ASXL2 is essential for haematopoiesis and acts as a haploinsufficient tumour suppressor in leukemia

Additional sex combs-like (ASXL) proteins are mammalian homologues of additional sex combs (Asx), a regulator of trithorax and polycomb function in Drosophila. While there has been great interest in ASXL1 due to its frequent mutation in leukemia, little is known about its paralog ASXL2, which is frequently mutated in acute myeloid leukemia patients bearing the RUNX1-RUNX1T1 (AML1-ETO) fusion. Here we report that ASXL2 is required for normal haematopoiesis with distinct, non-overlapping effects from ASXL1 and acts as a haploinsufficient tumour suppressor. While Asxl2 was required for normal haematopoietic stem cell self-renewal, Asxl2 loss promoted AML1-ETO leukemogenesis. Moreover, ASXL2 target genes strongly overlapped with those of RUNX1 and AML1-ETO and ASXL2 loss was associated with increased chromatin accessibility at putative enhancers of key leukemogenic loci. These data reveal that Asxl2 is a critical regulator of haematopoiesis and mediates transcriptional effects that promote leukemogenesis driven by AML1-ETO

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Not AvailableENUMERATING THE REASONS FOR THE SOIL , RUNOFF AND NUTRIENT LOSSES , THE PAPER HIGHLIGHTS THE ROLE OF GRASSES AND LEGUMES IN THE AGRICULTURAL SYSTEM OF THE COUNTRY. SUITABLE GRASSES AND LEGUMES CAN BE SUCCESSFULLY INCORPORATED IN OUR CROPPING SYSTEM BY ADOPTING METHODS LIKE STRIP CROPPING. THE COMBINATION OF AGRONOMIC WITH MECHANICAL CONTROL MEASURES CAN MAKE AGRICULTURE A PAYING PROPOSITION.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableTHE PAPER SUGGESTS WAYS TO IMPROVE GRASSLANDS AND PASTURES THROUGH MECHANICAL MEANS, SUCH AS CONTOUR FURROWING AND BY APPLICATION OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS. THE GRASSLANDS AND PASTURES ARE OF UTMOST IMPORTANCE , PARTICULARLY IN INDIA AND THE REASONS FOR THIS ARE DISCUSSED. GRASSLANDS AND PASTURES ARE NATIONAL ASSETS AND ANY COUNTRY DEPENDING ON AGRICULTURE AND THAT TOO WITH ANIMAL POWER TO HELP IT MUST LOOK TO THE IMPROVEMENT OF GRASSLANDS.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableTHE ADVANTAGE OF GRASSES IN SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION AND THEIR OTHER INFLUENCES HAVE BEEN ENUMERATED. THE EFFECT OF GRASSES IN PREVENTING SOIL EROSION , IMPROVING SOIL STRUCTURE , INCREASING PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY OF THE SOIL ETC HAS BEEN DISCUSSED WITH THE SUPPORT OF DATA.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableTHE PAPER DEALS WITH PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT ASPECTS OF GRASSLANDS WHICH ARE IN SA SERAL STAGE IN OUR COUNTRY IN BETWEEN FOREST ON ONE HAND AND DESERT ON THE OTHER. ANY DEVELOPMENT OF GRASSLAND WILL REQUIRE ASSESSMENT OF PRESENT RESOURCES BY CONDITION SURVEY I.E JUDGING THE CONDITION WITH RESPECT TO THE CLIMAX GRASSLANDS, NAMELY EXCELLENT , GOOD , FAIR AND POOR CONDITION CLASS. THE MANAGEMENT MEASURES AND SOME OF THE USEFUL FINDINGS HAVE BEEN PRESENTED.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableTHE PAPER PRESENTS RESULTS OF A 7 YEAR TRIAL PLANTATION OF TRIPSACUM LAXUM , COMMONLY KNOWN AS GAUTAMALA GRASS , AT OOTACAMUND ( NILGIRIS) . GOOD GROWTH WAS OBSERVED EVEN IN SUB- SOIL. THE GROWTH WAS VERY MUCH STUNTED IN SOILS FULL OF BOULDERS. THE RAINFALL REQUIREMENTS ARE ABOVE 100cm . THOUGH GROWS EVEN IN ILL DRAINED SOIL, IT PREFERS WELL- DRAINED SOIL AT MOIST LOCATIONS. PLANTING THIS GRASS IN EXPOSED SUB- SOIL GAVE GOOD YIELDS. THE GRASS ALSO PROVED SUCCESSFUL AS A VEGETATIVE BARRIER ON PUERTORICAN TERRACES.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableAUTHORS SUGGEST THAT STANDARD LAND CAPABILITY CLASSES IN VOGUE UNDER NILGIRIS CONDITIONS , NEED MODIFICATION SO THAT CONTOUR TRENCHING CAN BE EXCAVATED WHEREVER IT IS ABSOLUTELY NEEDED. UNDER THE CONDITIONS WHERE SOILS ARE FAIR TO GOOD AND VEGETATIONAL COVER IS ALSO SUFFICIENT TO PROVIDE PROTECTION TO THE LANDS AGAINST BEATING RAINS, CONTOUR AND STAGGERED PLANTING OF TREES OR GRASSES WITH PROPER FERTILIZATION WOULD BE BENEFICIAL . HENCE , CLASS V OF THE CLASSES , IN PARTICULAR IS PROPOSED TO BE MODIFIED.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableGIVES DESCRIPTION OF A MODIFIED TYPE OF RUNOFF AND SOIL LOSS MEASURING EQUIPMENT WHICH COMPRISES A FLUME , A SILT - COLLECTING TANK WITH THREE LEAK PROOF PARTITIONS , A MULTI- SLOT ( 11 SLOT) DIVISOR BOX AND CYLINDRICAL CISTERN, ALL MADE OF GI PLAIN SHEETS. THE MERIT ARE LARGE SIZE OF SILT COLLECTING TANK, PARTITIONS IN IT HELP COLLECTION OF SMALL RUNOFF AND ELIMINATING TURBULENCE AD ALLOWING FREE AND UNIFORM FLOW OF WATER THROUGH DIVISOR BOX, AND PROVISION OF TRAYS IN COMPARTMENTS FOR EASY COLLECTION OF COARSE SILT AND REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE RUNOFF.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableAN APPARATUS FOR THE INFILTRATION STUDIES HAS BEEN DESIGNED. THE SOIL HAVING A MISCELLANEOUS TYPE OF VEGETATION HAS A MASS INFILTRATION OF 5 INCHES FOR A PERIOD OF 3 HOURS WHILE FOR THAT UNDER BROOM IT IS 4.5 INCHES FOR THE SAME PERIOD. REGARDING THE GRASSLAND , THE INTAKE WAS THE POOREST DURING THE 1ST 15 MINUTES (I.E HARDLY AN INCH) BUT DURING THE SUBSEQUENT PERIOD OF 165 MINUTES ., THE INFILTRATION HAS BEEN NEARLY 1.5 INCHES WHICH IS MUCH HIGHER THAN THAT OBTAINED IN THE CULTIVATED LAND.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableTHE ARTICLE SUGGEST THE USE OF FYM IN COMBINATION WITH NANJANAD FERTILIZER TO RESTORE THE FERTILITY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF THE BENCH TERRACES IN OOTACAMUND ( NILGIRIS) WHERE POTATO IS THE MOST IMPORTANT CROP.Not Availabl