543 research outputs found
Home high above and home deep down below -- lending in Hungary
In Hungary in the pre-crisis period, the bank sector-initiated private credit boom significantly contributed to the accumulation of economic imbalances. Nevertheless, before the 2008 crisis no special regulatory measure was taken to mitigate the foreign exchange lending to unhedged borrowers, which was a main moving force of the credit boom. Depreciation of forint-denominated subsidized housing loans and the increased risk premium significantly deteriorated customers'positions and resulted in rocketing nonperforming loans. A recession, deteriorating portfolios, and lack of efficient workout. The introduction of strict regulation froze banking activity and the danger of recovery without lending emerged. This paper compares the pre- and post-crisis lending activity and analyzes the lack of regulation in the pre-crisis period and the inefficient regulation in the post-crisis period.Debt Markets,Banks&Banking Reform,Currencies and Exchange Rates,Bankruptcy and Resolution of Financial Distress,Emerging Markets
Dependent Double Branching Annihilating Random Walk
Double (or parity conserving) branching annihilating random walk, introduced
by Sudbury in '90, is a one-dimensional non-attractive particle system in which
positive and negative particles perform nearest neighbor hopping, produce two
offsprings to neighboring lattice points and annihilate when they meet. Given
an odd number of initial particles, positive recurrence as seen from the
leftmost particle position was first proved by Belitsky, Ferrari, Menshikov and
Popov in '01 and, subsequently in a much more general setup, in the article by
Sturm and Swart (Tightness of voter model interfaces) in '08. These results
assume that jump rates of the various moves do not depend on the configuration
of the particles not involved in these moves. The present article deals with
the case when the jump rates are affected by the locations of several particles
in the system. Motivation for such models comes from non-attractive interacting
particle systems with particle conservation. Under suitable assumptions we
establish the existence of the process, and prove that the one-particle state
is positive recurrent. We achieve this by arguments similar to those appeared
in the previous article by Sturm and Swart. We also extend our results to some
cases of long range jumps, when branching can also occur to non-neighboring
sites. We outline and discuss several particular examples of models where our
results apply.Comment: 35 pages, 7 figure
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