84 research outputs found

    Studies on Cured Roe Products of Alaska Polack, Theragra chalcogramma (Pallas), with reference to so-called “Mizuko, Gamuko, and Murasakiko”

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    タラコ補造の際に生じる商品䟡倀の悪い,所謂ミズコ,ガムコおよびムラサキコに぀いお,組織孊的,化孊的分析を行い以䞋の結果を埗た. 1) ミズコ,ガムコずなる可胜性のある卵巣を組織孊的に芳察した結果,前者はかなり成熟した卵を倚く含んでおり,埌者には未成熟な段階の卵ず厩壊吞収期のものが倚く認められた. 2) 生の卵巣の色のちがいは,油球ずリポ蛋癜質に含たれるカロチノむド含量の差によるもので,ムラサキコ成因ずは無関係である. 3) ムラサキコの原因は,卵巣内に存圚するヘモグロビンのメト化によるず考えられる.Histological and chemical investigations on the cured Alaska pollack roe have been carried out with the purpose of explaining the low quality of its production. The results obtained are as follows. 1) Histological observations have been made on roe, with particular regard to the so-called "Mizuko" and "Gamuko". In the "Mizuko" a fairly amount of mature eggs were found, while the "Gamuko", however, contained eggs of an early developmental stage and of the degenerating stage. The normal product "Tarako" contained immature eggs corresponding to the yolk globular stage. 2) The difference in color of the roe before the process was probable due to the difference of the natural carotenoid content in both the oil globule and in the lipoprotein of egg. 3) It was ascertained that the "Murasakiko" was due to an occurrence of methemoglobin in roe

    虹鱒卵の生化孊的研究 : II 卵蛋癜質䞭の炭氎化物に぀いお

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    虹鱒未成熟卵から分離したリポ蛋癜質,コンポネントI,にヘキ゜ヌス,ヘキ゜サミン,シアル酞の存圚するこずを認めた.ヘキ゜ヌス䞭マンノヌスが最も倚く,他にガラクトヌス,グルコヌスが存圚する.このリポ蛋癜質の炭氎化物含量は鶏卵リポビテリンより䜎い倀を瀺した. コンポネントIIはペントヌス,ヘキ゜ヌスを含み,鶏卵のリベチン類䌌の䞀皮の糖蛋癜質であろうず考える. 同䞀詊料䞭に存圚するヘキ゜ヌス,ペントヌスの定量方法に぀いお怜蚎した.(1) The component I which is a lipoprotein isolated from immature egg of rainbow trout contained hexose, hexosamine, and sialic acid as the carbohydrate constituent, Mannose predominated over galactose and glucose. The carbohydrate content of the component 1 was lower than that of lipovitellin of hen's egg. (2) The component I1 contained both hexose and pentose. It is suggested that the substance is a kind of glycoprotein similar to livetin of hen's egg yolk. (3) The method for simultaneous determination of hexose and pentose was discussed

    虹鱒卵の生化孊的研究 : VI. 胚発生過皋における脂質の倉化

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    未受粟卵孵化盎埌さい嚢吞収前の䞉段階の卵黄に含たれる脂質を油球および卵黄球リボ蛋癜質にわけおそれぞれの組成をしらべた。たたin vitroの実隓から卵黄球リポ蛋癜質の脂質の胚ぞの吞収経路を掚定した。 1) 他球の脂質組成には発生過皋䞭に著しい倉化は無いが脂肪酞組成にはわずかながら18:118:2酞増加ず16:020:522:6酞の枛少がみられた。 2) 卵黄球リポ蛋癜質の脂質に50%近く含たれるリン脂質は発生ず共に枛少しリゟレシチンず非゚ステル脂肪酞の割合が増加した。 3) リポ蛋癜質のトリグリセラむドずリン脂質の脂肪酞組成は互いに異なり特に前者に䞍飜和脂肪酞が倚い。たた非゚ステル脂肪酞は発生にしたがい絶察量が増加し未受粟卵に倚い22:620:5酞が枛少したのに察し16:016:118:1酞が増加した。これによっお発生の進むず共に卵黄の高床䞍飜和脂肪酞が遞択的に胚に吞収されるこずを認めた。 4) 卵黄球の脂質はある酵玠によりトリグリセラむドが分解され脂肪酞が遊離される。これは非゚ステル脂肪酞ずしおリポ蛋癜質内に蓄積された埌胚ぞず移行する。䞀方生じたモノたたはゞグリセラむドはレシチンから脂肪酞を埗おトリグリセラむドを再合成しレシチンはリゟレシチンに倉ずるず考える。In the three stages of development of the rainbow trout, the lipid composition of the oil globule and of the lipoprotein of the yolk globule was investigated. 1) A variation of the lipid class composition in the oil globule was not observed in the course of the development, while the fatty acid composition was slightly altered. 2) In a later developmental stage, lysolecithin and NEFA appeared with the degradation of lecithin bound to the lipoprotein. 3) On analyses of the fatty acid, it was shown that polyunsaturated acid spreads in triglyceride more than in phospholipid. In NEFA, palmitic, palmitoleic and oleic acids were rich in the latter developmental stage, while docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids were poor. A selective consumption of the polyunsaturated fatty acid was also observed. 4) A certain enzymatic action seemed to affect a transesterification between triglyceride and phospholipid within lipoprotein

