ポプラ二次師部における多室結晶細胞の壁の発達

Cell wall development of chambered crystalliferous cells in the secondary phloem of Populus euramericana is described. These cells were differentiated from parenchyma strands which contacted with phloem fiber groups. A crystal was formed in a vacuole surrounded by tonoplast in each chamber. Then, the secondary wall deposition of chambered crystalliferous cells began only at the part adjacent to phloem fibers forming a protruding fringe which encircled the crystal. When the vacuole disappeared, the crystal had been surrounded by the wall substance on all sides except that away from the fiber. The wall on the crystal surface was not formed by the growth of any protrusion of the secondary wall, but formed independently by the deposition of wall substance on the crystal surface. The secondary wall development was completed after filling up the space between the crystal-surface wall and the thickened side wall adjacent to phloem fiber with newly deposited wall. The crystal-surface wall must be deposited after the tonoplast surrounding the crystal is converted into the plasma membrane多室結晶細胞は分化中の師部繊維に接する柔細胞ストランドから分化した。結晶は最初液胞中に認められた。師部繊維が二次壁の堆積を始める頃, 結晶細胞壁の師部繊維側の部分で二次壁形成が始まり, 結晶を取巻くように壁の突出部が形成された。結晶を取囲む液胞が見えなくなると, 師部繊維と反対側の面を除きすべての結晶表面に壁の堆積が起こった。しかし, この壁は結晶細胞の壁の突出部が張出してきて結晶表面を被ったものではなかった。最後に結晶表面の壁と結晶細胞の師部繊維側に堆積した二次壁との間が, 新たに堆積してきた壁物質によって埋められ, 結晶は厚い細胞壁中に取込まれた状態となる。結晶表面の壁は, 結晶を取囲んでいた液胞膜が原形質膜に置換えられた後に形成されたものと考えられる

コウヨウジュトシンヨウジュノ ニジシブニオケルコウヘキサイボウノハッタツト サイボウヘキコウゾウニカンスルケンキュウ

京都大学0048新制・課程博士農学博士甲第2263号農博第302号新制||農||280(附属図書館)学位論文||S54||N1090(農学部図書室)6321UT51-54-P322京都大学大学院農学研究科林産工学専攻(主査)教授 原田 浩, 教授 島地 謙, 教授 中戸 莞二学位規則第5条第1項該当Kyoto UniversityDA

Treatment of Wood Pulp Fibers to Control Shrinkage Cracking in Concrete

Issued as final reportGeorgia Pacific Corporatio

ポプラの二次師部の構造

ポプラの二次師部の発達経過および二次師部中での師管と師部放射組織の形態変化, さらには師部繊維の分化と壁層構造について観察し, 次の結果を得た。(1) 二次師部の分化は師管・柔細胞群に始まり, その後師部繊維群と師管・柔胞群が交互に分化し, 最後に師管・柔細胞群を分化して生長を終える傾向があった。(2) 休止期の形成層帯の師部側に, 分裂を行なった後生長を止めている細胞が認められた。これらの細胞は次の年に師管・柔細胞群に分化してゆくと考えられる。(3) 成熟した師管においても師板付近には常に核が認められた。(4) 師部放射組織は二次師部中でさまざまな形態変化を生じた。特にdilationが顕著であった。ほとんどのsclereidは放射組織細胞起源で, 師部繊維群と交差する部分の細胞から変化する傾向が認められた。(5) 師部繊維群は次に形成された師管・柔細胞群によって形成層から分離されたのち, 侵入生長を行なうと考えられる。生長休止期までにはすべての師部繊維は内腔がほとんどなくなるほどに肥厚していた。crystaliferous strandの分化は師部繊維群の分化と同時にその周縁で起った。(6) 偏光顕微鏡で見ると師部繊維壁に内外二層が認められ, フィブリル傾角は内層が30° - 40°, 外層が60° - 70°であった。Development and differentiation of the secondary phloem and the morphological changes after maturation were studied in Populus euramericana GUINIER. Thin sections about 2 μ and 5 μ thick were taken from epoxy-embedded materials. The former sections were observed with Fujita's iodine staining method and the latter with safranin staining. 1) The secondary phloem developed in the alternate sequence from sieve tubes-parenchyma band (SP) to fibers band (F) (Photos 1, 2, 3, 4). Secondary phloem development usually began with SP differentiation and ended with SP differentiation. The number of fibers groups in a growth increment was variable, but there was a tendency that the first fibers group (F1) was wider and made a more continuous tangential band than later ones (F2, F3). Form these facts growth increments were distinguishable in the secondary phloem (Table 1). 2) In the dormant cambial zone, phloem cells which stopped further differentiation after an unequal cell division were observed (photo 5). It may be considered that these divided cells would differentiate into sieve elements and companion cells respectively, at the beggining of next spring. 3) Dense spherical nuclei were usually found in mature sieve elements, most frequently near the sieve plate, and they had different appearances from the nuclei in differentiating sieve elements (Photos 6, 7). In the dormant phloem the nuclei in mature sieve elments became swollen and dissolved (Photo 8). 4) Phloem rays changed their form considerably in different parts of the secondary phloem (Photos 7, 8, 9, 10). They dilated obviously in the outer part of the secondary phloem. Most of the sclereids originated from ray cells (Photos 10, 11). 5) After fiber primordia were separated from the cambium by the enlarging sieve tubes (Photo 2), they underwent intrusive elongation and matured within the growing season (Photo 3, 4). Phloem fibers groups were always surrounded by crystal-containing sclerified cells. 6) Phloem fiber walls were observed to be of two layers under the crossed nicols (Photo 10). The fibril angle of the inner layer measured by polarizing microscope was 30°to 40°, and that of the outer layer was 60°to 70° in the opposite direction to the inner layer

