SURVEYING AND DOCUMENTING OF THE CULTIVATED PLANTS AND EVALUATION OF AIR POLLUTION IN HISTORICAL GARDENS IN ALEXANDRIA, EGYPT (B) ANTONIADIS GARDEN

Second only to Cairo in terms of population and density, Alexandria is one of Egypt’s major cities. It has been one of the major metropolises in the ancient world in terms of culture, intellect, politics, and economy from its founding in the late third century BC. Since the Ptolemaic era, Alexandria’s elegant urban environment has always been reflected in the building of gardens and public areas for its citizens. The collection of the garden profiles is divided into two sets. The main one includes historical context, archaeological installations, and a summary of the key features that define this park. The second group consists of a survey of the garden-cultivated plants. Numerous plant species, including trees, shrubs, climbers, palms, and succulents, can be found in the garden. These categories are comprised of 132 species, 103 genera, and 45 families. Due to their old age and consequently low numbers in Alexandria, the plant groups cultivated in the Antoniadis garden have a high value. There are some plant groupings in the garden, but there aren’t enough of them there to fill out the groups and restore the area’s wonder and splendour. The air pollution tolerance index (APTI) was determined for various plants grown in the garden because it is situated in the middle of Alexandria (Semouha zone), which denotes that it is situated in a region with medium-density traffi

RESPONSE OF LANTANA CAMARA PLANTS TO FOLIAR APPLIED CITRIC ACID FOR DECREASING THE HARMFUL EFFECT OF HEAVY METALS POLLUTION IN THE IRRIGATION WATER (B) EFFECT OF NICKEL

The present study was carried-out at Antoniadis Research Branch, Horticultural Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Alexandria, Egypt during two successive seasons of 2018 and 2019. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of irrigation water polluted with nickel on the growth of Lantana camara plants and the possibility of using citric acid spray treatments to overcome the effects of nickel pollution. Transplants of Lantana camara were planted individually in plastic pots (20 cm diameter) filled with 5 kg of sandy soil. The nickel polluted irrigation water treatments were 0, 100, 200 and 300 mg/l. The plants were monthly sprayed with citric acid at concentrations of 0, 250 and 500 mg/l. The results showed that for vegetative growth parameters there were non significant differences in the interaction between nickel concentrations and foliar spray with citric acid, while significant reduction was observed in all parameters after irrigation with nickel polluted water and significant increase in vegetative growth parameters were observed after 500 mg/l citric acid application. For total chlorophyll and carbohydrate content, the highest significant values were obtained in plants irrigated with tap water and sprayed with 250 mg/l citric acid while the highest significant level of nickel content in the leaves, stem and roots was obtained due treatment by 300 mg/l nickel without application of citric acid

EFFECT OF FOLIAR APPLIED SALICYLIC ACID ON GROWTH AND FLOWERING OF GAZANIA RIGENS L. PLANT UNDER SALT STRESS

This investigation was carried out at the nursery, Department of Floriculture, Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Gardening, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, during 2019 and 2020 seasons. The study was a trial to investigate the effect of different levels of salinity (0, 1000, 2000 and 3000 mg/l) and different concentrations of salicylic acid sprayed on the leaves (0, 100 and 200 mg/l) and their combinations on the vegetative growth and some chemical constituents of Gazania rigensplants grown in plastic pots of 30 cm filled with a sandy clay soil (1:1 v/v). The results revealed that the salinity level of irrigation water was more effective than salicylic acid concentrations on the all studied characteristics of Gazania rigensplant. Additionally, using the tap water (control) combined with salicylic acid at 200 mg/l gave the significantly highest values of leaves number, leaves dry weight, leaves area, number of flowers per plant, flower dry weight, root length, root dry weight, chlorophyll, proline, sodium and carbohydrates (%) of the leaves. Generally, it is recommended to irrigate the plants cultivated in the sandy clay soil (1:1 v/v) three times per week with using level of saline irrigation water no more than 3000 mg/l combined with salicylic acid at the rate of 200 mg/l to induce improvements in the vegetative, floral growth and some chemical constituents of Gazania rigensplants

RESPONSE OF LANTANA CAMARA PLANTS TO FOLIAR APPLIED CITRIC ACID FOR DECREASING THE HARMFUL EFFECT OF HEAVY METALS POLLUTION IN THE IRRIGATION WATER (C) EFFECT OF LEAD

