Cutaneous Candidiasis

Cutaneous candidiasis is a multipicture infection of the skin, generally caused by yeast like fungus c.albicans or other species of genus candida such as candida parapsilosis, candida tropicalis, candida glabrata but these species are unusual, secondary to skin diseases. Candida is flora of gut microbiota, rather than skin, although it is present on skin at some instances. Certain factor of candida species such as ability to evade host defense by biofilm formation, filamentous form and presence of tissue damaging enzyme phospholipase are attributed to pathogenicity. Cutaneous candida infection may occur in patient HIV/AIDS, cancer receiving chemotherapy, antibiotics, steroids therapy and in organ transplantation. Vesicles, pustules, maceration and fissuring are common symptoms on perineum, axilla and interriginous areas. Systemic and topical therapies are common treatment with different drugs. Single drug therapy as combination of anti-fungal, antibacterial and topical corticosteroid has marvelous results. Nystatin, Clotrimaziole and miconazole are efficiently reviewed topical drugs with 73–100% cure

Wastewater-irrigated vegetables are a significant source of heavy metal contaminants : toxicity and health risks

Water contaminated with heavy metals constitutes an important threat. This threat is a real problem with a negative impact in some developing countries where untreated industrial effluents are used for irrigation. The present study examines heavy metals in wastewater-irrigated vegetables (apple gourd, spinach, cauliflower, sponge gourd, and coriander) water, and soil from Chenab Nagar, Chiniot, Pakistan. In particular, the metals quantified were cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and manganese (Mn). Among them, Cr and Co in crops irrigated -wastewater exceeded the levels recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). In contrast, Ni, Cu, Pb, and Mn concentrations were in line with WHO standards. Compared with the limits established by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), all the study vegetables presented higher (thus unsafe) concentrations of Cd (0.38 to 1.205 mg/Kg). There were also unsafe concentrations of Cr in coriander, sponge gourd, and cauliflower. Pb was found at an unsafe concentration (0.59 mg/Kg) in cauliflower. Conversely, Ni and Mn concentrations were below the maximum permissible limits by WHO, and FAO in all of the analyzed samples. The contamination load index (CLI) in soil, bioconcentration factor (BCF) in plants, daily intake of metals (DIM), and health risk index (HRI) have also been evaluated to estimate the potential risk to human health in that area. We have found an important risk of transitions of Pb, Cd, Cr, and Co from water/soil to the edible part of the plant. The highest HRI value associated with Cd (6.10–13.85) followed by Cr (1.25–7.67) for all vegetable samples presented them as high health risk metal contaminants. If the issue is not addressed, consumption of wastewater-irrigated vegetables will continue posing a health risk

Imagerie IRTF des contenus en collagènes des gliomes

Le gliome est le type le plus agressif et mortel de tumeur cérébrale. Ces tumeurs se caractérisent par la présence conjointe de phénotypes solides (de bas grade, moins invasif, hautement vascularisé) et diffus (haut grade, très envahissant et diffus) des glioblastomes multiformes. Les collagènes sont des composants majeurs de la MEC des cellules tumorales des gliomes, et sont également présents dans la membrane basale des vaisseaux sanguins, mais avec une composition différente entre vasculatures saine et tumorale. L'abondance et la typologie des collagènes dans la MEC des cellules tumorales et la vasculature représentent donc un marqueur potentiel de diagnostic pour la gradation des tumeurs gliales. Nous avons développé la spectro-imagerie infrarouge à transformée de Fourier pour déterminer les modifications morphologiques et moléculaires apparaissant dans les formes solides et diffuses de gliomes, ainsi que dans les vasculatures saine et tumorale. Nous avons d'abord mis en évidence les vasculatures saine et tumorale en utilisant des nanoparticules injectées dans le système sanguin. Ensuite, nous avons appliqué des méthodes de reconstruction spectrale pour distinguer les tissus sains vs. ceux des formes solide et diffuse de tumeurs sur la base de leurs contenus en collagène de la MEC. Enfin, nous avons déterminé les changements de types du collagène au cours de la progression tumorale, validant ainsi la notion que l’analyse de ces contenus est potentiellement un marqueur diagnostic pour la gradation des gliomes.The glioma is the most aggressive and lethal type of brain tumor. Such tumor is characterized both by solid (low grade, less invasive, highly vascularized) and diffuse (high grade, very invasive and diffuse) phenotypes in high-grades. Collagens are major components of ECM in glioma tumor cells, and are also present in basement membrane of blood vessels in vasculature, but with different composition between healthy and tumor capillaries. The abundance and typology of collagens in tumor cell ECM and vasculature is thus a potential diagnostic marker for grading glioma tumors. We developed Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectro-imaging as a functional technique to determine the morphological and molecular changes occurring in solid and diffuse form of tumor tissues as well as in healthy and tumor vasculatures. We first highlighted healthy and tumor vasculatures using nanoparticles injected in blood system. Then, we applied curve-fitting methods to distinguish between healthy tissue vs. solid and diffuse tumor tissues on the basis of the collagen contents found in ECM. Finally, we determined collagen typology changes during tumor progression, thus validating that collagen contents analysis is potentially a diagnostic marker for glioma grading