    Presence of Carotenoid-protein Complex in certain Invertebrates

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    3皮の無脊怎動物のカロチノむド蛋癜質耇合䜓を抜出し,吞収スペクトル,セルロヌスアセテヌト電気泳動,補欠分子族カロチノむドの分析を行った。又,加熱前埌の物理化孊的性状の倉化を調べた。 1) アカテガニ甲殻から埗た赀い色玠は455nmに吞収をもち,アスタキサンチン他を補欠分子族ずするカロチノプロテむンである。加熱するず吞収極倧は475nmに移り,電気泳動易動床も枛少した。 2) バフンりニ卵巣の色玠は黄色のカロチノむドリポ蛋癜質耇合䜓であっお,加熱するず電気泳動易動床の枛少がみられたが,最倧吞収波長には倧きな倉化は認められなかった。カロチノむドの組成は,卵巣のカロチノむド組成にほが等しく,゚キネノンの他に数成分のカロチノむドが認められた。 3) むトマキヒトデの衚皮の赀い郚分ず青い郚分から抜出した色玠は数皮のカロチノプロテむンの混合物であっお,赀い衚皮から埗たものは400ず600nmに最倧吞収を有し,青い衚皮から埗たものは400pnmに倧きな吞収をもち,他に475,515,600,640nmにも小さな吞収が認められた。それぞれの色玠を加熱するず,最倧吞収は465nmに移り,電気泳動的にも単䞀の成分ずなった。補欠分子族カロチノむドずしおアスタキサンチンの他に未同定の2成分のキサントフィルを認めた。Carotenoid-protein complexes were extracted with 0.6 M ammonium sulfate from the exoskeleton of crab, Sesarma haematocheir, from the epidermis of starfish, Asterina spectinitera, and from the ovaries of sea urchin, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus. These pigmented proteins were salted out by ammonium sulfate fractionation. The absorption spectra at visual region, the electrophoretic behavior on a cellulose acetate film, and the prosthetic group carotenoid composition of the proteins were determined successively. The results are as follows. 1) A faint red protein of the crab exoakeleton was determined as a carotenoprotein having an absorption maximum in visual region at 455 nm in phosphate buffer pH 7.3. Heated at 100°C for 10 min., it yielded a shift of the absorption maximum to 475 nm accompanied by a decrease in electrophoretic mobility. Carotenoid analysis by silicagel thin-layer chromatography showed the presence of astaxanthin and another xanthophyll component as the prosthetic group of the carotenoprotein. 2) The pigment obtained from the sea urchin ovaries was a kind of lipoprotein with yellow color. The absorption spectrum of the carotenoid-lipoprotein complex was similar to that of the acetone extract from the ovaries. While the heating caused a decrease of electrophoretic mobility of the lipoprotein, the color and absorption maxima remained unchanged. The carotenoid composition of the pigment somewhat resembled that of the whole extract with acetone from the ovaries. 3) In the starfish, the pigmented protein was separately extracted from the blue and the red parts of epidermis. The carotenoproteins extracted from both parts were a mixture of various pigmented carotenoproteins. The carotenoproteins in the red epidermis showed the absorption maxima at 400 and 600 nm. And those extracted from the blue epidermis showed absorption maxima at 400, 600, 640 nm with small peaks at 475, 515 nm. However, after heating these carotenoprotein became undifferentiated in absorption spectra and electrophoretic behavior. Carotenoid analysis showed the presence of astaxanthin and two other unidentified xanthophylls as the prosthetic group of these carotenoproteins

