Methyl 4-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,5,6-tetra­hydro-4H-pyrrolo[3,2,1-ij]quinoline-6-carboxyl­ate

In the title mol­ecule, C14H15NO3, the six-membered heterocyclic ring exhibits an envelope conformation. In the crystal, C—H⋯π inter­actions link the mol­ecules into centrosymmetric dimers, and weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link these dimers into columns propagated along [100]

Diversity of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits and evaluation of genetic similarities in spring bread wheats from different breeding centers

Background. Glutenin is a storage protein in wheat seeds, important for the quality of bread prepared from wheat. Studying glutenin polymorphism can help to identify valuable genotypes and promising new breeding lines for further crossings. The aim of this study was to identify subunits of glutenin and determine alleles at the Glu-1 loci in the spring bread wheat germplasm collection. Materials and methods. A panel of 54 Russian and 76 Kazakh bread wheat germplasm accessions from various breeding centers was selected. Gliadin electrophoresis was carried out in a concentrating and separating polyacrylamide gel system following the Laemmli method. Glutenin subunits were identified according to the catalogue produced by Payne and Lawrence. Results and discussion. At the Glu-A1 locus, two alleles, b and  c, were identified, with different frequencies of occurrence among studied wheat accessions. The Glu-A1b allele occurred more frequently than Glu-A1с in the studied germplasm from all breeding centers. Meanwhile, six alleles, а, b, c, d, f and g, were found at the Glu-B1 locus. The most frequently occurring Glu-B1с allele encoded two subunits (7+9). The third homologous gene, Glu-D1, had only two identified alleles, a and d, with various frequencies among the studied wheat accessions. Wheat germplasm of various origin had specific combinations of glutenin subunits, providing different scores of grain quality. For example, the combination of glutenin subunits, 2*, 7+9 and 5+10, provided the highest score (= 9) of grain quality. A single change in the Glu-1 subunit composition, 2*, 7+9 and 2+12, caused a reduction in grain quality (= 7 score); and the combination of Null, 7 and 5+10 was accompanied by the lowest (= 6) grain quality. The analysis showed that two loci, Glu-A1 and Glu-B1, induced significant differences between wheat accessions originated from Tyumen and Chelyabinsk, while the accessions from Chelyabinsk and East Kazakhstan differed significantly at the Glu-A1 and Glu-D1 loci

Identification and characterization of antibacterial compound(s) of cockroaches (Periplaneta americana)

Infectious diseases remain a significant threat to human health, contributing to more than 17 million deaths, annually. With the worsening trends of drug resistance, there is a need for newer and more powerful antimicrobial agents. We hypothesized that animals living in polluted environments are potential source of antimicrobials. Under polluted milieus, organisms such as cockroaches encounter different types of microbes, including superbugs. Such creatures survive the onslaught of superbugs and are able to ward off disease by producing antimicrobial substances. Here, we characterized antibacterial properties in extracts of various body organs of cockroaches (Periplaneta americana) and showed potent antibacterial activity in crude brain extract against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and neuropathogenic E. coli K1. The size-exclusion spin columns revealed that the active compound(s) are less than 10 kDa in molecular mass. Using cytotoxicity assays, it was observed that pre-treatment of bacteria with lysates inhibited bacteria-mediated host cell cytotoxicity. Using spectra obtained with LC-MS on Agilent 1290 infinity liquid chromatograph, coupled with an Agilent 6460 triple quadruple mass spectrometer, tissues lysates were analyzed. Among hundreds of compounds, only a few homologous compounds were identified that contained isoquinoline group, chromene derivatives, thiazine groups, imidazoles, pyrrole containing analogs, sulfonamides, furanones, flavanones, and known to possess broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties, and possess anti-inflammatory, anti-tumour, and analgesic properties. Further identification, characterization and functional studies using individual compounds can act as a breakthrough in developing novel therapeutics against various pathogens including superbugs

Long-term controlled antihypertensive therapy in Chernobyl liquidators, its effectiveness and benefits

Aim. To compare effectiveness of controlled antihypertenive therapy (AHT) and standard outpatient care among Chernobyl male liquidators (ML) with mild to moderate arterial hypertension (AH). Material and methods. This 12-month, open, comparative randomized study included 81 ML aged 37-70, with mild to moderate AH. The main group consisted of 42 patients, the control group – of 39; mean age 52.2±1.3 and 51.5±1.1 years, mean AH duration 10±1 and 9.6±1 years, respectively. In main group, patients received an ACE inhibitor spirapril, combined with hypothiazide (12.5-25 mg/d), and atenolol (12.5-100 mg/d), if necessary. In control group, AHT and its correction were performed by outpatient physicians. Medical history collection, physical examination, anthropometry, blood pressure (BP) measurement (three times), and electrocardiograpy were performed. Results. During one-year controlled AHT, comparing to standard outpatient care, more effective decrease in systolic and diastolic BP was achieved. Antihypertensive effect was registered in 78.6% and 38.0% of the main and control group patients, respectively. At the end of the study, most participants from the main group ((78.6%) received combined therapy (2 or more drugs); in control group, this number was only 17.2%. Conclusion. The results of the study demonstrated high effectiveness and benefits of long-term controlled AHT, comparing to standard outpatient care

SUBPOPULATIONAL FEATURES OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD CELLS IN THE PATIENTS WITH AUTOIMMUNE MYOCARDITIS: CLINICAL AND PATHOGENETIC ASPECTS

<strong>Abstract. </strong>The goal of our research was comparative study of the most important parameters of subset cytoarchitectonics in the patients with the different courses of myocarditis and evaluation of their pathogenetic and clinical value in the practice of the physician. We have investigated 99 patients with myocarditis and 40 healthy donors. In patients with malignant course of disease we revealed increased activation index of T/B-cells; increased expression of the activation markers on the both lines of differentiation; disproportion in the immunoregulatory subsets with increased role of dendric cells; decreased intensity of the autoreactive T-cells apoptosis. in the patient with the In patients with nonmalignant course of disease expressed signs of immunopathology were not found. Thus, study of activation markers on the cells of the peripheral blood is more informative and noninvasive method of diagnostics of myocarditis

Creation of a Composite Bioactive Coating with Antibacterial Effect Promising for Bone Implantation

When creating titanium-containing bone implants, the bioactive coatings that promote their rapid engraftment are important. The engraftment rate of titanium implants with bone tissue depends significantly on the modification of the implant surface. It is achieved by changing either the relief or the chemical composition of the surface layer, as well as a combination of these two factors. In this work, we studied the creation of composite coatings with a two-level (the micro- and nanolevel) hierarchy of the surface relief, which have bioactive and bactericidal properties, which are promising for bone implantation. Using the developed non-lithographic template electrochemical synthesis, a composite coating on titanium with a controlled surface structure was created based on an island-type TiO2 film, silver and hydroxyapatite (HAp). This TiO2/Ag/HAp composite coating has a developed surface relief at the micro- and nanolevels and has a significant cytological response and the ability to accelerate osteosynthesis, and also has an antibacterial effect. Thus, the developed biomaterial is suitable for production of dental and orthopedic implants with improved biomedical properties