FTIR imaging of collagens in gliomas

Le gliome est le type le plus agressif et mortel de tumeur cérébrale. Ces tumeurs se caractérisent par la présence conjointe de phénotypes solides (de bas grade, moins invasif, hautement vascularisé) et diffus (haut grade, très envahissant et diffus) des glioblastomes multiformes. Les collagènes sont des composants majeurs de la MEC des cellules tumorales des gliomes, et sont également présents dans la membrane basale des vaisseaux sanguins, mais avec une composition différente entre vasculatures saine et tumorale. L'abondance et la typologie des collagènes dans la MEC des cellules tumorales et la vasculature représentent donc un marqueur potentiel de diagnostic pour la gradation des tumeurs gliales. Nous avons développé la spectro-imagerie infrarouge à transformée de Fourier pour déterminer les modifications morphologiques et moléculaires apparaissant dans les formes solides et diffuses de gliomes, ainsi que dans les vasculatures saine et tumorale. Nous avons d'abord mis en évidence les vasculatures saine et tumorale en utilisant des nanoparticules injectées dans le système sanguin. Ensuite, nous avons appliqué des méthodes de reconstruction spectrale pour distinguer les tissus sains vs. ceux des formes solide et diffuse de tumeurs sur la base de leurs contenus en collagène de la MEC. Enfin, nous avons déterminé les changements de types du collagène au cours de la progression tumorale, validant ainsi la notion que l’analyse de ces contenus est potentiellement un marqueur diagnostic pour la gradation des gliomes.The glioma is the most aggressive and lethal type of brain tumor. Such tumor is characterized both by solid (low grade, less invasive, highly vascularized) and diffuse (high grade, very invasive and diffuse) phenotypes in high-grades. Collagens are major components of ECM in glioma tumor cells, and are also present in basement membrane of blood vessels in vasculature, but with different composition between healthy and tumor capillaries. The abundance and typology of collagens in tumor cell ECM and vasculature is thus a potential diagnostic marker for grading glioma tumors. We developed Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectro-imaging as a functional technique to determine the morphological and molecular changes occurring in solid and diffuse form of tumor tissues as well as in healthy and tumor vasculatures. We first highlighted healthy and tumor vasculatures using nanoparticles injected in blood system. Then, we applied curve-fitting methods to distinguish between healthy tissue vs. solid and diffuse tumor tissues on the basis of the collagen contents found in ECM. Finally, we determined collagen typology changes during tumor progression, thus validating that collagen contents analysis is potentially a diagnostic marker for glioma grading