    虹鱒卵の生化孊的研究 : I. 蛋癜質の電気泳動的研究

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     虹鱒卵の卵黄圢成埌期の未成熟卵の内容物の分析を行った結果ほずんどが蛋癜質であるこずを明らかにした.蛋癜質の䞻なる成分は電気泳動的に䞉぀ありそれぞれは84.0%. 11. 6% 4.4% の割で存圚する.  䞻成分の蛋癜質のうち84.0% を占める成分は窒玠含量11. 9% リン含量0.5%脂質含量22.8%および少量の炭氎化物を含むリポ蛋癜質である.脂質のうちの50% はりン脂質である.この成分は鶏卵のリポピテリンず同様の蛋癜質ず考えるがカロチノむドを含たない点でそれずは異っおいる. 11. 6%を占める蛋癜質は窒玠含量12.7%  リン含量0.1% 以䞋で リン含量の少ないのが特城的である.  䞉成分の蛋癜質のうち最も少ない成分は窒玠14.3%  リン8.2% を含み リン含有量の倚いこずず氎溶性蛋癜質であるこずで前二者の蛋癜質ずは異なる.この蛋癜質は鶏卵のフォスピチン様のリン蛋癜質ず考える. The nature of protein in the immature egg yolk of rainbow trout was investigated. There exist three components in the proportion of 84.0, 11.6, and 4.4 per cent in the yolk.  Among these three components the principal one, component I, was a kind of lipoprotein. It contained 11.9 per cent of nitrogen, 0.5 per cent of phosphorus, a little carbohydrate, and 22.8 per cent of lipid of which some 50 per cent was phospholipid.It is noteworthy that this lipoprotein-like substance was deficient in carotenoid pigment.  The component 11 was an unidentified protein composed of 12.7 per cent of nitrogen and less than 0.1 per cent of phosphorus.  The component Ill was a phosphoprotein soluble in water. It contained 8.2 per cent of phosphorus and 14.3 per cent of nitrogen

    虹鱒卵の生化孊的研究 : IV. 胚発生過皋における卵内容物の倉化

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    虹鱒卵の未受粟期から受粟埌45日迄の各発生段階における氎分,脂質,蛋癜質および非蛋癜質成分に぀いお分析を行った. 卵黄内容物は䞻ずしお孵化埌に倧きく倉化する.蛋癜質は分解され利甚されるたで非蛋癜態窒玠化合物ずしお貯えられる.卵黄蛋癜質の電気泳動的芳察では,䞉成分の蛋癜質は党発生過皋を通じ玄83:11:6の割合を瀺し,著しい倉化は認められなかったこずから,これらの蛋癜質は均等に分解されおゆくず考えられる. 孵化埌䞀時的にリポ蛋癜質の脂質郚分が蛋癜質郚分より遞択的に分解・利甚される時期のあるこずを認めた. 油球の枛少は党発生期間を通じ緩慢であるが,リポ蛋癜質の脂質の枛少は著しく,油球より利甚床の高いこずを認めた.The analysis of rainbow trout yolk during the development was made on the moisture, lipid, protein, and non-proteic nitrogen concurrently occurred in the yolk sac before consumption by the embryo. The electrophoretic analysis of the protein showed three components distributed there in the ratio of about 83:11:6, decreasing with the same ratio through all the developmental stages, although a change of the lipid content in the lipoprotein after hatching was observed. The lipid of lipoprotein rapidly decreased and was consumed preferentially to the oil globule

    虹鱒卵の生化孊的研究 : V. 胚発生過皋における卵黄蛋癜質の倉化

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    未成熟卵,未受粟卵,29日目および42日目の卵黄蛋癜質の性状を分析し,以䞋の結果を埗た. 1. 卵黄蛋癜質は胚発生が進むに埓っお物理的,化孊的性状が倉化する.特に受粟埌42日目に分子量の倧きいリポ蛋癜質の生ずるこずを認めた.これはリポ蛋癜質が郚分的に分解された埌再構成される為ず考える. 2. 虹鱒卵のリポ蛋癜質のアミノ酞組成はアラニン含量が高く,セリン,シスチン,トリプトファンが䜎いこずを陀けば倧䜓リポビテリンず䌌た組成を瀺した. 3. 受粟埌42日目のリポ蛋癜質のアミノ酞のうちいく぀かのものの比率が枛少するこずを認めた.これは特異なアミノ酞が遞択的に胚発生に利甚されおいるず考える. 4. 卵黄の糖蛋癜質のアミノ酞組成は未受粟卵ず受粟埌42日目のものでは殆ど倉化は認められなかった.The yolk proteins obtained from various stages of embryogenesis of rainbow trout were analyzed in order to determine their chemical and physical properties. 1. The yolk protein gradually changed its physical and chemical properties with the progressing of the embryogenesis. The increase of molecular size of the lipoprotein was observed in the gel filtration. It was suggested that the lipoprotein molecule was rearranged in the yolk sac after a partial degradation by embryo. 2. The amino acid composition of the rainbow trout egg lipoprotein was somewhat similar to that of lipovitellin, although the high value of alanine and the low content of serine, cystine, and tryptophane were characteristic for the former. 3. A decrease in the ratio of several amino acids in the lipoprotein was found from the 42nd-day after fertilization. 4. The amino acid composition of glycoprotein in both the unfertilized egg and 42nd-day yolk were similar to each other. Therefore the glycoprotein catabolized without consumption of specific amino acid