Status reports to the Paper Physics Project Advisory Committee

"March 26, 1997."Fundamentals of acoustic radiation pressure: status report for project F008 / Pierre Brodeur , Joe Gerhardstein ; Fundamentals of dimensional stability: status report for project E00102/F020 / Douglas W. Coffin , Barry Hojjatie , Kennisha Collins ; Micromechanics of converting operations: status report for project F023 / Martin Ostoja-Starzewski , Marco B. Quadrelli ; Fundamentals of refining and fiber properties: status report for project F024 / John Waterhouse , Hiroki Nanko ; On-line measurement of paper properties: status report for project F007 / Maclin Hall , Ted Jackson , Andy Brown -- Slide Material

Slide materials, Paper Physics

"October 28, 1998."On-line measurement of paper properties: project F007 / Mac Hall , Ted Jackson , Andy Brown ; Fundamentals of accelerated creep / Douglas Coffin , Chuck Habeger ; Improving the refining of chemical pulps: project F024 / John F. Waterhouse , Hiroki Nanko , Miranda Bliss ; Fundamentals of interfiber bonding: project F025 / Hiroki Nanko , Shaobo Pan

Status reports to the Papermaking Project Advisory Committee

"March 25, 1997."v. 1. Project F005. Headbox and forming hydrodynamics, status report / Cyrus K. Aidun, Xiao-Liang Ye, Paul McKay ; Project F003. Fundamentals of coating systems / Cyrus K. Aidun ; Project F002. Fundamentals of web heating, status report / Timothy F. Patterson, Isaak Rudman, Jon Iwamasa -- v. 2. Project F006. Air-sheet interactions / Xiaodong Wang ; F004. Approach flow systems / Xiaodong Wang ; Project F001. Fundamentals of drying / David I. Orloff ... [et al.] -- Slide book

Status reports to the Papermaking Project Advisory Committee, March 8-9, 2000

"March 8-9, 2000."Approach flow systems: project F048 / Ted Heindel, Aklilu Giorges ; Flow thru porous media: project F022 / Seppo Karrila ... [et al.] ; Fluid dynamics of suspensions: project F003 / Cyrus K. Aidun, E-Jiang Ding ; Fundamentals of headbox and forming hydrodynamics: project F005 / Cyrus K. Aidun, Paul McKay ; Overcoming the fundamental water removal limitations of conventional wet pressing: project F039 / Timothy Patterson, Isaak Rudman, Daniela Edelkind ; Removing limitations on dwell time of wet-presses, impulse dryers, and displacement dewatering: project F040 / Paul Phelan ... [et al.] ; Extending high intensity water removal principles into the dryer sections: project F041 / Fred Ahrens ... [et al.] ; Drying productivity: project F021 / Fred Ahrens ... [et al.]. -- Slide book

Status reports to the Paper Physics Project Advisory Committee

"March 24, 1998."Fundamentals of acoustic radiation pressure: status report for project F008 / Pierre Brodeur , Joe Gerhardstein ; Fundamentals of dimensional stability: status report for project E00102/F020 / Douglas W. Coffin , Barry Hojjatie , Kennisha Collins ; Micromechanics of converting operations: status report for project F023 / Martin Ostoja-Starzewski , Marco B. Quadrelli ; Fundamentals of refining and fiber properties: status report for project F024 / John Waterhouse , Hiroki Nanko ; On-line measurement of paper properties: status report for project F007 / Maclin Hall , Ted Jackson , Andy Brown -- Slide Material