A human glomerular SAGE transcriptome database

Background: To facilitate in the identification of gene products important in regulating renal glomerular structure and function, we have produced an annotated transcriptome database for normal human glomeruli using the SAGE approach. Description: The database contains 22,907 unique SAGE tag sequences, with a total tag count of 48,905. For each SAGE tag, the ratio of its frequency in glomeruli relative to that in 115 non-glomerular tissues or cells, a measure of transcript enrichment in glomeruli, was calculated. A total of 133 SAGE tags representing well-characterized transcripts were enriched 10-fold or more in glomeruli compared to other tissues. Comparison of data from this study with a previous human glomerular Sau3A-anchored SAGE library reveals that 47 of the highly enriched transcripts are common to both libraries. Among these are the SAGE tags representing many podocyte-predominant transcripts like WT-1, podocin and synaptopodin. Enrichment of podocyte transcript tags SAGE library indicates that other SAGE tags observed at much higher frequencies in this glomerular compared to non-glomerular SAGE libraries are likely to be glomerulus-predominant. A higher level of mRNA expression for 19 transcripts represented by glomerulus-enriched SAGE tags was verified by RT-PCR comparing glomeruli to lung, liver and spleen. Conclusions: The database can be retrieved from, or interrogated online at http://cgap.nci.nih.gov/SAGE. The annotated database is also provided as an additional file with gene identification for 9,022, and matches to the human genome or transcript homologs in other species for 1,433 tags. It should be a useful tool for in silico mining of glomerular gene expression

MicroRNA-145 Regulates Human Corneal Epithelial Differentiation

Epigenetic factors, such as microRNAs, are important regulators in the self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells and progenies. Here we investigated the microRNAs expressed in human limbal-peripheral corneal (LPC) epithelia containing corneal epithelial progenitor cells (CEPCs) and early transit amplifying cells, and their role in corneal epithelium.Human LPC epithelia was extracted for small RNAs or dissociated for CEPC culture. By Agilent Human microRNA Microarray V2 platform and GeneSpring GX11.0 analysis, we found differential expression of 18 microRNAs against central corneal (CC) epithelia, which were devoid of CEPCs. Among them, miR-184 was up-regulated in CC epithelia, similar to reported finding. Cluster miR-143/145 was expressed strongly in LPC but weakly in CC epithelia (P = 0.0004, Mann-Whitney U-test). This was validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Locked nucleic acid-based in situ hybridization on corneal rim cryosections showed miR-143/145 presence localized to the parabasal cells of limbal epithelium but negligible in basal and superficial epithelia. With holoclone forming ability, CEPCs transfected with lentiviral plasmid containing mature miR-145 sequence gave rise to defective epithelium in organotypic culture and had increased cytokeratin-3/12 and connexin-43 expressions and decreased ABCG2 and p63 compared with cells transfected with scrambled sequences. Global gene expression was analyzed using Agilent Whole Human Genome Oligo Microarray and GeneSpring GX11.0. With a 5-fold difference compared to cells with scrambled sequences, miR-145 up-regulated 324 genes (containing genes for immune response) and down-regulated 277 genes (containing genes for epithelial development and stem cell maintenance). As validated by qPCR and luciferase reporter assay, our results showed miR-145 suppressed integrin β8 (ITGB8) expression in both human corneal epithelial cells and primary CEPCs.We found expression of miR-143/145 cluster in human corneal epithelium. Our results also showed that miR-145 regulated the corneal epithelium formation and maintenance of epithelial integrity, via ITGB8 targeting

Résultats d’une enquête d’incidence des cas d’infections nosocomiales à bactéries multirésistantes dans un centre hospitalier à Dakar (Sénégal)

Objectifs : Déterminer l’incidence et décrire le profil bactériologique des infections nosocomiales (IN) à bactéries multirésistantes au centre hospitalier universitaire de Fann à Dakar. Méthode : Enquête de surveillance prospective menée du 1erseptembre au 31 décembre 2010. Ont été inclus tous les patients hospitalisés depuis au moins 48 heures et ayant présenté une infection à bactérie multirésistante (BMR). L’analyse des données a éé effectuée grâce au logiciel SPSS16.0 Résultats : Durant la période d’étude, nous avons colligé 97 cas d’IN à BMR. L’incidence globale était de 5,5% avec une densité d’incidence de 5 cas pour 1000 patient-jours. Les densités les plus élevées étaient observées dans les services de Maladies Infectieuses (9,3 cas /1000 patient-jours) et de Pneumologie (7cas /1000 patient-jours). Les infections urinaires (53 %) et les bactériémies (21 %) étaient prédominantes. Les germes les plus fréquemment isolés étaient : entérobactéries productrices de bêtalactamase à spectre élargi (EBLSE) (62 %), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13 %) et les staphylocoques à coagulase négative (12 %). Toutes les souches d’EBLSE étaient sensibles à l’imipénème et à la colistine. Aucune souche de staphylocoque n’était résistante à la vancomycine. La létalité était de 46 %. Conclusion : L’incidence des IN à BMR est élevée au CHNU de Fann. Les activités de prévention doivent être renforcées afin de réduire la morbidité et la mortalité liées à ces infections