Treatment of Agro-Food Wastewaters and Valuable Compounds Recovery by Column Sorption Runs

Olive oil extraction generates a large quantity of wastewater which is a strong pollutant due to its high organic load and phytotoxic. However, its content in antibacterial phenolic substances displays to be resistant to biological degradation. The discharge of olive mill wastewater (OMWW) is not allowed through the municipal sewage system and/or in a natural effluent. Unfortunately, the current technologies for the treatment of OMWW are expensive and complicated to be operated in a mill factory where the objective of this study. We have designed and implemented a process that permitted both the treatment of agro-food processing water and the recovering of compounds of market interest. The process was applied in the effluents of olive oil mill factories to recover polyphenols with a possible significant reduction of organic waste. The nanofiltration fraction obtained from a sequential treatment involved coagulation, photocatalysis, ultrafiltration and nanofiltration was performed to separate the most valuable compounds using column adsorption runs. Competitive adsorption and the selectivity were obtained for phenol and hydroxytyrosol onto macro-reticular aromatic polymer (FPX66) and macroporous polystyrene cross-linked with divinylbenzene (MN202), respectively. The investigations were followed by a single component of phenol or tyrosol, binary phenol and tyrosol and ternary components in NF concentrate of OMWW for valuable compounds recovery conducted in a fixed-bed adsorber of resins. During the intermediate stage of the column operation, adsorbed tyrosol molecules were replaced by the incoming phenol molecules due to the lower tyrosol affinity for FPX66 resin and the tyrosol concentration was higher than its feed concentration

Green gluing of tropical wood Part III: X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of Frake and Ayous green wood's Glue line

Green gluing of tropical wood Part III: X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of Frake and Ayous green wood’s Glue line. Emmanuel Njungab1,2, René Oum Lissouck2,4, 5Christine Labrugère, Ntede Ngah Hippolyte2, Régis Pommier3, Louis Max Ayina Ohandja2, Joseph Noah Ngamveng1 1 Laboratory of Macromolecular Chemistry (LCMA), Faculty of science, The University of Yaoundé 1, Cameroon. 2 Laboratory of Mechanics, Materials and Structures (LMMS), ENSP, The University of Yaoundé 1, Cameroon. 3 Institute of Mechanics and Engineering (I2M-GCE), The University of Bordeaux 1, France. 4 National Centre of Scientific Research (CNRS), UMR 5295, France. 5Centre de Caractérisation des Matériaux Avancés (ICMCB, CNRS-UPR), The Université of Bordeaux 1 Abstract: We have recently succeeded to bond two tropical african woods Ayous and Frake in the green state by the glulam technique using a one component (1C-PU) polyurethane adhesive. Durable bond line was achieved and succeeds to meet the structural standard requirement. Scanning electron microscopy performs on the glue line show a good embedding of the glue on the wood fibers. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy also referred to as Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to investigate the interaction of both tropical woods with adhesive. Unlike theoretical expected urethane functional group, xps analysis indicated a high proportion of non hydrolyze urea group and hydrogen bonding of nitrogen (N) at 399,5 eV and 400,5 eV respectively. This foreseen that polyurea polymers and hydrogen bond are the most probable bond to strengthen the gluline. Key words: Green gluing, Tropical woods, Sanding, 1C-PU, XPS, FTIR, Polyure