History of Human Resource Management: It’s Importance in Adding Value to Organizational Success in Gaining Competitive Advantage

Human Resources are the most important factor in attaining highest levels of organizational success by gaining competitive advantage in today’s diverse business world. In order to understand the concept of Human Recourse Management entirely, researchers enlightened different phases/Origins of HRM.  Researchers attempt to find out the importance of human resource management in Organizational culture by discussing the roles of Human Recourse Management and its diversity by elaborating the different types of HRM practices implemented in the organizations and their particular impact on the organizational performance. Researchers conclude authentically after discussing deeply about the HRM concept that the proper n effective application of HRM in Organizations results in organizational success by attaining competitive advantage. Keywords: Organizational Success, Competitive Advantage, HRM, Strategic HRM, Human Capital, Physical Capital

Impact of Privatization of Banks on Profitability of Banking Sector in Pakistan

This study has been done to investigate the impact of privatization of banks on their profitability. For this purpose researchers selected the three banks for their analysis which are Allied Bank Limited (ABL), Habib Bank Limited (HBL), & Muslim Commercial Bank (MCB). Researchers have selected the ROE, ROA, Capital (Investment), Size (Total Assets), & Deposits as their Research Variables. In order to analyze the impact of Privatization on banks profitability researchers selected the dual Methodology in which they first analyze the profitability ratios of selected banks after and before the Privatization takes place, and secondly employed a t-test model to drive desired results. The results suggested that there is a significant positive impact of Privatization of particular banks on their profitability and overall profitability of banking sector of Pakistan.  Keywords: Pre-Privatization, Post-Privatization, ROA, ROE, Deposits, Capital

Corporate Governance and its Effect on Decision Making of the Firm

This study has been done to investigate the effect on the performance of an organization decisions and here we discuss some factors such as ownership concentration, board size, and managerial ownership, outside directors, director remuneration and CEO duality affect capital stricture choices with in the firm. Corporate governance is a system in which we can give proper rights to the departments of the firm with an equal and the requirement of  that individual department and the division of resources is according to their responsibilities through which the effectiveness and productivity is also increase. The result suggested that outside directors and board size and ownership concentration have a positive impact on the total debt ratio and long term ratio but have negative effect upon director remuneration and managerial ownership on the long term debt ratio. Variables such as profitability and liquidity are negative impact at long-term debt ratio, where the size of an organization has positive effect on it. Tangible asset has positive impact on long-term debt ratio and negatively related to the total debt ratio. We know that developing countries have week internal and external corporate governance implementations as compare to developed countries Keywords: CG, Capital Structure, CEO Duality, Managerial Ownershi

Investor’s Risk Preference and Tolerance Behaviors about Their Investment Decisions of Highly Risky Investment

The basic purpose our research paper is to examine the different patterns of behaviors shown by investors about their investment decisions when the investment opportunity possesses high risk. Some of the characteristics of the investors explored in our research paper that can affect their investment decisions and their risk averse and risk seeking behavior depends on that given factors which are Age, Cultural differences, Gender, Marital status, Employment status, Level of education and Home ownership. After conducting the interviews from 20 investors having different characteristics discussed above we conclude our result that these factors can greatly affect the investment decisions of the investors when they have to invest in highly risky investment opportunity. Keywords: Risk averse, Risk seeking, financial planners, portfolio managemen

Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Firms Financial Performance and Shareholders wealth

Our research has the basic purpose of finding the impact of corporate social responsibility on shareholders wealth and firms financial performance. We have selected three variables consisting of independent variable (corporate social responsibility), and dependent variable (firms financial performance and shareholders wealth) to conduct our research to find out the impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Shareholders wealth and Firms Financial Performance. We tried to examine the effect either it is positive or negative between social corporate responsibility and shareholders wealth, firms financial performance. We have selected the sample of 10 firms that are highly rated as corporate social responsibility firms and 10 Non corporate social responsibility firms and evaluate their financial performance measures in accounting terms like ROA and ROE and shareholders wealth measures like EPS and stock price and try to find out whether there is any difference present between financial performance and shareholders wealth in CSR and Non CSR firms and supports our results by doing previous literature survey about that topic. Our research result shows the significant positive relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and firm’s financial performance and shareholders wealth. Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Firms Financial Performance; Shareholders Wealth, Corporate Social Responsibility Firms, Non- Corporate Social Responsibility Firms

Measuring Default Risk in Farm and Non-Farm Sector

The purpose of this paper is to measure and analyze the risk associated with farming and non-farming sector and to investigate the liquidity and credit risk relationship. Also to analyze the market for farm and non-farm micro-finance which can be either high or low quality. The only project their borrowers, micro-finance institutions are high or low quality (MFI) because they know whether or not there is adverse selection. MFI is a competitive risk neutral, and they are the borrower's project is only profitable if they are to provide a loan agreement specifying the amount to be repaid. Otherwise, the borrower will default on his contract this. In this Research Qualitative research design is used in which different theoretical models are used to explore the default risk. Credit risk model is used to explicitly account for adverse selection, then a study of adverse selection, loan defaults, and made self-financing. This is a simple review of the existing literature related to the farm and non-farm credit risk. The main finding of this research is that Farming sector is more risky than non-farming for the loans granting. Keywords: Loans, Default risk, farming, non-farming secto

Measuring Default Risk in Farm and Non-Farm Sector

The purpose of this paper is to measure and analyze the risk associated with farming and non-farming sector and to investigate the liquidity and credit risk relationship. Also to analyze the market for farm and non-farm micro-finance which can be either high or low quality. The only project their borrowers, micro-finance institutions are high or low quality (MFI) because they know whether or not there is adverse selection. MFI is a competitive risk neutral, and they are the borrower's project is only profitable if they are to provide a loan agreement specifying the amount to be repaid. Otherwise, the borrower will default on his contract this. In this Research Qualitative research design is used in which different theoretical models are used to explore the default risk. Credit risk model is used to explicitly account for adverse selection, then a study of adverse selection, loan defaults, and made self-financing. This is a simple review of the existing literature related to the farm and non-farm credit risk. The main finding of this research is that Farming sector is more risky than non-farming for the loans granting. Keywords: Loans, Default risk, farming, non-farming secto

Impact of Capital Structure on Banking Performance

This paper examines the impact of capital structure on bank performance. The study spreads empirical work on capital structure determinants of banks within country and foreign country. Multiple reversion models are useful to evaluation the relationship between capital structure and banking performance. Performance is measured by return on assets, return on equity and earnings per share. Determinants of capital structure contains long term debt to capital ratio, short term debt to capital ratio and total debt to capital ratio. Results of the study validated a positive relationship between factors of capital structure and performance of banking industry. Keywords: Banking Performance, Optimal Capital Structure, Return on Assets, Return on Equity, Earning Per Share