Frequency and structure of endocrine diseases in young elite athletes

There is no data on the prevalence of endocrine disorders in young elite athletes in Russia.Objective: to assess the prevalence of endocrine pathologies and their structure in children and adolescents involved in elite sport.Materials and methods: the study included data from outpatient records of members of national sports teams, who underwent special medical examination. The data of a random sample of 1081 outpatient cards of young athletes, for 26 sports, were analyzed.Results: we found a high prevalence of endocrine pathology (18.6 %) in children and adolescents involved in high-performance sports. Thyroid diseases are most the most frequent in young athletes (in 57.3 % of cases). On second place is obesity (12.3 %). The frequency of weight deficiency and short stature is 8.4 % each. Autoimmune thyroiditis occupies a leading place in the structure of thyroid pathology in young elite athletes. Subclinical hypothyroidism takes the second place, and nodular goiter — the third place.Conclusion: young elite athletes are characterized by a high frequency of endocrine pathology, the leading place in which is occupied by thyroid diseases. It is necessary to further studies aimed at assessing the mechanisms of hormonal adaptation in elite young athletes to assess their impact on the development of the child and the correct interpretation of the hormonal profile obtained during a special medical examination

Effect of testosterone in young ice-hockey players on hematological, biochemical parameters and the level of physical performance

Ice-hockey combines intense physical activity at high speed with elements of power struggle. Testosterone is the main anabolic hormone, an increase in which during adolescence is associated with faster growth, increased muscle mass, physical strength, and increased overall and aerobic performance. Thus, it is interesting to study the effect of different testosterone levels on metabolic parameters and physical performance of young ice-hockey players.Objective: to compare hematological and biochemical parameters, as well as exercise performance in young ice-hockey players, depending on the testosterone level.Materials and methods: the study included 100 young ice-hockey players aged 15–17 years (average age 15.3 ± 1.1 years). The study group included 25 young ice-hockey players with an increased level of total blood testosterone (> 27.5 nmol/l). The control group included 75 young athletes with normal testosterone levels. All athletes included in the study underwent the PWC 170 test to assess physical performance. Assessment of hematological parameters included hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit, red blood cell, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean concentration hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). β-crosslaps, myoglobin and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity were measured to assess the functional state of muscle and bone tissue.Results: A comparative assessment of the CBC in young ice-hockey players did not reveal significant differences depending on the level of serum testosterone level. Tolerance to physical activity in the study groups also did not differ. Young ice-hockey players with increased testosterone levels showed lower β-crosslaps values compared to the control group. The values of other biomarkers of the functional activity of muscle tissue did not depend on the level of testosterone levels.Conclusion: Increased serum testosterone level in the range from 27.5 to 40 nmol/l, detected in young ice-hockey players aged 15–17 years, is not associated with a change in hematological and biochemical parameters. High total testosterone levels do not improve physical performance. It is necessary to continue studies to assess the dynamics of the serum testosterone in young ice-hockey players to clarify the long-term effects of androgens on the metabolic and functional indicators of young athletes. Increasing serum testosterone levels in athletes is subject to wide discussion in the community of sports physicians and endocrinologists

The influence of physical exercises on the quality of life in ankylosing spondilitis

The article presents a literary review of the effect of exercises on quality of life, and the level of anxiety/depression in ankylosing spondylitis. A clinical case of a patient with ankylosing spondylitis, who has been doing physical exercises every day for forty years at refusal of drug therapy.В статье представлен литературный обзор влияния физических упражнений на качество жизни и уровень тревоги/депрессии при анкилозирующем спондилите. Приведен клинический случай пациента с анкилозирующим спондилитом, который на протяжении сорока лет ежедневно занимается физическими упражнениями при отказе от медикаментозной терапии

Uterine fibroid and its association with metabolic syndrome in women of reproductive age (literature review)

Uterine fibroid is one of the most common gynecological diseases in women of reproductive age and many aspects of this disease remain the subject of investigation. In particular, the role of the metabolic syndrome is of interest as a potential predictor of uterine fibroid or a comorbid condition that has pathogenetic significance.   The aim of this literature review is to systematize current data on the prevalence and associations of the metabolic syndrome and uterine fibroid in women of reproductive age.   Literature search was carried out using the scientific literature databases eLIBRARY, PubMed, NCBI, CyberLeninka, and the official IDF website for the period from 2010 to 2022. In PubMed search, we used the following terms: uterine fibroid, metabolic syndrome, uterine fibroid and metabolic syndrome, uterine myoma and metabolic syndrome, uterine myoma and metabolic disorders, uterine myoma and MetS. A total of 439 sources were analized, 32 sources met the search criteria.   Results. An analysis of the largest epidemiological studies conducted in recent years, both in non-selective populations and in hospital samples, demonstrates a significant prevalence of both uterine fibroid and metabolic syndrome among women. The results presented in the publications which were included in the review indicate that there is a relationship between the presence of uterine fibroid and the manifestations of the metabolic syndrome.   Conclusions. Uterine fibroid and metabolic syndrome are mutually aggravating conditions. Women with uterine fibroid have a worse risk profile for cardiovascular disease, and the presence of metabolic syndrome increases the risk of uterine fibroid. One of the ways to reduce the risk of occurrence and growth of uterine fibroid is the timely correction of the metabolic syndrome and its components. On the other hand, the presence of uterine fibroid should be considered as a basis for active detection of metabolic disorders and cardiovascular risks

Dynamics of the structure of open globe injuries according to the Sverdlovsk regional ophthalmotraumatological center database for the period from 2011 to 2021(preliminary report)

