Estimating the cost of CO2 mitigation by feed in tariff approach in the Philippines

The Philippines is located in Southeast Asia characterized by a tropical weather and high level of rain which makes this country as a high potential in generating electricity by hydro-power and wind.Solar potential at this country is one of the highest in the world.All these opportunities help the country to replace clean and green renewable energies instead of fossil sources which will reduce the amount of produced carbon dioxide significantly.This study illustrates the Philippines attempts for encouraging investors for investing in renewable energies.Meanwhile the cost of avoiding carbon by generating electricity by solar panels estimated and compared with the other parts of the world.The conclusion shows despite of all opportunities in the country still cost of avoiding CO2 by using solar panels in the Philippines is higher than average world price

The Outcome of Minimally Invasive Discectomy in Single Level Lumbar Disc Prolapse

Abstract Lumbar disc surgery in carefully selected patients who have failed conservative treatments can significantly improve quality of life. Minimally invasive treatment of lumbar disc herniation has been popularized in recent years. The aim of the study was to assess the outcome of minimal invasive (loupe) discectomy among lumbar disc prolapse patients in Sulaimani. A prospective study carried out in Shar and Sulaimani Teaching hospitals in Sulaimani city for period from 1 st of February, 2013 to end of June, 2014 on sample of 30 patients with single level lumbar disc prolapse admitted to orthopedic units. The data were collected by the researcher through direct interview and filling a prepared questionnaire. The outcome of surgery was evaluated by comparing the symptoms (back pain, leg pain, and leg parathesia) and the muscle power grading (EHL & FHL) of the patients pre-and post-operatively. Mean age of studied patients was 39.1 ± 9.3 years. Males were more than females. Disc prolapse level was L4-L5 among 17 and L5-S1 among 13 patients. Studying the symptoms pre-and post-operatively, revealed significant decrease in leg pain, leg parathesia and back pain post-operatively (p < 0.001). Studying EHL & FHL power grading preand post-operatively, revealed significant increase in muscle power grades 4 and grade 5 postoperatively (p < 0.001). We concluded that minimal invasive discectomy is good and safe treatment option for lumbar disc prolapse

Histopathological Study of The Effect of Cisplatin on The Ovaries of Females' Albino Mice

Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic agent used for treatment of solid tumors and is asserted as an intermediately gonadotoxic agent. The present study was designed to study the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin on the ovaries of females' albino mice. Twenty adult albino females' mice (11 weeks old, with 25gm average weight) were randomly divided into two groups. Group (1) injected i.p. 0.025mg cisplatin\kg B.W. as a single dose, group (2) control. Ten females (five from each group) were dissected after 6 days from injection, while the remaining ten females were dissected after 12 days. Then the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin on both ovarian follicles was evaluated by separately counting each follicle in the histological sections, in addition to study their histopathological changes. The results showed that treatment with cisplatin caused a significant decreased number of ovarian follicles compared with control group and this effect was increased with time after administration. The histopathological study revealed that cisplatin caused damaged in both cortical ovarian follicles and medulla layers. These damages included the detachment of tunica albugina from the ovarian tissues; congestion of blood vessels, pyknosis, shrinkage and deforming of the follicular ova; pyknosis of granulosa cells and their detachment from the basement membrane; disorganization of granulosa cells in addition to disruption of their intracellular contacts with oocytes and destruction of theca cells. In conclusion: treatment with single dose of cisplatin caused damage and significant decrease in number of ovarian follicles which may result in females' infertility