Notography

From the Forward by Warrick L. Carter, Ph.D. Coordinator of Invention and Creativity, College of Cultural Studies, Governors State University Park Forest South, Illinois: Anyone who pursues an artistic life often comes in contact with two types of enthusiastic persons: those whose enthusiasm throws their general knowledgeable judgment somewhat out of gear, and those who can keep their sense of purpose in proportion to their enthusiasm. Gerald Myrow is emphatically of the latter group. Not only is he an extremely knowledgeable and thorough writer, as evidenced by this book, he is also a successful composer, copyist, arranger, and teacher as well as an outstanding trombonist. As a total musician, Gerald has continuously sought more effective, efficient and time-saving methods for composers, copyists, etc. Hence, it is out of this history of concern for music and musicians that the notographic process was developed. Holography is a method of music copying which maintains the positive aspects of previous music manuscripting techniques while adding new, improved and innovative music writing processes. These new techniques have been developed so as to make the music writing process one: 1. which has relevance and applicable skills for all musical persons. 2. whose techniques and skills are easily acquired without loss of quality. 3. which is most practical and versatile. 4. which can be reproduced via a number of printed, copied, xeroxed, etc. means without the exorbitant expenses normally associated with printed music. As Jerry points out, The aesthetics of notographic writing are certainly not meant to be competitive with the work done by artist engravers or copyists. However, the trade off is more than justifiable in terms of convenience, cost and time. Properly notographed music is as easily read as engraved music; performers at all grade levels are able to comprehend it. Therefore, publishers of educational music, in particular, can profit from accepting the notographic concept. Hence, Notography is more than a method of copying music, rather it is a total system of music manuscript preparation whose ease of mastery make it more desirable than any of the other music manuscript techniques. Additionally, the money it saves in the music printing process alone is of such significance that its adoption and use should be demanded by all publishers interested in quality work for substantial savings. Easily understandable, well written and diagrammed, and conveniently organized, Notography is a must for all musical persons (students, teachers, professionals, and publishers).https://opus.govst.edu/faculty_books/1072/thumbnail.jp

Haunting Me

Photo of man and illustration of tall woman in dresshttps://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/cht-sheet-music/2942/thumbnail.jp

Wave-Modified Turbidites: Combined-Flow Shoreline and Shelf Deposits, Cambrian, Antarctica

Sandstone tempestite beds in the Starshot Formation, central Transantarctic Mountains, were deposited in a range of shoreline to shelf environments. Detailed sedimentological analysis indicates that these beds were largely deposited by wave-modified turbidity currents. These currents are types of combined flows in which storm-generated waves overprint flows driven by excess-weight forces. The interpretation of the tempestites of the Starshot Formation as wave-dominated turbidites rests on multiple criteria. First, the beds are generally well graded and contain Bouma-like sequences. Like many turbidites, the soles display abundant well-developed flutes. They also contain thick divisions of climbing-ripple lamination. The lamination, however, is dominated by convex-up and sigmoidal foresets, which are geometries identical to those produced experimentally in current-dominated combined flows in clear water. Finally, paleocurrent data support a turbidity-current component of flow. Asymmetric folds in abundant convolute bedding reflect liquefaction and gravity-driven movement and hence their orientations indicate the downslope direction at the time of deposition. The vergence direction of these folds parallels paleocurrent readings of flute marks, combined-flow ripples, and a number of other current-generated features in the Starshot event beds, indicating that the flows were driven down slope by gravity. The wave component of flow in these beds is indicated by the presence of small- to large-scale hummocky cross-stratification and rare small two-dimensional ripples. Wave-modified turbidity currents differ from deep-sea turbidity currents in that they may not be autosuspending and some proportion of the turbulence that maintains these flows comes from storm waves. Such currents are formed in modern shoreline environments by a combination of storm waves and downwelling sediment-laden currents. They may also be formed as a result of oceanic floods, events in which intense sediment-laden fluvial discharge creates a hyperpycnal flow. Event beds in the Starshot Formation may have formed from such a mechanism. Oceanic floods are formed in rivers of small to medium size in areas of high relief, commonly on active margins. The Starshot Formation and the coeval Douglas Conglomerate are clastic units that formed in response to uplift associated with active tectonism. Sedimentological and stratigraphic data suggest that coarse alluvial fans formed directly adjacent to a marine basin. The geomorphic conditions were therefore likely conducive to rapid fluvial discharge events associated with storms. The abundance of current-dominated combined-flow ripples at the tops of many Starshot beds indicates that excess-weight forces were dominant throughout deposition of many of these beds

If I\u27m Lucky

Photograph of Vivian Blaine, Perry Como, Harry James, and Carmen Miranda as they appeared in the film, If I\u27m Lucky.https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/cht-sheet-music/3085/thumbnail.jp

