Extracellular Vesicles—A Source of RNA Biomarkers for the Detection of Breast Cancer in Liquid Biopsies

Publisher Copyright: © 2023 by the authors.Over the past decade, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a promising source of cancer-derived RNAs for liquid biopsies. However, blood contains a pool of heterogeneous EVs released by a variety of cell types, making the identification of cancer RNA biomarkers challenging. Here, we performed deep sequencing of plasma EV RNA cargo in 32 patients with locally advanced breast cancer (BC) at diagnosis and 7 days after breast surgery and in 30 cancer-free healthy controls (HCs). To identify BC-derived RNA biomarkers, we searched for RNAs that had higher levels in BC EVs at the time of diagnosis compared with HCs and decreased after surgery. Data analysis showed that the fractions of miRNAs, snRNAs, snoRNAs, and tRFs were increased, but the fraction of lncRNAs was decreased in BC EVs as compared to HCs. BC-derived biomarker candidates were identified across various RNA biotypes. Considered individually, they had very high specificity but moderate sensitivity for the detection of BC, whereas a biomarker model composed of eight RNAs: SNORD3H, SNORD1C, SNORA74D, miR-224-5p, piR-32949, lnc-IFT-122-2, lnc-C9orf50-4, and lnc-FAM122C-3 was able to distinguish BC from HC EVs with an AUC of 0.902 (95% CI = 0.872–0.931, p = 3.4 × 10−9) in leave-one-out cross-validation. Furthermore, a number of RNA biomarkers were correlated with the ER and HER2 expression and additional biomarker models were created to predict hormone receptor and HER2 status. Overall, this study demonstrated that the RNA composition of plasma EVs is altered in BC patients and that they contain cancer-derived RNA biomarkers that can be used for BC detection and monitoring using liquid biopsies.Peer reviewe

Expression of human interleukin-2 gene in Escherichia coli

Annotation in English, Latvian, RussianAvailable from Latvian Academic Library / LAL - Latvian Academic LibrarySIGLELVLatvi

A Novel Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Inhibitor Triazolylmethyl Aziridine Reduces Melanoma Cell Invasion, Angiogenesis and Targets ERK1/2 Phosphorylation

A novel matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) inhibitor JaZ-30, which belongs to the class of C(2)-monosubstituted aziridine – aryl-1,2,3-triazole conjugates, was developed. MTT and crystal violet assays were used to determine cytotoxicity- IC(50) values of compound JaZ-30 on melanoma cell line B16 4A5. Our study proves the anti-cancer properties of JaZ-30 with a wide spectrum of activities. JaZ-30 was revealed as selective inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-2. JaZ-30-mediated decrease of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) secretion results in inhibition of angiogenesis, performed with the human umbilical vein endothelial cell line (HUVEC-2) on Matrigel. A novel inhibitor decreases invasive properties of melanoma cells measured in Matrigel chambers assay. JaZ-30 downregulates phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) in melanoma cells stimulated by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA). Our findings propose a novel MMP-2 inhibitor JaZ-30 as an attractive potential agent for melanoma treatment.

Aziridine - Triazole Conjugates as a Novel Class of MMP-2 Inhibitors

We report here the synthesis of a series of (aryltriazolyl)methylaziridines 1 and their evaluation as selective inhibitors of MMP-2.[2] They constitute a novel class of hydroxamic acid-free matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors

Discovery of Aziridine–Triazole Conjugates as Selective MMP-2 Inhibitors

A series of (aryltriazolyl)methylaziridines were synthesized and evaluated as selective inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase-2. They constitute a novel class of hydroxamic acid-free matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors. The triazole fragment serves as a linker between the hydrophilic aziridine and the lipophilic part of the molecule. The best inhibition was observed with 1-(aziridin-2-ylmethyl)-4-(4-butylphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole and 1-(aziridin-2-ylmethyl)-4-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole that selectively inhibited MMP-2 at 73% in 20 μM concentration and at 75% in 10 μM concentration, respectively

From sweat to hope: The role of exercise‐induced extracellular vesicles in cancer prevention and treatment /

The benefits of regular physical exercise on cancer prevention, as well as reducing fatigue, treatment side effects and recurrence, and improving quality of life and overall survival of cancer patients, are increasingly recognised. Initial studies showed that the concentration of extracellular vesicles (EVs) increases during physical activity and that EVs carry biologically active cargo. These EVs are released by blood cells, skeletal muscle and other organs involved in exercise, thus suggesting that EVs may mediate tissue crosstalk during exercise. This possibility triggered a great interest in the study of the roles of EVs in systemic adaptation to exercise and in their potential applications in the prevention and treatment of various diseases, including cancer. This review presents studies exploring the concentration and molecular cargo of EVs released during exercise. Furthermore, we discuss putative stimuli that may trigger EV release from various cell types, the biological functions and the impact of exercise‐induced EVs on cancer development and progression. Understanding the interplay between exercise, EVs, and cancer biology may offer insights into novel therapeutic strategies and preventive measures for cancer