THE CORRELATION BETWEEN FAMILY SUPPORT WITH MEDICATION ADHERENCE LEVEL OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS CLIENTS

Introduction: Tuberculosis is a major public health problem in Indonesia. In 2013, there are 700.000 cases and 27 deaths in 100.000 inhabitants. Due to the six months of the treatment of tuberculosis, there are two phases (intensive and advanced) that many clients occured non-adherance. Various factors may support the client’s level of compliance in the treatment program, one of which is the support of the family. Method: This study was aimed to understand the correlation between the family support with medication adherence level of pulmonary TB clients in Puskesmas Pegirian Surabaya. Design used in this study was descriptive correlational with cross sectional approach. The population was all clients active-pulmonary TBtreatment at Puskesmas Pegirian Surabaya as many as 36 respondents. The sampling technique in this study is the consecutive sampling. Data were collected using questionnaire, and then analyzed using Chi square test with < 0,05 level of significance. Results: The results showed that family support has correlation to medication adherence level of clients (p = 0.009). Discussion: It can be concluded that this study has correlation between the family support to medication adherence level of pulmonary TB clients in Puskesmas Pegirian Surabaya. Future studies are expected to increase effectiveness in controlling the treatment of pulmonary TB clients control in Indonesia, by improving family support as the PMO through the administration briefed on the role of the PMO in the DOTS program in order to achieve 100% free of TB. Keywords: family support, medication adherence, pulmonary tuberculosi

Self-diffusion in granular gases: Green-Kubo versus Chapman-Enskog

We study the diffusion of tracers (self-diffusion) in a homogeneously cooling gas of dissipative particles, using the Green-Kubo relation and the Chapman-Enskog approach. The dissipative particle collisions are described by the coefficient of restitution $\epsilon$ which for realistic material properties depends on the impact velocity. First, we consider self-diffusion using a constant coefficient of restitution, $\epsilon=$const, as frequently used to simplify the analysis. Second, self-diffusion is studied for a simplified (stepwise) dependence of $\epsilon$ on the impact velocity. Finally, diffusion is considered for gases of realistic viscoelastic particles. We find that for $\epsilon=$const both methods lead to the same result for the self-diffusion coefficient. For the case of impact-velocity dependent coefficients of restitution, the Green-Kubo method is, however, either restrictive or too complicated for practical application, therefore we compute the diffusion coefficient using the Chapman-Enskog method. We conclude that in application to granular gases, the Chapman-Enskog approach is preferable for deriving kinetic coefficients.Comment: 15 pages, 1 figur

Diffusion-controlled death of AA-particle and BB-particle islands at propagation of the sharp annihilation front A+B→0A + B \to 0

We consider the problem of diffusion-controlled evolution of the system $A$-particle island - $B$-particle island at propagation of the sharp annihilation front $A+B\to 0$. We show that this general problem, which includes as particular cases the sea-sea and the island-sea problems, demonstrates rich dynamical behavior from self-accelerating collapse of one of the islands to synchronous exponential relaxation of the both islands. We find a universal asymptotic regime of the sharp front propagation and reveal limits of its applicability for the cases of mean-field and fluctuation fronts.Comment: 4 revtex pages, 1 jpg figure. Submitted to Phys. Rev.

Rogue seasonality in supply chains: an investigation and a measurement approach

Purpose – Shukla et al (2012) proposed a signature and index to detect and measure rogue seasonality in supply chains, but which however, were not effectively validated. The authors have sought to investigate rogue seasonality using control theory and realistic multi echelon systems and rigorously validate these measures, so as to enable their application in practice. Design/methodology/approach – Frequency domain analysis of single echelon and simulated four echelon Beer game system outputs are used in the investigation, with the simulation incorporating realistic features such as non-linearities from backlogs and batching, hybrid make to order-make to stock ordering system and the shipment variable. Lead time, demand process parameters, ordering parameters and batch size are varied in the simulation to rigorously assess the validity of the index. Findings –The signature based on the cluster profiles of variables, specifically whether the variables cluster together with or away from exogenous demand, was validated. However, a threshold for the proportion of variables that could be clustered with exogenous demand and the system still being classified as exhibiting rogue seasonality, would require to be specified. The index, which is derived by quantifying the cluster profile relationships, was found to be a valid and robust indicator of the intensity of rogue seasonality, and which did not need any adjustments of the kind discussed for the signature. The greater effectiveness of the frequency domain in comparison to time for deriving the signature and index was demonstrated. Practical implications – This work enables speedy assessment of rogue seasonality in supply chains which in turn ensures appropriate and timely action to minimize its adverse consequences. Originality/value – Detailed and specific investigation on rogue seasonality using control theory and Beer game simulation and rigorous validation of the signature and index using these methods

