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1)The physical growth and development of the school children and pupils in the remote mountainous region, where most of the school children and pupils are undergrown, were alreadv below the national average of school children and pupils when thev entered elementary school . 2) The degree of their physical growth and development with advancing years shows the following : these school children and pupils grow slower by about a year in the period when they grow most rapidly, and by about 5 months in each age than the national average. 3) The rate of increase of their physical growth and development in one year is not always inferior to that of the national average. 4) As for eyesight with advancing years, the rate of near-sighted school children and pupils has been increasing. But the average eyesight of them has almost been constant. The boys and girls from the fifth grade of an elementary school to the first grade of a middle school have rather become better in eyesight. 5) There seems to be close correlation between the physical growth and development of school children and pupils and caloric intake. Especially, according to our investigation, the relations between height and calories and nicotinic acid, weight and calories and sugariness, strength of back and calories and sugariness statistically proved plus correlation with the rate of danger under 5.0%