Imagerie IRTF des contenus en collagènes des gliomes

Le gliome est le type le plus agressif et mortel de tumeur cérébrale. Ces tumeurs se caractérisent par la présence conjointe de phénotypes solides (de bas grade, moins invasif, hautement vascularisé) et diffus (haut grade, très envahissant et diffus) des glioblastomes multiformes. Les collagènes sont des composants majeurs de la MEC des cellules tumorales des gliomes, et sont également présents dans la membrane basale des vaisseaux sanguins, mais avec une composition différente entre vasculatures saine et tumorale. L'abondance et la typologie des collagènes dans la MEC des cellules tumorales et la vasculature représentent donc un marqueur potentiel de diagnostic pour la gradation des tumeurs gliales. Nous avons développé la spectro-imagerie infrarouge à transformée de Fourier pour déterminer les modifications morphologiques et moléculaires apparaissant dans les formes solides et diffuses de gliomes, ainsi que dans les vasculatures saine et tumorale. Nous avons d'abord mis en évidence les vasculatures saine et tumorale en utilisant des nanoparticules injectées dans le système sanguin. Ensuite, nous avons appliqué des méthodes de reconstruction spectrale pour distinguer les tissus sains vs. ceux des formes solide et diffuse de tumeurs sur la base de leurs contenus en collagène de la MEC. Enfin, nous avons déterminé les changements de types du collagène au cours de la progression tumorale, validant ainsi la notion que l analyse de ces contenus est potentiellement un marqueur diagnostic pour la gradation des gliomes.The glioma is the most aggressive and lethal type of brain tumor. Such tumor is characterized both by solid (low grade, less invasive, highly vascularized) and diffuse (high grade, very invasive and diffuse) phenotypes in high-grades. Collagens are major components of ECM in glioma tumor cells, and are also present in basement membrane of blood vessels in vasculature, but with different composition between healthy and tumor capillaries. The abundance and typology of collagens in tumor cell ECM and vasculature is thus a potential diagnostic marker for grading glioma tumors. We developed Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectro-imaging as a functional technique to determine the morphological and molecular changes occurring in solid and diffuse form of tumor tissues as well as in healthy and tumor vasculatures. We first highlighted healthy and tumor vasculatures using nanoparticles injected in blood system. Then, we applied curve-fitting methods to distinguish between healthy tissue vs. solid and diffuse tumor tissues on the basis of the collagen contents found in ECM. Finally, we determined collagen typology changes during tumor progression, thus validating that collagen contents analysis is potentially a diagnostic marker for glioma grading.BORDEAUX1-Bib.electronique (335229901) / SudocSudocFranceF

DEVELOPING TEACHERS’ CAPABILITIES THROUGH FORMAL MODE OF TRAINING IN PUNJAB: Rashida Parveen I/C, Dr Razia Noreen, Dr.Sonia Rafique

Teachers are nation builders and they can perform their duties up to the marks with the help of professional’s skills. Thus, teacher training through formal mode at M.Ed. level in Punjab has been focus of study for many educational researchers. It helps to know the aspects which may be intervened to increase the teacher’s professional capabilities towards teaching. Objectives of the study were to investigate the contribution of existing teacher training programs through formal education system in Punjab. Two questionnaires were developed for this purpose. Data was collected, organized, tabulated and interpreted. The population of the study included the students and teachers of M.Ed program of Sargodha University and Pir Mehar Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi. Total population of teacher student ratio was 18 and 99. By applying formula of Gay, R.L. (2000) the sample was taken as 16 and 80. Results showed that both the groups of respondents agreed that instructional material was easy to understand and curriculum fulfils the needs of concerning teaching of M. Ed. program. Teachers were regular, necessary guidance and counseling was provided to students. All the students were agreed that examination was conducted on time and examination centre’s were accessible to students. Teachers agreed that course contents were comprehensive and according to the national level. They also agreed that they used modern technology in teaching learning process. Teachers/ agreed that final examination fulfils the purpose and need of summative assessment

EFFECTS OF ACTIVITY-BASED TEACHING AND TRADITIONAL METHOD OF TEACHING MATHEMATICS IN THE AREA OF KNOWLEDGE AT ELEMENTARY LEVEL: Dr. Razia Noreen, Dr. Sonia Rafique, Rashida Perveen

The aim of this research was to find out the effects of activity-based teaching and traditional method of teaching Mathematics in the area of Knowledge at Elementary Level. The research was experimental based on pre-test, post-test control group design. Two units of geometry were selected from seventh class Mathematics for this research. Population of the research study was all students of seventh class from GGHS Bhedian Pattoki, District Kasur, Punjab (Pakistan). For selection of sample a pre-test was administered to all (84) students of class seventh in Govt. Girls High School Bhedian Pattoki District Kasur except twenty students. Thirty students (each) were assigned randomly to experimental and control group on the basis of pre-test matching scores. Both tests were developed from the seventh class Mathematics Book for the compilation of data. Tests were administered keeping the domain of knowledge in view. Selected unit 10 and unit 12 from seventh class Mathematics Book prescribed by Punjab Text Book Board were taught to both groups (experimental and control) for the time of eight weeks. Activities were used for experimental group only and other group was taught traditionally. Time for the teaching Mathematics was 40 minutes daily to each group. Independent sample t-test was applied on the pre-test and post-test scores to check whether there is difference in the performances of two groups in the domain of knowledge. It was concluded that there was significant difference in mean achievement scores in the area of knowledge taught by activity-based teaching. Activity based teaching was recommended for other areas of cognitive domain. It was recommended that activities may be used for each subject and for every class up to elementary level

