487 research outputs found
Conditions and Opportunities for Overcoming the Economic Crisis
Purpose: the purpose of the presented article is to study the conditions and possibilities of overcoming the protracted economic crisis in Russia.Methods: the study is based on the use of a modified information logic model, which establishes the relationships between the identified bottlenecks, the causes of their occurrence and possible ways to eliminate these causes.Results: the possibilities of overcoming the crisis are, first of all, to use the potential accumulated in the Russian economy, dispersed by sectors of the complete technological reproduction cycle, including the extraction of resources, their processing into useful materials and semi-finished products, the production of machinery and equipment, as well as the production of final products, the provision of services, infrastructure and waste disposal. Simultaneously with the search for opportunities for economic growth, it is necessary to draw the attention of the Russian Government and the legislative and executive heads to the necessity to correct the strategic mistakes. They were conducted in the process of choosing a resource-export development strategy, separating the financial sector from the support and interests of the development of domestic industrial production sector, ignoring the potential and opportunities for the development of the domestic scientific and technological complex, using imperfect economic management mechanisms, etc. The work justifies the need to overcome a long economic crisis via the management of new opportunities breakthrough, which involves the harmonious development of all economic sectors based on supporting a domestic scientific and technical complex capable to ensure the high technologies development and the competitive products production.Conclusions and Relevance: substantiating and choosing ways to overcome the economic crisis should be focused on achieving harmonious development of all sectors of the economy and using in management practices at the national, corporate and company levels, such methods and instruments of targeted projects and programs management, which are the core basis for economy and society development strategies
Organizational and Methodological Issues of the RF National Projectsβ Development and Implementation
Purpose: the purpose of this article is to consider the usage of targeted methodological and organizational methods of complex socio-economic development management, as well as to research the practice of developing national-scale projects and programs.Methods:Β the methodology of the study is based on the theoretical foundations of target processes management for solving complex development problems, system analysis methods, research of operations and economic analysis of complex system development.Results:Β consideration of the implementation experience of the Russian Federation national projects and programs since 2005 helps to identify both advantages and disadvantages in solving social and economic problems. Organizational and methodological shortcomings of national projects development, as well as estimation of limitations and difficulties for complete goals achievement in the chosen case projects have been presented.Conclusions and Relevance:Β the presented national projects aimed at achieving the goals of the May Decree of the President of the Russian Federation should serve as a guide for the concentration of financial, logistical and intellectual resources to solve national large-scale complex problems. Methodological and organizational shortcomings in the national projects launching, which create significant risks to successful and on-time achievement of the national goals specified in the Presidentβs Decree, were noted
ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ
Purpose:Β Β is to study the reasons, possibilities and conditions for the transformation of the Russian economy during the period of overcoming the sanctions of the EU countries and the United States and the transition to a multipolar world order.Methods:Β the methodology used for conducting the research is based on a generalization of methods for analyzing the cause-and-effect relationships of complex systems using network methods, as well as information and logical models of the processes of development of socio-economic systems.Results: the article analyzes the reasons for the transformation of the Russian and world economy in the coming years. The author shows the conditions for the formation and establishment of a market economy in our country, as well as the factors that influenced its development. The successes achieved and the bottlenecks that have formed in the Russian economy are noted. The ways of eliminating problematic situations are considered, including the possibility of restoring innovative potential, the transition of companies to strategic planning of technological development, improving decision-making mechanisms and the formation of an economic model of development in the medium term. The main results of the study are to substantiate the reasons for the transformation of the liberal economic model that has evolved in Russia during the transition to the market economy.Conclusions and Relevance:Β Β the article emphasizes the modern inevitability of structural and technological changes in the Russian economy. The emphasis is placed on the need to eliminate bottlenecks in the domestic economy, which, first of all, include a decrease in the potential of the innovation sphere. According to the author, among the main conditions for the transformation of the Russian economy is the transition from the evolutionary development of companies to the normative planning of technological modernization processes, the improvement of target management mechanisms, as well as the formation of forecast estimates assessments of the prospects for technological development on an innovative basis.Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΒ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ Π² ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½, Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ ΠΠ‘ ΠΈ Π‘Π¨Π ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΊ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Ρ.ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ.Β ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ.Β Β Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π² Π±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ°ΠΉΡΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π² Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ, Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ²ΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ
ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π²ΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π°, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ, ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π΅. ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠ±Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ, ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΡ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΊ ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅.ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ·Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ Π² ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ. Π‘Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½ Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π² ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅, ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΌ, Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ. ΠΠΎ ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠ°, Π² ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ β ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ² ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅
ΠΠΠ Π‘ΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠ« Π Π£Π‘ΠΠΠΠΠ― ΠΠΠ‘Π‘Π’ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ― ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠ¦ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ¦ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ‘ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π¦ΠΠΠΠ