The aim of the study- to analyze the structure of OGI according to the hospital of the Sverdlovsk regional ophthalmotraumatological center database for 2019 and 2021 and compare it with previously published data of 2011.Цель исследования - проанализировать структуру ОТГ по данным стационара Свердловского областного офтальмотравматологического центра за 2019 и 2021 годы и сравнить её с опубликованными ранее данными 2011 года

Complex ultrasound diagnostic assessment of the results of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer (Stages IIB–IIIB)

Background. Current complex ultrasound diagnosis using novel imaging techniques can assess, to a high accuracy, different tumor parameters during neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) for locally advanced cervical cancer (CC) (Stages IIB–IIB). This assessment is very important and necessary to define further treatment policy.Materials and methods. A total of 199 patients diagnosed with Stages IIB–IIIB CC, including 60 patients with Stage IIB (T2bN0M0), 4 with Stage IIIА (T3aN0M0), and 135 with Stage IIIВ (T2bN1M0, T3aN1M0, T3bN0–1M0) (according to the International Federationof Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) classification), who received NCT at Stage 1 of treatment, were examined. Complex ultrasound study was conducted before treatment initiation and after each NCT cycle. The therapeutic pathomorphism of a tumor was evaluated in surgically treated patients.Results. The criteria have been determined for evaluating the efficiency of NCT for locally advanced CC, which are based on current ultrasonographic techniques including B-mode, Doppler ultrasound (power, spectral, three-dimensional ones), as well as on the results of therapeutic pathomorphism.Conclusion. The criteria for evaluating the efficiency of NCT for CC should be based on current complex ultrasonographic techniques

Positive and negative streamers in ambient air: modeling evolution and velocities

We simulate short positive and negative streamers in air at standard temperature and pressure. They evolve in homogeneous electric fields or emerge from needle electrodes with voltages of 10 to 20 kV. The streamer velocity at given streamer length depends only weakly on the initial ionization seed, except in the case of negative streamers in homogeneous fields. We characterize the streamers by length, head radius, head charge and field enhancement. We show that the velocity of positive streamers is mainly determined by their radius and in quantitative agreement with recent experimental results both for radius and velocity. The velocity of negative streamers is dominated by electron drift in the enhanced field; in the low local fields of the present simulations, it is little influenced by photo-ionization. Though negative streamer fronts always move at least with the electron drift velocity in the local field, this drift motion broadens the streamer head, decreases the field enhancement and ultimately leads to slower propagation or even extinction of the negative streamer.Comment: 18 pages, 10 figure

Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in patients with endocrine ophthalmopathy and Graves’ disease: A predictor of treatment efficiency

Current therapeutic approaches to the treatment of endocrine ophthalmopathy (EOP) are based on nonspecific immunosuppression with glucocorticosteroids (GCs) and radiation therapy of the eye orbits. However, some patients exhibit resistance to the treatment. In a previous study, we have detected high levels of soluble cytokine receptors: sTNFα-R1, sTNFα-R2, sIL-2R, and the TGF-β1 cytokine in euthyroid patients with long-lasting non-treated EOP and Graves’ disease (GD). TGF-β1 level was significantly higher in the patients with EOP compared to healthy individuals, and increased with prolonged EOP duration, thus suggesting activation of the factors regulating immune system which promote suppression of the autoimmune process. The aim of this work was to study the dynamics of TGF-β1 and cytokine receptors: sTNFα-R1, sTNFα-R2, sIL-2R in the course of immunosuppressive therapy with high doses of GCs, as possible predictors of treatment efficacy. The study included 49 patients (98 eye orbits) with GD of euthyroid state and subclinical thyrotoxicosis, and the persons with EOP in active phase, who had not previously treatment for EOP. Concentrations of TGF-β1 cytokine, sTNFα-RI and sTNFα-R2, sIL-2R, antibodies to the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (rTSH), free fractions of thyroxine (fT4) and triiodothyronine (fT3), TSH in blood serum were determined in blood serum. Ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland (ultrasound of the thyroid gland), multi-layer computed tomography (MSCT)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the orbits were also performed. The patients were administered immunosuppressive therapy with high doses of HCs (methylprednisolone) in the course of pulse therapy, at a standard dosage of 4500-8000 mg, taking into account the severity and activity of the EOP clinical manifestations. The examination was carried out 3, 6, 12 months after starting the treatment. 3 and 6 months after the GC administration, more than 30% of patients remained resistant to treatment. The levels of TGF-β1 did not change significantly in the patients with positive EOP dynamics. In the patients resistant to GC treatment, the level of TGF-β1 was significantly decreased compared with patients who showed positive clinical dynamics. The level of sNFR1 and sNFaR2 did not change significantly. There were no significant differences in the levels of antibodies to rTSH, thyroid hormones in the patients resistant to GC treatment and with positive dynamics.Immunosuppressive therapy with high-dose of methylprednisolone in pulse therapy regimen showed high efficacy and good tolerability, while some patients remain resistant to treatment. Lower levels of TGF-β1 cytokine at initial time and during the treatment allow usage of TGF-β1 levels as a biomarker of the activity of the process, treatment efficiency, and prognosis of the disease. Activation of TGF-β1, a fibroblast growth factor, may contribute to the development of fibrosis, strabismus, and diplopia

Number and structure of hospitalizations of patients with eye injuries from 2001 to 2021 in the Sverdlovsk regional ophthalmotraumatological center (preliminary report)

The aim of the study- to study the number and structure of hospitalizations of patients with eye injuries in dynamics for the period from 2001 to 2021 according to the hospital of the Sverdlovsk Regional Ophthalmotraumatological Center database.Цель исследования - изучить число и структуру госпитализаций пациентов с глазными травмами в динамике за период с 2001 по 2021 год по данным стационара Свердловского областного офтальмо-травматологического центра