5 research outputs found

    ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π½ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎβ€‘Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Γ³Π΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ баланса Π½Π° сСвСрном склонС Заилийского Алатау

    Get PDF
    Analysis of changes in WB components (precipitation, evaporation, glacier runoff, dynamical water resources) onΒ the Northern slope of the Zailiisky Alatau was performed for the 1946–2005 time divided into two periods: 1946–1975 and 1976–2005. The territory under investigation included basins of the following rivers: Bolshaya Almatinka,Β Malaya Almatinka, Talgar, Turgen, Issyk, Chemolgan, Kaskelen, Kargalinka, Prohodnaya, and Uzunkargaly. TheirΒ total area down to the closing gauge points amounts to 2644 km2. Summarized glacier areas in these basins andΒ annual runoff were equal, respectively, to: 306.6 km2 and 39.05 km3in 1946–1975, and 253.0 km2 and 38.35 km3 inΒ 1975–2005. In 1946–2005, typical features of regional glaciation dynamics were increasing area of the moraine coverΒ on glaciers and reducing area of bare ice that results in decreasing of the glacial runoff volume, all other factors beingΒ the same. The method to calculate the WB components consists of the following constituents: model of seasonalΒ runoff from melted snow and ice in the areas of accumulation and ablation of glaciers; complex of formulas to calculateΒ precipitation, air temperature and humidity, intensity of ice melting under the moraine, bare ice and evaporationΒ within the height intervals corresponding to the main types of surfaces on the glaciers. On the basis of our method,Β we could reconstruct for the 1876–2015 period long‑term series of data on a runoff, separately annual values andΒ sums for the vegetation periods. They can be used for regional scientific and applied analyses of the river stream discharges.Β The data on runoff in the Malaya Almatinka River basin and observational data on the meteorological stationΒ Almaty (Hydrometeorological Observatory) had been quantitatively substantiated as the representative informationΒ for modeling and calculation of water resources on the Northern slope of the Zailiisky Alatau Range.Анализ измСнСния ΡΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ баланса (осадки, испарСниС, Π»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΉ сток, динамичСскиС запасы Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹) Π½Π° сСвСрном склонС Заилийского Алатау Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ для Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Γ³Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π²Π°Π»Π° 1946–2005 Π³Π³.,Β Ρ€Π°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ‘Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π° Π΄Π²Π΅ части: 1946–1975 ΠΈ 1976–2005 Π³Π³. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π½ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ†Ρ‹ Ρ€Π°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΒ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π² сСбя бассСйны ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Ρ€Π΅ΠΊ: Π‘ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠ°Ρ Алматинка, Малая Алматинка, Аксай, Π’Π°Π»Π³Π°Ρ€, Π’ΡƒΡ€Π³Π΅Π½ΡŒ, Π˜ΡΡΡ‹ΠΊ, Π§Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π³Π°Π½, КаскСлСн, ΠšΠ°Ρ€Π³Π°Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ°, ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ, Π£Π·ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π³Π°Π»Ρ‹ с обшСй ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ‰Π°Π΄ΡŒΡŽ Π΄ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΌΡ‹ΠΊΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ…Β Π³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΠ² 2644 ΠΊΠΌ2. Π‘ΡƒΠΌΠΌΠ°Ρ€Π½Ρ‹Π΅ значСния ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ‰Π°Π΄ΠΈ олСдСнСния Π² этих бассСйнах ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΡ‘ΠΌ стока по Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ гидрологичСских ΠΈ гляциологичСских справочников 1946–1975 Π³Π³. Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π²Π½Ρ‹ соотвСтствСнно 306,6 ΠΊΠΌ2 ΠΈ 39,05 ΠΊΠΌ3, Π° Π² 1976–2005 Π³Π³. – 253,0 ΠΊΠΌ2 ΠΈ 38,35 ΠΊΠΌ3. Π₯Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Ρ‹Π΅ свойства Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ олСдСнСния Π² 1946–2005 Π³Π³. – ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ‰Π°Π΄ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡ€Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π° Π½Π° Π»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ… ΠΈ сокращСниС площади ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ льда, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‡ΠΈΡ… Ρ€Π°Π²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… условиях, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ ΠΊ ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡŒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΡ‘ΠΌΠ° Π»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ стока. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ опрСдСлСния ΡΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ баланса Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Π² сСбя ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹: модСль сСзонного стока ΠΎΡ‚ таяния снСга ΠΈ льда Π² областях аккумуляции ΠΈ абляции Π»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²; комплСкс расчётных Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡƒΠ» для опрСдСлСния осадков, Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹ ΠΈ влаТности Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡƒΡ…Π°, интСнсивности Ρ‚Π°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΒ Π»ΡŒΠ΄Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΌΠΎΡ€Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΉ, ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ льда ΠΈ испарСния Π² ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π²Π°Π»Π°Ρ… высоты для основных Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² повСрхности Π½Π°Β Π»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ…. РСконструированы ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»Π΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ряды Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π²Π΅Π³Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ стока Π·Π° 1876–2015 Π³Π³., ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Π΅ для Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… исслСдований водоносности Ρ€Π΅ΠΊ. ΠšΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ обоснована Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π·Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ стока Π² бассСйнС Ρ€. Малая Алматинка ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… наблюдСний Π½Π° мСтСостанции Алматы для модСлирования ΠΈ расчёта Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… рСсурсов Π½Π° сСвСрном склонС Заилийского Алатау