The present study was carried-out at Antoniadis Research Branch, Horticultural Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Alexandria, Egypt during two successive seasons of 2018 and 2019. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of irrigation water contaminated with lead on the growth of Lantana camara plants and the possibility of using citric acid spray treatments to overcome the effects of lead pollution. Seedlings of Lantana camara were planted individually in plastic pots (20 cm diameter) filled with 5 kg of sandy soil. The lead contaminated irrigation water treatments were 0,100, 200 and 300 mg/l. The plants were also monthly sprayed by citric acid at concentrations of 0, 250 and 500 mg/l. The results showed that for vegetative growth parameters there were no significant difference in the interaction between lead concentrations in water of irrigation and foliar spray by citric acid, while significant reductions were observed in all parameters after irrigation with lead contaminated water. However, significant increases in vegetative growth parameters were observed after 500 mg/l citric acid application. For chlorophyll and carbohydrate contents, the highest significant value was obtained in plants irrigated with tap water and sprayed with 250 mg/l citric acid while the highest significant level of lead content in leaves, stem and roots was obtained due treatment by 300 mg/l lead without application of citric acid

EFFECT OF LEAD AND CADMIUM IN IRRIGATION WATER AND FOLIAR APPLIED MALIC ACID ON VEGETATIVE GROWTH, FLOWERING AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SALVIA SPLENDENS PLANTS (B) EFFECT OF CADMIUM

The present study was carried-out at Antoniadis Botanical Garden Research Branch, Horticultural Research Institute, A.R.C. Alexandria, Egypt during the two successive seasons of 2018 and 2019. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of irrigation water contaminated with cadmium on Salvia splendens plants grown in a sandy soil, for possibilities of using malic acid spray treatments to overcome the effects of lead pollution. Seedlings of Salvia splendens were individually planted in plastic pots (20 cm diameter) filled with 5 kg of sandy soil. Four concentrations of cadmium 0,100, 200 and 300 mg/l were applied in the irrigation water. The plants were sprayed with malic acid at concentrations of 0, 250 and 500 mg/l at monthly internals in both seasons. The results showed that for vegetative and flowering growth parameters, there was no significant interaction between cadmium concentrations and foliar spray by malic acid, while significant reduction were observed in all parameters after irrigation with contaminated water with cadmium and significant increase in vegetative and flowering growth parameters were observed after 250 mg/l malic acid application. For chlorophyll and carbohydrate content the significantly highest value was obtained from plants irrigated with tap water and sprayed with 500 mg/l malic acid while the significantly highest cadmium content in leaves, stem and roots was obtained due to the treatment of 300 mg/l without application of malic acid

EFFECT OF LEAD AND CADMIUM IN IRRIGATION WATER AND FOLIAR APPLIED MALIC ACID ON VEGETATIVE GROWTH, FLOWERING AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SALVIA SPLENDENS PLANTS (A) EFFECT OF LEAD

The present study was carried-out at Antoniadis Botanical Garden Research Branch, Horticultural Research Institute, A.R.C., Alexandria, Egypt during the two successive seasons of 2018 and 2019. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of irrigation water contaminated with lead on Salvia splendens plants grown in a sandy soil, for possibilities of using malic acid spray treatments to overcome the effects of lead pollution. Seedlings of Salvia splendens were planted individually in plastic pots (20 cm diameter) filled with 5 kg of sandy soil. Four concentrations of lead 0, 100, 200 and 300 mg/l were applied in the irrigation water. The plants were treated with malic acid at concentrations of 0, 250 and 500 mg/l by monthly spraying in both seasons. The results showed that for vegetative and flowering growth parameters, there was no significant interaction between lead concentrations and foliar spray by malic acid, while a significant reduction was observed in all parameters after irrigation with contaminated water with lead and a significant increase in vegetative and flowering growth parameters was observed after 500 mg/l malic acid application. For chlorophyll and carbohydrate contents, the highest significant values were obtained from plants irrigated with tap water and sprayed with 500 mg/l malic acid while the highest significant lead content in leaves, stem and roots was obtained in the treatment of 300 mg/l without application of malic acid