI projects due to the lack of transport and communication facilities in the Goalpara district of Assam. Originality/Value: In these consequences, it can be valued that NABARD is providing a sustainable approach to socio-economic development for scheduled tribes through the help of NGOs and organizations of the central government and state government of Assam. A depth analysis was conducted to understand the mechanism of role of the tribal community in the context of WADI projects of NABARD in the perspective of tribal abundant zone of Assam in India

SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OCCURRED AMONG THE TRIBAL BENEFICIARIES AS A RESULT OF THE WADI PROJECT IN THE GOALPARA DISTRICT SPECIAL REFERENCE TO LAKHIPUR BLOCK ASSAM

Abstract The Wadi project focuses on the development of orchards (recognized locally as Wadi), particularly on degraded lands. Through this program, tribal people cultivate mangoes, cashews, guavas, custard apples, alas, lemons, sapota, and drumsticks. The scope of the present study was to explore the socio-economic implications of such a project for its beneficiaries as a result of the WADI. The study was conducted in Lakhipur block in the Goalpara district. The list of all WADI tribal beneficiaries was collected from the Lakhipur block office, Po-Lakhipur, District-Goalpara, Assam. For this investigation, a proportionate random sampling method was employed to select 110 tribal beneficiaries from the 14 villages spread across four talukas in the Lakhipur block of Goalpara district. The structured schedule was developed to measure the socioeconomic consequences of the Wadi project on tribal beneficiaries. Analyses found that these had medium to high significance, with variables such as education, land holding, occupation, income, source of information, social participation and risk orientation among those observed to have an effect. It was also found that economic motivation, scientific orientation, extension contact, and aspirations had significantly affected outcomes. Moreover, socio-economic consequences were associated with cohesiveness, management orientation, communication skills, and proximity to the market. Finally farming experience, innovativeness, and training acquired were significant factors in determining outcomes

Evaluation of mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen 6 by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Antigen 6, which is a 30 KDa protein purified by DEAE-Cellulose chromatography, was evaluated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for its sensitivity and specificity for antibody detection in sera from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Purified Protein Derivative (PPD) was used for comparison. Antigen 6 could detect 89% of bacteriologically confirmed cases and 32% of bacteriologically negative cases. However, 25% of the healthy volunteers also had positive antibody levels. Among the treated, inactive cases of tuberculosis 44% had higher antibodies. Thus, because of the low specificity and persisting antibody titres, Antigen 6 cannot be used in diagnostic or prognostic tests

Cell-mediated immunity in chyluria

Cellular immune response to mitogens phytohemaggluthin (PHA) and poke weed mitogen (PWM) was assessed in 13 patients with chyluria and 32 healthy controls. The mean stimulation Index of the patient group was significantly lower than the control group. The degree of depression was neither related to the duration of excretion of chyle nor to the microfilaraemic status

HLA-DR phenotypes and IgG, IgA and IgM antibody responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture filtrate and 30 kDa antigens in pulmonary tuberculosis

The role of HLA-DR genetic make-up on the IgG, IgA and IgM antibody response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture filtrate and 30 kDa antigens was studied in pulmonary tuberculosis. The study was carried out in HLA-DR typed active pulmonary tuberculosis (ATB) patients (n = 37), inactive (cured) pulmonary tuberculosis (ITB) patients (n = 79) and normal healthy subjects (NHS; n = 46). In ATB and ITB (cured) patients, IgG antibody (optical density at 490 nm for 1 : 3200 dilution) as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was the predominant one than IgA and IgM antibodies. Increased IgG antibody titre to culture filtrate (P = 0.03) and decreased titre to 30 kDa antigen were observed with HLA-DR1-positive ATB patients than non-DR1 (ATB) patients. Moreover, HLA-DR4- and HLA-DR6-positive ATB patients showed trends toward an increased IgG antibody response to 30 kDa antigen than HLA-DR4- and HLADR6- negative (ATB) patients respectively. Significantly increased IgA antibody to 30 kDa antigen was observed with HLA-DR1-positive ATB patients than non-DR1 patients (P = 0.03). The study suggests that multiple HLA-DR molecules may regulate the IgG and IgA antibody responses to various proteins of M. tuberculosis. Moreover, HLA-DR phenotypes and increased IgG and IgA antibody titres may be useful to differentiate M. tuberculosis-infected subjects from normal subjects and cured patients with the same HLA-DR phenotypes or genetic make-up

Multiple recurrences of tuberculosis in an HIV infected individual.

Correspondenc

Alterations in the leaf lipidome of \u3ci\u3eBrassica carinata\u3c/i\u3e under high-temperature stress