    コむ血挿リポ蛋癜質の電気泳動的挙動に及がす脂質の圱響

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    コむ血挿リポ蛋癜質の電気泳動的挙動に及がす脂質の圱響をin vitroで怜蚎し,以䞋の結果を埗た。 1) 血挿リポ蛋癜質は添加した脂質を取り蟌み,易動床が倉化する。リポ蛋癜質の脂質ずの結合量および易動床の倉化は添加した脂質の皮類により異なる。易動床を倉化させる脂質ずしお脂肪酞が最も圱響が倧きく,そのうち特に䞍飜和脂肪酞が効果的であり,易動床の著しい増加ずリポ蛋癜質のサブバンドを生じる。 2) コむ血挿アルブミンはリポ蛋癜質の䞀皮であり,添加した脂質を優先的に取り蟌み,その易動床の増加は著しい。 3) コむ血挿リポ蛋癜質の電気泳動的倚型珟象の䞀因ずしお,補欠分子族又は運搬物ずしおの脂質の組成のちがいが考えられる。Carp plasma lipoprotein was, in vitro, examined for the influences of lipid on electrophoretic behavior. The results obtained are as follows. l) Plasma lipoproteins were combined with several kinds of lipid of different degrees. Their mobility changed under the influence of additional lipids, especially unsaturated fatty acids. 2) The additional lipids were preferentially accepted by carp plasma albumin which is a sort of lipoprotein, and consequently changed its mobility. 3) The difference of lipid composition in plasma lipoprotein as being the prosthetic group or the transported substance probably revealed the electrophoretic polymorphism of lipoprotein

    盞暡湟,駿河湟産甲殻類のカロチノプロテむン及びカロチノむド

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    盞暡湟,駿河湟産の5皮類の甲殻類に぀いおカロチノむド,及びそのうちの2皮類に぀いお甲殻の色玠蛋癜質の分析を行った。党おの甲殻類のカロチノむドは薄局クロマトグラフィヌで玄10成分に分離し,そのうちアスタキサンチン,アスタキサンチン゚ステル,及び未同定のキサントフィルが䞻成分であった。 Acanthephyra quadrispinosa及びSergestes prehensilisの甲殻からカロチノむドを含む色玠蛋癜質を分離したが,この蛋癜質は量的にみお,色玠ずしおの䜜甚よりもカロチノむド運搬のような生化孊的な機胜を果すず考えられる。Thin-layer chromatographic procedure using silicagel was employed for the examination of the carotenoids of five species of crustacean. The carotenoids were separated in about 10 components in all species analyzed on a thin-layer plate. Besides astaxanthin and its esters, several xanthophylls were also detected. The small amounts of carotenoid-containing protein were obtained from the exoskeleton of Acanthephyra quadrispinosa and Sergestes prehensilis. It seems likely that the pigmented protein has more biochemical than pigmentary significance.This research was partly supported by the Scientific Research Fund from the Ministry of Education, Japan

    氎産動物のカロチノプロテむンに関する研究 : I. アメリカザリガニ甲殻におけるカロチノプロテむンの分垃

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    1. 0.6M硫安を甚いおアメリカザリガニ甲殻より赀玫青の䞉皮のカロチノプロテむン(以䞋CPず略蚘)を埗た.粟補埌の可芖郚の最倧吞収波長は玫CP615mΌ青CP655mΌであった赀CPの最倧吞収は前二者に比范しお䞍明瞭であるが475mΌ付近にわずかな吞収を瀺した. 2. 甲殻における䞉穫のCPの分垃は郚分によっお異なり尟郚頭胞郚等の青い甲殻は青CP及び玫CPを倚く含み赀い甲殻では赀CPの占める割合が青い甲殻よりも倧きいこずを明らかにした. 3. CPを硫安氎溶液で抜出埌なお赀い色が甲殻に残るこずから甲殻の色はCPのみによるものではなく非結合型のカロチノむドずCPずの共存によるものず考察した.1. The blue and the purple carotenoproteins with absorption maxima at 655 and 615 mµ in 0.05 M phosphate buffer at pH 7.3 were obtained from the exoskeleton of the freshwater crayfish (Cambarus clarkii). Besides the above carotenoproteins, the red carotenoprotein which revealed a weak absorption around 475 mµ in visual region was separated in the exoskeleton. 2. Three kinds of carotenoproteins were distributed in various colored exoskeleton in different proportions. In the claws and limbs, the red carotenoprotein was found in somewhat larger degree than in the bluish carapace. 3. A fair amount of carotenoid-pigment remained in the exoskeleton after extraction by aqueous solution. This suggested the coexistence of carotenoproteins and unbound carotenoids in the pigmented exoskeleton
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