Sensing endogenous seasonality in the case of a coffee supply chain

Rogue seasonality, or endogenously generated cyclicality (in variables), is common in supply chains and known to adversely affect performance. This paper explores a technique for sensing rogue seasonality at a supply chain echelon level. A signature and index based on cluster profiles of variables, which are meant to sense echelon-level generation and intensity of rogue seasonality, respectively, are proposed. Their validity is then established on echelons of a downstream coffee supply chain for five stock keeping units (SKUs) with contrasting rogue seasonality generation behaviour. The appropriateness of spectra as the domain for representing variables, data for which is daily sampled, is highlighted. Time-batching cycles which could corrupt the sensing are observed in variables, and the need to therefore filter them out in advance is also highlighted. The knowledge gained about the echelon location, intensity and time of generation of rogue seasonality could enable timely deployment of specific mitigation actions

Detecting disturbances in supply chains: the case of capacity constraints

Purpose – The ability to detect disturbances quickly as they arise in a supply chain helps to manage them efficiently and effectively. This paper is aimed at demonstrating the feasibility of automatically, and therefore quickly detecting a specific disturbance, which is constrained capacity at a supply chain echelon. Design/Methodology/approach – Different supply chain echelons of a simulated four echelon supply chain were individually capacity constrained to assess their impacts on the profiles of system variables, and to develop a signature that related the profiles to the echelon location of the capacity constraint. A review of disturbance detection techniques across various domains formed the basis for considering the signature based technique. Findings – The signature for detecting a capacity constrained echelon was found to be based on cluster profiles of shipping and net inventory variables for that echelon as well as other echelons in a supply chain, where the variables are represented as spectra. Originality/value– Detection of disturbances in a supply chain including that of constrained capacity at an echelon has seen limited research where this study makes a contribution

Some taste substances are direct activators of G-proteins

Amphiphilic substances may stimulate cellular events through direct activation of G-proteins. The present experiments indicate that several amphiphilic sweeteners and the bitter tastant, quinine, activate transducin and Gi/Go-proteins. Concentrations of taste substances required to activate G-proteins in vitro correlated with those used to elicit taste. These data support the hypothesis that amphiphilic taste substances may elicit taste through direct activation of G-proteins

Diffusion-controlled annihilation A+B→0A + B \to 0: The growth of an AA particle island from a localized AA-source in the BB particle sea

We present the growth dynamics of an island of particles $A$ injected from a localized $A$-source into the sea of particles $B$ and dying in the course of diffusion-controlled annihilation $A+B\to 0$. We show that in the 1d case the island unlimitedly grows at any source strength $\Lambda$, and the dynamics of its growth {\it does not depend} asymptotically on the diffusivity of $B$ particles. In the 3d case the island grows only at $\Lambda > \Lambda_{c}$, achieving asymptotically a stationary state ({\it static island}). In the marginal 2d case the island unlimitedly grows at any $\Lambda$ but at $\Lambda < \Lambda_{*}$ the time of its formation becomes exponentially large. For all the cases the numbers of surviving and dying $A$ particles are calculated, and the scaling of the reaction zone is derived.Comment: 5 REVTEX pages, no figure

PENGARUH KOMPETENSI DAN INDEPENDENSI TERHADAP KUALITAS AUDIT DENGAN ETIKA AUDITOR SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI (Studi Empiris Pada Kantor Akuntan Publik di Jawa Tengah)

Akuntan publik merupakan auditor independen yang menyediakan jasa kepada masyarakat umum terutama dalam bidang audit atas laporan keuangan yang dibuat oleh kliennya. Tugas akuntan publik adalah memeriksa dan memberikan opini terhadap kewajaran laporan keuangan suatu entitas usaha berdasarkan standar yang telah ditentukan oleh Ikatan Akuntan Indonesia (IAI). Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka akuntan publik memiliki kewajiban menjaga kualitas audit yang dihasilkannya. Dalam menjalankan profesinya seorang akuntan publik di Indonesia diatur oleh suatu kode etik dengan nama Kode Etik Ikatan Akuntan Indonesia. Kode Etik Ikatan Akuntan Indonesia merupakan tatanan etika dan prinsip moral yang memberikan pedoman kepada akuntan publik untuk berhubungan dengan klien, sesama anggota profesi dan juga masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah kompetensi, independensi, interaksi kompetensi dan etika auditor serta interaksi independensi dan etika auditor berpengaruh terhadap kualitas audit. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi moderat yang merupakan aplikasi khusus berganda linear dimana persamaan regresinya mengandung unsur interaksi. Analisis ini digunakan untuk mengetahui apakah kompetensi, independensi, interaksi kompetensi dan etika auditor serta interaksi independensi dan etika auditor berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kualitas udit. Hasil analisis regresi moderat menunjukkan bahwa kompetensi dan independensi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kualitas audit. Kompetensi yang dimoderasi etika auditor berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kualitas audit sedangkan independensi yang dimoderasi etika auditor juga berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Kualitas Audit. Koefisien determinasi Adjusted R Square menunjukkan bahwa variasi perubahan kualitas audit yang disebabkan oleh perubahan variasi pengaruh kompetensi dan interaksi kompetensi dengan etika auditor sebesar 85%, sedangkan perubahan variasi pengaruh independensi dan interaksi independensi dengan etika auditor sebesar 81,7%