84 research outputs found
Studies on Cured Roe Products of Alaska Polack, Theragra chalcogramma (Pallas), with reference to so-called âMizuko, Gamuko, and Murasakikoâ
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ã«ååšãããã¢ã°ããã³ã®ã¡ãåã«ãããšèãããã.Histological and chemical investigations on the cured Alaska pollack roe have been carried out with the purpose of explaining the low quality of its production. The results obtained are as follows.
1) Histological observations have been made on roe, with particular regard to the so-called "Mizuko" and "Gamuko". In the "Mizuko" a fairly amount of mature eggs were found, while the "Gamuko", however, contained eggs of an early developmental stage and of the degenerating stage. The normal product "Tarako" contained immature eggs corresponding to the yolk globular stage.
2) The difference in color of the roe before the process was probable due to the difference of the natural carotenoid content in both the oil globule and in the lipoprotein of egg.
3) It was ascertained that the "Murasakiko" was due to an occurrence of methemoglobin in roe
è¹é±åµã®çååŠçç 究 : II åµèçœè³ªäžã®çæ°Žåç©ã«ã€ããŠ
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åäžè©Šæäžã«ååšãããããœãŒã¹,ãã³ããŒã¹ã®å®éæ¹æ³ã«ã€ããŠæ€èšãã.(1) The component I which is a lipoprotein isolated from immature egg of rainbow trout contained hexose, hexosamine, and sialic acid as the carbohydrate constituent, Mannose predominated over galactose and glucose. The carbohydrate content of the component 1 was lower than that of lipovitellin of hen's egg.
(2) The component I1 contained both hexose and pentose. It is suggested that the substance is a kind of glycoprotein similar to livetin of hen's egg yolk.
(3) The method for simultaneous determination of hexose and pentose was discussed
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žãåŸãŠããªã°ãªã»ã©ã€ããååæãïŒã¬ã·ãã³ã¯ãªãŸã¬ã·ãã³ã«å€ãããšèãããIn the three stages of development of the rainbow trout, the lipid composition of the oil globule and of the lipoprotein of the yolk globule was investigated.
1) A variation of the lipid class composition in the oil globule was not observed in the course of the development, while the fatty acid composition was slightly altered.
2) In a later developmental stage, lysolecithin and NEFA appeared with the degradation of lecithin bound to the lipoprotein.
3) On analyses of the fatty acid, it was shown that polyunsaturated acid spreads in triglyceride more than in phospholipid. In NEFA, palmitic, palmitoleic and oleic acids were rich in the latter developmental stage, while docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids were poor. A selective consumption of the polyunsaturated fatty acid was also observed.
4) A certain enzymatic action seemed to affect a transesterification between triglyceride and phospholipid within lipoprotein
Presence of Carotenoid-protein Complex in certain Invertebrates
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1) ã¢ã«ãã¬ãç²æ®»ããåŸãèµ€ãè²çŽ ã¯455nmã«åžåããã¡,ã¢ã¹ã¿ããµã³ãã³ä»ãè£æ¬ ååæãšããã«ããããããã€ã³ã§ãããå ç±ãããšåžå極倧ã¯475nmã«ç§»ã,é»æ°æ³³åæå床ãæžå°ããã
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3) ã€ããããããã®è¡šç®ã®èµ€ãéšåãšéãéšåããæœåºããè²çŽ ã¯æ°çš®ã®ã«ããããããã€ã³ã®æ··åç©ã§ãã£ãŠ,èµ€ãè¡šç®ããåŸããã®ã¯400ãš600nmã«æ倧åžåãæã,éãè¡šç®ããåŸããã®ã¯400pnmã«å€§ããªåžåããã¡,ä»ã«475,515,600,640nmã«ãå°ããªåžåãèªãããããããããã®è²çŽ ãå ç±ãããš,æ倧åžåã¯465nmã«ç§»ã,é»æ°æ³³åçã«ãåäžã®æåãšãªã£ããè£æ¬ ååæã«ãããã€ããšããŠã¢ã¹ã¿ããµã³ãã³ã®ä»ã«æªåå®ã®2æåã®ããµã³ããã£ã«ãèªãããCarotenoid-protein complexes were extracted with 0.6 M ammonium sulfate from the exoskeleton of crab, Sesarma haematocheir, from the epidermis of starfish, Asterina spectinitera, and from the ovaries of sea urchin, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus. These pigmented proteins were salted out by ammonium sulfate fractionation. The absorption spectra at visual region, the electrophoretic behavior on a cellulose acetate film, and the prosthetic group carotenoid composition of the proteins were determined successively.
