Clam culture

Bivalves such as oysters, mussels, clams and cockles are widely distributed both in the tropical and temperate waters. In recent years, they have emerged as a delicacy and luxury food items in Japan, USA and western Europe

Prospects for Oyster Culture in Kerala Backwaters

The oysters are highly esteemed sea foods in Japan, U.S.A. and Europe. It is stated that as early as the first century B.C., the Romans practised simple method of oyster culture by collecting oyster seed and growing them for food. In the world aquaculture production of 1,53,22,703 t in 1990, the molluscs accounted for 29,65.265 t forming 19.35%

Hybrid Compressed Hash Based Homomorphic AB Encryption Algorithm for Security of data in the Cloud Environment

Cloud computing is an emerging technology in the world of computing. It provides a convenient virtual environment for on-demand access to different type of services and computing resources such as applications, networks and storage space in an efficient way. The virtual environment is a massive compound structure in terms of accessibility that made easy in a compact way and familiar of functional components. The complexity in virtual environment generates several issues related to data storage, data security, authorization and authentication in cloud computing. With the size of the data, it becomes difficult to the cloud user to store large amounts of information in the remote cloud servers due to high computational cost, insecurity and costs high per hour proportional to the volume of information. In this paper, we propose compressed hash based encrypted model for the virtual environment. The aim of this paper is to store huge amount of data in the cloud environment in the form of compressed and encrypted data in a secure way

Saltwater pearl fisheries and pearl culture in India: An update

Recently. C. Ricbard Fassler (1991 a, 1991 b, 1992) gave an overview of pearl culture in the world and discussed both "opportunities and obstacles" for the development of pearl culture. While Japan still bolds the monopoly, China is fast catching up and several countries are producing pearls on commercial lines, mostly with Japanese collaboration, the notable being Australia, Frencb Polynesia, Indonesia, New Caledonia and Cook Islands, Fassler (1991 a) stated that thougb the Indians bave developed their own pearl industry, there is little publisbed information

Larval rearing, spat production and juvenile growth of the blood clam Anadara granosa

The blood clam A d r u gmtwsa spawned in the Shdl6lsh Hatchery Laboratory, Tuf icorin on two occasions. The fertilised eggs measured 50-60~in diameter, morula larvae developed in 3 4h m and the trochophorc stage was reached in 5 hrs. The straigb t hinge stage was attained in 20-26 hrs after fertilimtion and these larvae measured 8 3I~en ah and 65.5~h eight. Advanced umbo stage was reached on day 12 (size 155.3 x 140.5~) and on day 16, majority of the larvae were in pedivcliger stage with an average size of 182.7 x 162.9~. SettIement began on day 16 and majority of the larvae were set on day 18. The growth of the spat in the hatchery is described by the exponential equation L - 0.0002739 D - where L is length in mm and D. days. On day 59, tbe spat attained an average size of 2.42 x 1.70 mm. A total of 8090 spat were produced. During tha nursery rearing in the field, the seed clam attained 20 mm average length in the following 5 months. In India, A.grund~llsecd were grodwdfor the Arst time. The significance of this study forthe mass production of the blood clam seed in the bat~herya nd its relevma to undertake blood clam culture are highlighted

The ribbonfish resources

Che ribbonfishes are an important group of food fishes in India and their annual average production during 1971-*82 was estimated at 55,300 tonnes which formed 4.3% of the total marine fish landings and occupied 7th position. The studies indicate that various species of ribbonfishes constitute substantial fishery in the States of Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Maharashtra showing considerable variations in the species composition, season^ abundance and production trends

The clam resources

Che estuaries and backwaters along the coasts of India have immense clam resources which have been traditionally exploited by the coastal people. The clams form the basis of subsistence for the fishermen during seasons when sea fishing is at a low ebb and clam fishing is a regular activity in many coastal regions of Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka and Kerala on the west coast. Along the east coast, clam fishing is restricted to a few centres such as the Kakinada Bay although, here and there, they are collected for culinary purposes elsewhere. This is an activity where, besides men and women, children participate. Clam marketing is highly localised in centres of collection. Apart from introduction of improved clam-scooping devices, the fishing method of hand-picking has largely remained unchanged over the years

Prospects for development of oyster culture in India

Oysters occur all along the Indian coasts in backwaters, bays and estuaries forming subsistence fisheries. The meat is consumed locally and of late there is growing demand for it in some parts of the country. The shell is used in lime based industries. At present oyster culture is not practised in the country except for the experimental culture conducted by the CMFRI

Farming experiments and transfer of technology of bivalve culture along the southwest coast of India

The Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI) in India developed bivalve farming technologies in the 1970s. but these were not widely adopted at the time. In 1993, CMFRI undertook an action research program to encourage farming of edible oysters, mussels, clams and pearls along the southwest coast of India. Successful demonstration of the viability of bivalve farming led to the initiation of commercial farming of mussels and generated interest among farmers and entrepreneurs in developing production of pearls and farming of edible oysters. Given the high potential for mollusc aquacultu re, both for the local and export markets, issues such as demarcation and issuance of lease rights on aquaculture zones in public waterbodies by the government, organization of marketing systems and provisions for technical and fin ancial support to farmers need to be addressed