Background: Brassica carinata (A) Braun has recently gained increased attention across the world as a sustainable biofuel crop. B. carinata is grown as a summer crop in many regions where high temperature is a significant stress during the growing season. However, little research has been conducted to understand the mechanisms through which this crop responds to high temperatures. Understanding traits that improve the high-temperature adaption of this crop is essential for developing heat-tolerant varieties. This study investigated lipid remodeling in B. carinata in response to high-temperature stress. A commercial cultivar, Avanza 641, was grown under sunlit-controlled environmental conditions in Soil-Plant-Atmosphere-Research (SPAR) chambers under optimal temperature (OT; 23/ 15°C) conditions. At eight days after sowing, plants were exposed to one of the three temperature treatments [OT, high-temperature treatment-1 (HT-1; 33/25°C), and high-temperature treatment-2 (HT-2; 38/30°C)]. The temperature treatment period lasted until the final harvest at 84 days after sowing. Leaf samples were collected at 74 days after sowing to profile lipids using electrospray-ionization triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Results: Temperature treatment significantly affected the growth and development of Avanza 641. Both hightemperature treatments caused alterations in the leaf lipidome. The alterations were primarily manifested in terms of decreases in unsaturation levels of membrane lipids, which was a cumulative effect of lipid remodeling. The decline in unsaturation index was driven by (a) decreases in lipids that contain the highly unsaturated linolenic (18: 3) acid and (b) increases in lipids containing less unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic (18:1) and linoleic (18:2) acids and/or saturated fatty acids such as palmitic (16:0) acid. A third mechanism that likely contributed to lowering unsaturation levels, particularly for chloroplast membrane lipids, is a shift toward lipids made by the eukaryotic pathway and the channeling of eukaryotic pathway-derived glycerolipids that are composed of less unsaturated fatty acids into chloroplasts. Conclusions: The lipid alterations appear to be acclimation mechanisms to maintain optimal membrane fluidity under high-temperature conditions. The lipid-related mechanisms contributing to heat stress response as identified in this study could be utilized to develop biomarkers for heat tolerance and ultimately heat-tolerant varieties

Humoral immune response to filarial antigens in chyluria

Humoral immune parameters like total immunoglobulins and specific antibody levels in serum were studied in filarial chyluria patients. Mean serum IgG was significantly reduced in this group compared to normal controls, while IgA and IgM levels remained comparable to controls. Anti-filarial antibody titre as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay also was significantly reduced. However, the total and specific IgE antibody titre was similar to that of controls. Specific IgE contents of the patients’ sera could be related to their microfilaraemic status

Antimicrobial nature of specific compounds of Ampelomyces quisqualis identified from gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis and their mycoparasite nature against powdery mildew of grapes

Grapevine powdery mildew is the world's most important plant disease, and Ampelomyces frequently fight them. While it does not usually cause plant death, its major infections can result in significant production losses and severely impact wine quality. Fungicides are frequently used to control the disease, which can have long-term adverse effects on the ecosystem. As a result, alternative and environmentally friendly disease management approaches must be developed. The study aimed to reduce costly and toxic fungicide use by using Ampelomyces, a natural biofungicide, against various powdery mildew fungi. GC-MS analysis was also used to determine the antagonistic potential and efficacy of volatile organic chemicals produced by several Ampelomyces spp. against Erysiphe necator, which causes powdery mildew of grapes. The molecular characterization of A. quisqualis isolates based on using rDNA ITS region was also carried out and sequenced. GC-MS analysis identified various antimicrobial compounds, such as squalene (4.643%), octadecanoic acid (3.862%), tetradecanoic acid (3.600%), and 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z) (1.451%). The least abundant compounds were 2-Hexadecanol, 1-Tricosanol, and 2-propenyl ester, with percentages of 0.485, 0.519, and 0.560, respectively. These bioactive compounds revealed by GC-MS analysis in crude extracts of A. quisqualis had a stronger antifungal and antibacterial activity against E. necator. As a result, using A. quisqualis to control the powdery mildew of grapes significantly reduced pathogen growth and disease incidence

WOUND HEALING ACTIVITY OF JATROPHA TANJORENSIS LEAVES

Objective:  The term “wound” is defined as a disruption of normal anatomical structure. Therefore, “healing” is the complex and dynamic process that results in the restoration of anatomical continuity and function. Methods: Albino Wistar rats (150-180 g) of both sexes were selected. The experiment of Wound Healing Activity by Excision Wound Model and Incision Wound Model by the simple ointment B.P., reference standard drug (0.2% w/w nitrofurazone ointment), stigmasterol ointment (0.2% w/w), hexane, chloroform and methanol extract ointments of 3%, 4% and 5% w/w of leaves in Jatropha tanjorensis in simple ointment base (where 3g, 4g and 5 g of the extracts was incorporated in 100 g of simple ointment separately). Results: The time for wound closure to methanol extract ointment (5% w/w) and stigmasterol (0.2% w/w) was similar to that of standard drug, nitrofurazone ointment (0.2% w/w) 16±2 days in Excision Wound Model. The significant tensile strength at 3%: 4%: 5% w/w methanol extract ointments (p<0.001), followed by chloroform extract and hexane extract. Stigmasterol ointment at 0.2% w/w produced tensile strength comparable with Standard drug, nitrofurazone ointment (0.2% w/w) (p<0.001) in Incision Wound Model. Conclusion: Juice of the Jatropha plant and the pounded leaves are applied to wounds and refractory ulcers. The juice is very successfully used to treat scabies, eczema and ringworm. The present study proved that the leaves have wound healing activity.                  Peer Review History: Received 5 September  2018;   Revised 28 September; Accepted 12 October, Available online 15 November 2018 Academic Editor: Dr. Nuray Arı, Ankara University, Turkiye, [email protected] UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file:        Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.0/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. Mohamed Said Fathy Al-Refaey, University of Sadat City, Menofia, Egypt, [email protected] Prof. Dr. Hüsniye Kayalar, Ege University, Turkey, [email protected] Similar Articles: POTENTIAL OF SNAKEHEAD FISH (OPHIOCEPHALUS STRIATUS) IN ACCELERATING WOUND HEALING ENHANCEMENT OF WOUND HEALING BY TOPICAL APPLICATION OF EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR IN ANIMAL MODE