Rapid sea level rise in the aftermath of a Neoproterozoic snowball Earth

Earth’s most severe climate changes occurred during global-scale “snowball Earth” glaciations, which profoundly altered the planet’s atmosphere, oceans, and biosphere. Extreme rates of glacioeustatic sea level rise are predicted by the snowball Earth hypothesis, but supporting geologic evidence has been lacking. We use paleohydraulic analysis of wave ripples and tidal laminae in the Elatina Formation, Australia—deposited after the Marinoan glaciation ~635 million years ago—to show that water depths of 9 to 16 meters remained nearly constant for ~100 years throughout 27 meters of sediment accumulation. This accumulation rate was too great to have been accommodated by subsidence and instead indicates an extraordinarily rapid rate of sea level rise (0.2 to 0.27 meters per year). Our results substantiate a fundamental prediction of snowball Earth models of rapid deglaciation during the early transition to a supergreenhouse climate

Sequence Stratigraphy, Correlations Between Wopmay Orogen and Kilohigok Basin, and Further Investigations of the Bear Creek Group (Goulburn Supergroup), District of Mackenzie, N.W.T.

Results indicate that the Rifle, Beechey, Link, and basal Burnside Formations are correlative with the lower member of the Odjick Formation (Coronation Supergroup). The lower Burnside Formation is also correlative with the middle member of the Odjick Formation. Correlatives of the Hackett Formation and Kimerot Group are not present in the Coronation Supergroup. In the Tinney Hills area the Rifle Formation is divided into four sequences. The marine to alluvial transition in the north Tinney Hills is characterized by three main associations of facies which represent storm-influenced marine shelf, lower delta slope, and upper delra slope. Additionally, studies of areally extensive conglomerate intervals indicate transport of gravel across the entire Slave craton, in excess of 200 km. This requires a fundamental change in the disrribution of subsidence across the basin. Areally-extensive conglomerates indicate reduced subsidence rates in the proximal part of the basin. The transition from lower Burnside Formation deltaic and distal alluvial facies to gravelly proximal alluvial facies probably records a shift from subsidence-dominated foreland sedimentation to erosion- and uplift-dominated sediment redistribution

Wavelength selection and symmetry breaking in orbital wave ripples

Sand ripples formed by waves have a uniform wavelength while at equilibrium and develop defects while adjusting to changes in the flow. These patterns arise from the interaction of the flow with the bed topography, but the specific mechanisms have not been fully explained. We use numerical flow models and laboratory wave tank experiments to explore the origins of these patterns. The wavelength of “orbital” wave ripples (λ) is directly proportional to the oscillating flow's orbital diameter (d), with many experimental and field studies finding λ/d ≈ 0.65. We demonstrate a coupling that selects this ratio: the maximum length of the flow separation zone downstream of a ripple crest equals λ when λ/d ≈ 0.65. We show that this condition maximizes the growth rate of ripples. Ripples adjusting to changed flow conditions develop defects that break the bed's symmetry. When d is shortened sufficiently, two new incipient crests appear in every trough, but only one grows into a full-sized crest. Experiments have shown that the same side (right or left) wins in every trough. We find that this occurs because incipient secondary crests slow the flow and encourage the growth of crests on the next flank. Experiments have also shown that when d is lengthened, ripple crests become increasingly sinuous and eventually break up. We find that this occurs because crests migrate preferentially toward the nearest adjacent crest, amplifying any initial sinuosity. Our results reveal the mechanisms that form common wave ripple patterns and highlight interactions among unsteady flows, sediment transport, and bed topography.National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Award EAR-1225865)National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Award EAR-1225879

Hyperpycnal wave-modified turbidites of the Pennsylvanian Minturn Formation, north-central Colorado

The Pennsylvanian Minturn Formation in north-central Colorado exhibits a complex stratigraphic architecture of fan-delta deposits that developed in association with high topographic relief in a tectonically active setting. The formation records a wide range of environments including alluvial fan, fluvial, deltaic, and open marine settings. This field trip will examine outcrops of a remarkable ~20 to 35-m-thick, unconformity-bound unit with turbidite-like beds that presumably developed within the lower reaches of incised valleys. This unit consists of dark green shale and graded sandstone beds with tool marks produced by abundant plant material. The sandstone event beds contain evidence for strong unidirectional flows and the variable influence of storm-generated waves. Proximal deposits contain beds with evidence for wave-dominated combined flows, including well developed, large-scale hummocky cross-stratification. Distal sections contain beds with reverse-to-normal grading and vertical successions of sedimentary structures that indicate long-lived waxing-to-waning unidirectional flows in conjunction with storm waves. We interpret these beds as a record of deposition from hyperpycnal flows, i.e., turbidity currents generated directly from highly concentrated river plumes, which waxed and waned in response to the rising and falling flood hydrograph. The focus of this trip will be the hydrodynamic interpretation of these different bed types, including their spatial and stratigraphic distribution