The results are as follows.
1) A faint red protein of the crab exoakeleton was determined as a carotenoprotein having an absorption maximum in visual region at 455 nm in phosphate buffer pH 7.3. Heated at 100°C for 10 min., it yielded a shift of the absorption maximum to 475 nm accompanied by a decrease in electrophoretic mobility. Carotenoid analysis by silicagel thin-layer chromatography showed the presence of astaxanthin and another xanthophyll component as the prosthetic group of the carotenoprotein.
2) The pigment obtained from the sea urchin ovaries was a kind of lipoprotein with yellow color. The absorption spectrum of the carotenoid-lipoprotein complex was similar to that of the acetone extract from the ovaries. While the heating caused a decrease of electrophoretic mobility of the lipoprotein, the color and absorption maxima remained unchanged. The carotenoid composition of the pigment somewhat resembled that of the whole extract with acetone from the ovaries.
3) In the starfish, the pigmented protein was separately extracted from the blue and the red parts of epidermis. The carotenoproteins extracted from both parts were a mixture of various pigmented carotenoproteins. The carotenoproteins in the red epidermis showed the absorption maxima at 400 and 600 nm. And those extracted from the blue epidermis showed absorption maxima at 400, 600, 640 nm with small peaks at 475, 515 nm. However, after heating these carotenoprotein became undifferentiated in absorption spectra and electrophoretic behavior. Carotenoid analysis showed the presence of astaxanthin and two other unidentified xanthophylls as the prosthetic group of these carotenoproteins
è¹é±åµã®çååŠçç 究 : I. èçœè³ªã®é»æ°æ³³åçç 究
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ãäžæåã®èçœè³ªã®ãã¡æãå°ãªãæåã¯çªçŽ 14.3% ïŒ ãªã³8.2% ãå«ã¿ïŒ ãªã³å«æéã®å€ãããšãšæ°Žæº¶æ§èçœè³ªã§ããããšã§åäºè
ã®èçœè³ªãšã¯ç°ãªã.ãã®èçœè³ªã¯é¶åµã®ãã©ã¹ããã³æ§ã®ãªã³èçœè³ªãšèãã.ãThe nature of protein in the immature egg yolk of rainbow trout was investigated. There exist three components in the proportion of 84.0, 11.6, and 4.4 per cent in the yolk.
ãAmong these three components the principal one, component I, was a kind of lipoprotein. It contained 11.9 per cent of nitrogen, 0.5 per cent of phosphorus, a little carbohydrate, and 22.8 per cent of lipid of which some 50 per cent was phospholipid.It is noteworthy that this lipoprotein-like substance was deficient in carotenoid pigment.
ãThe component 11 was an unidentified protein composed of 12.7 per cent of nitrogen and less than 0.1 per cent of phosphorus.
ãThe component Ill was a phosphoprotein soluble in water. It contained 8.2 per cent of phosphorus and 14.3 per cent of nitrogen
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¢ã§ããã,ãªãèçœè³ªã®è質ã®æžå°ã¯èãã,æ²¹çããå©çšåºŠã®é«ãããšãèªãã.The analysis of rainbow trout yolk during the development was made on the moisture, lipid, protein, and non-proteic nitrogen concurrently occurred in the yolk sac before consumption by the embryo. The electrophoretic analysis of the protein showed three components distributed there in the ratio of about 83:11:6, decreasing with the same ratio through all the developmental stages, although a change of the lipid content in the lipoprotein after hatching was observed.