    Spatial‑temporal variability of water balance components in the North area of the Zailiisky Alatau Range

    No full text
    Analysis of changes in WB components (precipitation, evaporation, glacier runoff, dynamical water resources) onΒ the Northern slope of the Zailiisky Alatau was performed for the 1946–2005 time divided into two periods: 1946–1975 and 1976–2005. The territory under investigation included basins of the following rivers: Bolshaya Almatinka,Β Malaya Almatinka, Talgar, Turgen, Issyk, Chemolgan, Kaskelen, Kargalinka, Prohodnaya, and Uzunkargaly. TheirΒ total area down to the closing gauge points amounts to 2644 km2. Summarized glacier areas in these basins andΒ annual runoff were equal, respectively, to: 306.6 km2 and 39.05 km3in 1946–1975, and 253.0 km2 and 38.35 km3 inΒ 1975–2005. In 1946–2005, typical features of regional glaciation dynamics were increasing area of the moraine coverΒ on glaciers and reducing area of bare ice that results in decreasing of the glacial runoff volume, all other factors beingΒ the same. The method to calculate the WB components consists of the following constituents: model of seasonalΒ runoff from melted snow and ice in the areas of accumulation and ablation of glaciers; complex of formulas to calculateΒ precipitation, air temperature and humidity, intensity of ice melting under the moraine, bare ice and evaporationΒ within the height intervals corresponding to the main types of surfaces on the glaciers. On the basis of our method,Β we could reconstruct for the 1876–2015 period long‑term series of data on a runoff, separately annual values andΒ sums for the vegetation periods. They can be used for regional scientific and applied analyses of the river stream discharges.Β The data on runoff in the Malaya Almatinka River basin and observational data on the meteorological stationΒ Almaty (Hydrometeorological Observatory) had been quantitatively substantiated as the representative informationΒ for modeling and calculation of water resources on the Northern slope of the Zailiisky Alatau Range

    Interrelation Between Glacier Summer Mass Balance And Runoff In Mountain River Basins

    Get PDF
    Measurements of summer mass balance Bs, made over the period 1946-2016, on 56 continental glaciers, located in the basins of mountain rivers in 14 countries, were analysed for the purpose of resolving several tasks: (a) constructing physically based interrelations between river flow Wbas and Bs; (b) estimating the representativeness of local measurement of Bs for enhancement of hydrological computations and for control of modelled values Wbas; and (c) use of time series of Bs for the evaluation of norms and extrema of Wbas. Results of the study of the outlined problem serve as the basis for making the transition of local glaciological characteristics to the basin-wide level by using the relationship between runoff and summer balance of glaciers. It includes also analysis and conclusions on the spatial and temporal homogeneity of averaging glaciological mass balance data by the sampling method

    Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and associated lower extremity disease

    Get PDF
    Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases. The cause of lower limb damage in type 2 diabetes is not only widely studied angiopathies and diabetic polyneuropathy, but also other risk factors. These include old age, obesity, involutive hormonal disorders, decreased immune protection, and others. These conditions, in turn, play a key role in the formation of severe comorbid diseases of the lower extremities, considered in the review: chronic venous disease, disorders of skin microcirculation in the lower extremities, skin diseases, damage to the musculoskeletal system and joint syndrome. The combination of type 2 diabetes mellitus and comorbid diseases considered in the review is particularly significant for conducting scientific research and searching for optimal ways to manage of such patients.Π‘Π°Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π±Π΅Ρ‚ являСтся ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· самых распространСнных хроничСских Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ пораТСния Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡ… конСчностСй ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ сахарном Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π±Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ 2 Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠ° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π½Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π°Π½Π³ΠΈΠΎΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ диабСтичСская полинСйропатия, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ риска. Π‘Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΉ возраст, ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΈΠ½Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ расстройства, сниТСниС ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹ ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€. Π”Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ состояния Π² свою ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΡŒ ΠΈΠ³Ρ€Π°ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π²ΡƒΡŽ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ Π² Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ тяТСлых ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ€Π±ΠΈΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡ… конСчностСй, рассмотрСнных Π² ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€Π΅: хроничСская вСнозная болСзнь, Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ микроциркуляции Π² Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡ… конСчностях, заболСвания ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎ-скСлСтной систСмы ΠΈ суставной синдром. Π‘ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ сахарного Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π±Π΅Ρ‚Π° 2 Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠ° ΠΈ рассмотрСнных Π² ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ€Π±ΠΈΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ прСдставляСтся особо Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΡ‹ΠΌ для провСдСния Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… исслСдований ΠΈ поиска ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π΅ΠΉ вСдСния Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ… Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ…
    corecore