16 research outputs found
Validation of Pyrosequencing for the Analysis of KRAS Mutations in Colorectal Cancer
The use of antibodies against epidermal growth factor receptor( EGFR) in conjunction with conventionalchemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) in patients with KRAS wild-type tumors has beenproven to be efficacious. Recently, KRAS testing prior to anti-EGFR therapy has become mandatory formetastatic CRC patients. Although newly developed pyrosequencing is expected to be one of the highthroughput procedures detecting such mutations, the accuracy of the procedure has not been well evaluated.In the present study, we aimed to validate the accuracy, especially the potential for a false-negative result,in detecting KRAS mutations by pyrosequencing using cultured tumor cells. DNA extracted from culturedìNOZî gallbladder cancer cells( known to contain KRAS mutation G12V) at concentrations of 1%, 5%, 10%, and 25%, as well as 2 DNA samples extracted from a resected CRC specimen( known to contain anotherKRAS mutation, G12C) at concentrations of 5% and 25%, were prepared. We analyzed KRAS mutationalstatus and nonexistent and/or nonfunctional mutations of these 6 samples using pyrosequencing. TheKRAS mutation detection rates in the 4 NOZ samples( 1%, 5%, 10%, and 25%) were 0.37%, 2.79%, 5.28%,and 13.85%, respectively. Some artifacts of KRAS mutations unlikely to be present were detected in 1%samples of NOZ at a rate similar to that of the G12V mutation( G12C, 0.29%;G13C, 0.42%). Although theKRAS mutation G12C was detected at rates of 1.26% and 6.49% in samples with 5% and 25% DNA extractedfrom resected CRC specimen, respectively, no other type of KRAS mutation was detected in suchsamples. Pyrosequencing could not detect KRAS mutations correctly in the sample containing 1% DNA.This might cause false negatives. A sample mutated DNA concentration of at least 5% was necessary forprecise analyses by this procedure
Mild hypothermia promotes the viability of <i>in vitro-</i>produced bovine blastocysts and their transcriptional expression of the cold-inducible transcription factor <i>Rbm3</i> during <i>in vitro</i> culture
Cavinâ2 promotes fibroblastâtoâmyofibroblast transâdifferentiation and aggravates cardiac fibrosis
Abstract Aims Transforming growth factor ÎČ (TGFâÎČ) signalling is one of the critical pathways in fibroblast activation, and several drugs targeting the TGFâÎČ/Smad signalling pathway in heart failure with cardiac fibrosis are being tested in clinical trials. Some caveolins and cavins, which are components of caveolae on the plasma membrane, are known for their association with the regulation of TGFâÎČ signalling. Cavinâ2 is particularly abundant in fibroblasts; however, the detailed association between Cavinâ2 and cardiac fibrosis is still unclear. We tried to clarify the involvement and role of Cavinâ2 in fibroblasts and cardiac fibrosis. Methods and results To clarify the role of Cavinâ2 in cardiac fibrosis, we performed transverse aortic constriction (TAC) operations on four types of mice: wildâtype (WT), Cavinâ2 null (Cavinâ2 KO), Cavinâ2flox/flox, and activated fibroblastâspecific Cavinâ2 conditional knockout (PostnâCre/Cavinâ2flox/flox, Cavinâ2 cKO) mice. We collected mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from WT and Cavinâ2 KO mice and investigated the effect of Cavinâ2 in fibroblast transâdifferentiation into myofibroblasts and associated TGFâÎČ signalling. Four weeks after TAC, cardiac fibrotic areas in both the Cavinâ2 KO and the Cavinâ2 cKO mice were significantly decreased compared with each control group (WT 8.04 ± 1.58% vs. Cavinâ2 KO 0.40 ± 0.03%, P < 0.01; Cavinâ2flox/flox, 7.19 ± 0.50% vs. Cavinâ2 cKO 0.88 ± 0.44%, P < 0.01). Fibrosisâassociated mRNA expression (Col1a1, Ctgf, and Col3) was significantly attenuated in the Cavinâ2 KO mice after TAC. α1 type I collagen deposition and nonâvascular αSMAâpositive cells (WT 43.5 ± 2.4% vs. Cavinâ2 KO 25.4 ± 3.2%, P < 0.01) were reduced in the heart of the Cavinâ2 cKO mice after TAC operation. The levels of αSMA protein (0.36âfold, P < 0.05) and fibrosisâassociated mRNA expression (Col1a1, 0.69âfold, P < 0.01; Ctgf, 0.27âfold, P < 0.01; Col3, 0.60âfold, P < 0.01) were decreased in the Cavinâ2 KO MEFs compared with the WT MEFs. On the other hand, αSMA protein levels were higher in the Cavinâ2 overexpressed MEFs compared with the control MEFs (2.40âfold, P < 0.01). TGFâÎČ1âinduced Smad2 phosphorylation was attenuated in the Cavinâ2 KO MEFs compared with WT MEFs (0.60âfold, P < 0.01). Heat shock protein 90 protein levels were significantly reduced in the Cavinâ2 KO MEFs compared with the WT MEFs (0.69âfold, P < 0.01). Conclusions Cavinâ2 loss suppressed fibroblast transâdifferentiation into myofibroblasts through the TGFâÎČ/Smad signalling. The loss of Cavinâ2 in cardiac fibroblasts suppresses cardiac fibrosis and may maintain cardiac function
Hepatocellular carcinoma: evaluation of the effectiveness of percutaneous ethanol injection under real-time contrast-enhanced color doppler ultrasonography with contrast agent levovistTM
Nitrosyl hemoglobin in blood of normoxic and hypoxic sheep during nitric oxide inhalation
Small hepalocellular carcinoma treated with percutaneous radiofrequency ablation therapy: imaging-pathologic correlation
Recurrent malignant peritoneal mesothelioma treated by a second resection: A case report
Key Clinical Message Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma, a rare and poor prognosis disease, is seldom treated surgically, especially for recurrence. However, early diagnosis and aggressive treatment of primary and recurrent tumors can achieve longâterm patient survival. Abstract Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare and aggressive tumor, and rarely indicated for surgery, especially for recurrence. In the present case, we report a rare case who could survive longâterm after two surgeries in 4âyears for MPM