The lipid of lipoprotein rapidly decreased and was consumed preferentially to the oil globule
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žçµæã¯æªå粟åµãšå粟åŸ42æ¥ç®ã®ãã®ã§ã¯æ®ã©å€åã¯èªããããªãã£ã.The yolk proteins obtained from various stages of embryogenesis of rainbow trout were analyzed in order to determine their chemical and physical properties.
1. The yolk protein gradually changed its physical and chemical properties with the progressing of the embryogenesis. The increase of molecular size of the lipoprotein was observed in the gel filtration. It was suggested that the lipoprotein molecule was rearranged in the yolk sac after a partial degradation by embryo.
2. The amino acid composition of the rainbow trout egg lipoprotein was somewhat similar to that of lipovitellin, although the high value of alanine and the low content of serine, cystine, and tryptophane were characteristic for the former.
3. A decrease in the ratio of several amino acids in the lipoprotein was found from the 42nd-day after fertilization.
4. The amino acid composition of glycoprotein in both the unfertilized egg and 42nd-day yolk were similar to each other. Therefore the glycoprotein catabolized without consumption of specific amino acid
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3) ã³ã€è¡æŒ¿ãªãèçœè³ªã®é»æ°æ³³åçå€åçŸè±¡ã®äžå ãšããŠ,è£æ¬ ååæåã¯éæ¬ç©ãšããŠã®è質ã®çµæã®ã¡ãããèãããããCarp plasma lipoprotein was, in vitro, examined for the influences of lipid on electrophoretic behavior. The results obtained are as follows.
l) Plasma lipoproteins were combined with several kinds of lipid of different degrees. Their mobility changed under the influence of additional lipids, especially unsaturated fatty acids.
2) The additional lipids were preferentially accepted by carp plasma albumin which is a sort of lipoprotein, and consequently changed its mobility.
3) The difference of lipid composition in plasma lipoprotein as being the prosthetic group or the transported substance probably revealed the electrophoretic polymorphism of lipoprotein
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Acanthephyra quadrispinosaåã³Sergestes prehensilisã®ç²æ®»ããã«ãããã€ããå«ãè²çŽ èçœè³ªãåé¢ããã,ãã®èçœè³ªã¯éçã«ã¿ãŠ,è²çŽ ãšããŠã®äœçšãããã«ãããã€ãéæ¬ã®ãããªçååŠçãªæ©èœãæããšèãããããThin-layer chromatographic procedure using silicagel was employed for the examination of the carotenoids of five species of crustacean. The carotenoids were separated in about 10 components in all species analyzed on a thin-layer plate. Besides astaxanthin and its esters, several xanthophylls were also detected. The small amounts of carotenoid-containing protein were obtained from the exoskeleton of Acanthephyra quadrispinosa and Sergestes prehensilis. It seems likely that the pigmented protein has more biochemical than pigmentary significance.This research was partly supported by the Scientific Research Fund from the Ministry of Education, Japan
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±åã«ãããã®ãšèå¯ãã.1. The blue and the purple carotenoproteins with absorption maxima at 655 and 615 mµ in 0.05 M phosphate buffer at pH 7.3 were obtained from the exoskeleton of the freshwater crayfish (Cambarus clarkii). Besides the above carotenoproteins, the red carotenoprotein which revealed a weak absorption around 475 mµ in visual region was separated in the exoskeleton.
2. Three kinds of carotenoproteins were distributed in various colored exoskeleton in different proportions. In the claws and limbs, the red carotenoprotein was found in somewhat larger degree than in the bluish carapace.
3. A fair amount of carotenoid-pigment remained in the exoskeleton after extraction by aqueous solution. This suggested the coexistence of carotenoproteins and unbound carotenoids in the pigmented exoskeleton
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