In the article the leading role and importance of innovation in the production cycle of the innovative development of the Russian economy. Identified Β«bottlenecksΒ» in the whole innovation cycle, reasons of their formation and possible remedies. Noted the significance of the effect of each of the Β«bottleneckΒ» in the potential of the whole innovation cycle and the need to address each of the Β«bottleneckΒ» for capacity building cycle as a whole. Shown a consistent set of measures to address the causes of Β«bottlenecksΒ» in the format of Β«road mapΒ».Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π° Π² ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Β«ΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Β» Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Β«ΡΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Β» Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π» Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π° ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Β«ΡΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Β» Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π° Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Β«ΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΒ» Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ Β«Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΒ»
ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ¦ΠΠΠΠΠΠ― ΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ¦ΠΠ― Π Π’ΠΠ₯ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ§ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ Π ΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠ: ΠΠ’ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ Π ΠΠΠ’ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ Π‘Π’Π ΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠ?
The state of the innovation processes of modernization of the Russian economy. The slow progress in the creation of new technologies and their development, significantly lagging behind the normative assessments set by the federal documents. Based on the analysis of reasons for the low rate of innovation modernization makes proposals to address them in a new model of economic development that can provide innovative solutions to domestic demand, support for long production chains in the economy and harmonize the development of production, processing and manufacturing industries..Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΡ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ, ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΡ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ Π² ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ Π³Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΉ
ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ‘Π’Π Π Π£Π‘ΠΠΠΠΠ― ΠΠΠ ΠΠ₯ΠΠΠ Π ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ¦ΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ
The state of present Russian economics is discussed from the standpoint of conditions and problems of its transition to innovative economy. Since the time Russian economy begun transition to market relations, Russian scientific potential has suffered essential losts, its rehabilitation in XXI centuryproceeding slowly. Among numerous infrastructural, managerial and legal problems, there are those of the innovation sector Β«external encirclementΒ». While solving innovative development problems, both their numerous interconnection and simultaneous implementation of the results should be taken into account.Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΊ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅. ΠΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΊ ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ, Π° Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π° XXI Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ. Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ Β«Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΒ» ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°. Π Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½-Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²
ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ‘Π’Π ΠΠΠ£Π§ΠΠ-Π’ΠΠ₯ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ§ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠ Π ΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠ― Π ΠΠ₯ ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠ¬ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ Π ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ
In article laws of scientifically-technological development are considered. Their number concern traditional, base and new, formed. Possibilities and ways of the account of the listed laws are shown at forecasting of prospects of scientifically-technological development.Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ. Π ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΠ»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅, Π±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅, ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ² Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ
ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠ¦ΠΠΠΠ¬ΠΠ«Π ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ‘Π’Π ΠΠ ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ-Π¦ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π£ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ― Π Π£Π‘ΠΠΠΠΠ― ΠΠ₯ ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠ¬ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ―
The article discusses the possibility of program-oriented management of the development of the economy. Outlines the methodological foundations of Management by Objectives and show their perfection in accordance with the growing scale and complexity of controlled processes. The experience of applying these methods in theUSSR, the industrialized countries and inRussia. There is an incomplete utilization of program-oriented management in theUSSRand theRussian Federationand the shortcomings in addressing socio-economic and scientific-technological problems. To account for the uncertainty generated by the goals and ways to achieve them are invited to share the goal of two series connected subsets: ongoing and planned. The necessity and the possibility of reconciliation and the interests of performers and program managers in general. The possibilities for improving the methodology and its effective use in a market economy inRussiaand outside calls.Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ·Π»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π² Π‘Π‘Π‘Π , ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΈ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π‘Π‘Π‘Π ΠΈ Π² Π Π€ ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π½Π΅ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π½Π° Π΄Π²Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°: ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅. ΠΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π²ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ²
ΠΠΠΠ¨ΠΠΠ Π ΠΠΠ£Π’Π ΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ«ΠΠΠΠ« Π ΠΠΠ Π‘ΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠ« ΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ¦ΠΠ Π ΠΠ‘Π‘ΠΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ
Purpose: of the article is to analyze the causes of external and internal challenges that have emerged on the path of development of the Russian economy. The reasons for these challenges are also outlined and possible ways of overcoming them are outlined.Methods: the methodology of the research is based on the use of a systematic approach to the formation of a development space, the theory of competitive struggle, the construction of an information-logical model of a full cycle of justification and development management by identifying and eliminating bottlenecks in the development of socio-economic systems.Results: of the research consist of an attempt to rationalize the reasons for the emergence of external and internal challenges that counteract the country's socioeconomic development, and largely due to previous development mistakes, as well as the search for ways to eliminate these causes and their consequences. In particular, the list of external challenges for Russia, formed in recent years, is given and their causes are analyzed. It is noted that internal challenges affecting socio-economic development are due to a variety of reasons, formed both under the influence of external challenges, and as a result ofinefficient management of the economy. The main directions for eliminating the contradictions between the challenges and the causes of their occurrence are identified, on the basis of which a step-by-step approach to the construction and adjustment of the model of the Russian economy is recommended. The author considers three possible strategies of technological modernization of the economy, based on qualitative preferences. It is emphasized that the choice of the most preferable strategy for the development of the domestic economy can be local, and depends on the development of scenarios and the specific conditions for its implementation.Conclusions and Relevance: the main result of the article is the conclusion that it is necessary to counteract the existing challenges on the basis of restoring and further developing the competitiveness potential, including its key components, such as production and economic, defense, scientific and technological, personnel, etc., to the Russian Federation. An important direction of reforming the mechanisms of managing the Russian economy at different levels of management is the widespread use of project management.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ: Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ Π² Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΈ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡ
Π²ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π²ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ, Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π²ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ².ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ: ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π½Π° ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΊ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ, ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΡΡΠ±Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π° ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Β«ΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΒ» Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ: Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ΅ Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΈ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡ
Π²ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ, ΠΈ Π²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ² ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ. Π ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π²ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π²ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ. ΠΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Ρ, Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅, ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π²ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ², ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ. ΠΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π²ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
. ΠΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π² ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ.ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ: ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π Π€ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ Π²ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΠΌ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΡ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ, ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ, Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ, ΠΊΠ°Π΄ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΈ Ρ.Π΄. ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Ρ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Π£ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ
Purpose: in the article the problems of formation of conditions for Russiaβs social and economic development with a consideration of the present and recreated scientific and technological potential are considered. The purpose of the article consists in researching the sources of social and economic development of Russian economy in the medium- and long-term perspective, and also in rationalization of possibilities of their long term usage. Methods: the in the article methods of the comparative economic analysis, system approach to the economy development management as a complex self-recovering system with a potential, which has certain properties and regularities such as: complete social and economic system lifecycle, complete production cycle, technological structure, basic technologies, etc., are used. Results: during the research process if has been concluded that economic downturn in Russia was caused by economy export orientation of the initial repartitions and low added value resource products. Supporting such strategy were the economic instruments: taxes, ruble exchange rate, bank rate etc.Β Conclusions and Relevance: it has been shown that long-term development can be based mainly on usage of intensive factors. Even the involvement of Russian huge natural resources into the economic activity will not be able to completely solve a problem of prevention of degradation of the processing industrial economic sectors. Two key development terms are noted: investments and structural reform. It is noted that the main sources of investments are the internal and external ones. Increase of their potential is connected with adoption of tough strategic and political decisions. In its turn, effective usage of the expected increase in investments requires an urgent solution of competitive domestic technologies development problems, as well as problem of effective management of economy and its development on an innovative basis. Possibilities of positive structural renovation based on change of potential ratio of the extracting, processing, and final- processing industries and production of end products are shown. The directions and terms of domestic innovative sector reforming as well as strengthening of its positive impact on economy and society are discussed.Β Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ: Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅- ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π΅. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ: ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ: ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ» ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ», ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Ρ, Π±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄Ρ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ: Π ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ°Π΄ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π±ΡΠ» ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ² Ρ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ°: Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈ, ΠΊΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ±Π»Ρ, Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ Π΄Ρ. ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ: ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π΅, Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±Π°Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ. Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π²Π°: ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΎ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Π ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ, ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ, Π² ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ.
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