Ameliorative effect of apple pomace and mango peels against hyperlipidemia and lipid peroxidation induced by hyperlipidemic diet

Diet induced hyperlipidemia is a major cause for atherosclerosis, lipid peroxidation, and fatty liver diseases. Fruit processing waste rich in dietary fiber and antioxidant capacity can be an economical way to manage such risk factors. The major objective of the present study was to manage hyperlipidemia by including apple pomace and mango peels in daily diet. Dry powder obtained from apple pomace, mango peels and their mixture was added to the normal chow on replacement basis by 12%. These were fed to the rats along with hyperlipidemic diet to the experimental groups (N=30, 10/group), while control group (N=10) was fed hyperlipidemic diet alone. The rats were analyzed for water and feed intake, body weight, organs to body weight ratio, glucose concentration, lipid profile, lipid peroxidation test, liver cholesterol, and liver and renal function tests. The results showed that high cholesterol in diet was well managed by rat groups on apple pomace and mango peels supplement. The mango peels powder was found to be more effective as compared to apple pomace powder against hyperlipidemia. Mango peels and apple pomace powders not only improved the lipid profile but also resulted in lower liver cholesterol concentration and better lipid peroxidation status of the experimental rats as compared to control group. It can be concluded that fruit processing waste specially mango peels can be cost effective tool to manage diet induced hyperlipidemia, lipid peroxidation and fatty liver diseases

Comparative efficacy of locally isolated fungal strains for Pb(II) removal and recovery from water

Abstract The present investigation aimed to study and compare the efficiency of non-viable fungal isolates to remove divalent lead (Pb(II)) from aqueous streams. The selected fungal isolates showed identity with Aspergillus caespitosus, Aureobasidium sp. RBSS-303 and Aspergillus flavus HF5 as confirmed using gene sequencing of ITS regions of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA). The obtained equilibrium data for Pb(II) biosorption of A. caespitosus fitted better to Langmuir isotherm with maximum sorption capacity of 351.0 mg/g and A. sp. RBSS-303 and A. flavus HF5 showed good fit to Freundlich isotherm with maximum sorption capacity of 271.5 and 346.3 mg/g respectively. The values of thermodynamic factors ascertained the nature of adsorption process is endothermic with A. caespitosus and A. flavus HF5 but exothermic with A. sp. RBSS-303. The experimental data for Pb(II) biosorption fits very well to pseudo second order kinetic model. With HCl the maximum 85.5, 75.3, 73.7% recovery of Pb(II) was obtained from A. caespitosus, A. sp. RBSS-303 and A. flavus HF5, respectively. The observed percentage loss in sorption capacity of Pb(II) was 3.9% by A. flavus HF5, 12.2% by A. caespitosus and 26.6% by A. sp. RBSS-303 after five cyclic studies of sorption and desorption. Results from the study confirmed the efficiency order of A. caespitosus > A. flavus HF5 > A. sp. RBSS-303 to remove and recover Pb(II) from aqueous solution. Finally, the fungal biosorbents can be used as soil conditioning agent after compositing into valuables fungal protein

Facile and Green Synthesis of Saturated Cyclic Amines

Single-nitrogen containing saturated cyclic amines are an important part of both natural and synthetic bioactive compounds. A number of methodologies have been developed for the synthesis of aziridines, azetidines, pyrrolidines, piperidines, azepanes and azocanes. This review highlights some facile and green synthetic routes for the synthesis of unsubstituted, multisubstituted and highly functionalized saturated cyclic amines including one-pot, microwave assisted, metal-free, solvent-free and in aqueous media