The Evaluation of Heavy Metals Concentrations in Cempaka Lake, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

Seven sampling stations were identified to determine the status of water quality based on heavy metals concentrations in Cempaka Lake, Bandar Baru Bangi within two sampling periods; June 2010 and August 2010. The objective of the study is to determine the seasonal variations in the lake water quality with respect to heavy metals contamination. Seven parameters of heavy metals were analyzed from the water samples which were collected from the seven different sampling stations at the Cempaka Lake. They are Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), Lead (Pb), Zinc (Zn), Iron (Fe), Cadmium (Cd) and Nickel (Ni). The concentrations of these seven heavy metals were determined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spec (ICP-MS) (ELAN 9000). Evaluation of the concentration of heavy metals is carried out based on the NWQS classification.The results are: Cu between 0.0007 to 0.021 mg/L, Mn 0.10 to 0.11 mg/L, Pb 0.001 to 0.002 mg/L, Zn 0.01 to 0.03 mg/L, Fe 1.03 to 4.41mg/L, Cd 0.0001 to 0.0002 mg/L and Ni 0.0013 to 0.014 mg/L. The data obtained from this study were analyzed statistically using the one-way ANOVA, to determine the existence of the relationship based on partial and temporal conditions of the each heavy metal. The results of the analysis on the seven heavy metals in the seven sampling stations found that the concentration of heavy metals is relatively low. Only Fe has high content and in class IV, followed by Mn in class II while the other five heavy metals remain in class I

Kepekatan logam berat dalam air di Lembangan Sungai Semenyih, Selangor

Kajian kepekatan logam berat dalam air di lembangan Sungai Semenyih telah dijalankan di mana 11 stesen pensampelan telah dipilih. Sampel air permukaan bagi penentuan logam berat telah diambil dan beberapa parameter kualiti air telah ditentukan di setiap stesen. Logam berat merkuri (Hg), kadmium (Cd), zink (Zn), plumbum (Pb), kuprum (Cu), nikel (Ni), ferum (Fe), cobalt (Co) dan mangan (Mn) telah ditentukan dalam sampel air. Keputusan menunjukkan secara amnya logam berat kajian berada di bawah kepekatan maksimum yang dicadangkan tetapi melebihi kepekatan berterusan yang dibenarkan bagi air permukaan (EPA) dan kepekatan bagi melindungi hidupan akuatik (CCME). Analisis statistik (ANOVA) menunjukkan terdapat perbezaan beerti (p<0.05) antara stesen pensampelan bagi semua logam berat kajian. Bagi logam Fe dan Mn terdapat trend peningkatan daripada hulu ke hilir lembangan Sungai Semenyih. Bagi parameter kualiti air; kajian menunjukkan terdapat trend peningkatan terutama bagi parameter konduktiviti dan kekeruhan di beberapa stesen terutama yang berhampiran kawasan pertanian, industri dan penduduk

Hydrological pattern of Pahang River basin and their relation to flood historical event

Pahang River is the main channel to drain off water from the inundated area of Pahang Basin to the South China Sea during wet season which is caused by the northeast monsoon. Most of the inundations of lower areas of Pahang River Basin were caused by overflowing of the Pahang River. The statistics of rainfall and hydrological factors were calculated in terms of their means for the period from 1980 to 2009. The highest water level recorded at Sg. Yap was 45.36m and the lowest was 43.49m, whereas for Temerloh, the highest water level was 26.71m and the lowest was 24.73m. Lubuk Paku had the highest water level of 15.23m and the lowest was recorded as 12.70m. Besides that, the highest monthly total rainfall at Sg.Yap was 254.01mm and the lowest was 106.67mm. At Temerloh, the highest monthly total rainfall was 219.83mm and the lowest was 93.75mm. At Lubuk Paku, the highest monthly total rainfall was 324.57mm and the lowest was 79.81mm. The mean discharge of Pahang River (1980-2009) at Sg. Yap was 845.78m³/s, at Temerloh was 1008.50m³/s and Lubuk Paku was 1184.46m³/s. The water levels which beyond the danger level in recent three decades had also been identified

Water Quality Assessment of the Semenyih River, Selangor, Malaysia

This study was carried out to determine the Semenyih River water quality based on the physicochemical and biological parameters. The sampling was conducted in dry and rainy seasons during 2012. Water samples were collected from 8 stations along the river and analyzed using standard methods. The results showed that temperature, pH, conductivity, TDS, SO4, and TH were classified as class I, while DO, turbidity, and BOD were categorized under class II, and NH3-N, TSS, COD, and OG were categorized as class III based on NWQS, Malaysia. Moreover, NO3 was classified under class IV, while PO4 and FC were categorized as class V and exceeded the allowable threshold levels. Therefore, the river was slightly polluted with NH3-N, TSS, COD, and NO3, whereas it is extremely contaminated with PO4 and FC. Furthermore, cluster analysis classified 8 sampling stations into three clusters based on similarities of water quality features. Furthermore, factor analysis of the water quality datasets generated three factors with total variance of 94.05% and pointed out that water quality deterioration in the river was associated with industrial and agricultural activities, livestock farming, and erosion. Therefore, the river water can be used for irrigation with precaution but extensive treatment needed before using for domestic purposes

Status fiziko-kimia tanih tapak Pusat Penyelidikan UKM Tasik Chini, Pahang, Malaysia

Kajian ini dilakukan untuk menentukan ciri fiziko-kimia, kandungan nutrien dan logam berat dalam tanih di tapak Pusat Penyelidikan UKM Tasik Chini. Sampel tanih-atas diambil dari tiga transek pensampelan iaitu T1, T2 dan T3. Dua profil tanih telah dicerap di transek 1 (T1S1 & T1S3) dan sampel tanih telah diambil daripada profil dan juga tanih atas untuk penentuan ciri fiziko-kimia, kandungan nutrien dan logam berat. Bagi sampel tanih-atas, sebanyak empat stesen pensampelan (S1, S2, S3, S4) telah dipilih di transek 1 (T1), dua stesen pensampelan (S1, S2) di transek 2 (T2) dan tiga stesen pensampelan (S1, S2, S3) di transek 3 (T3) telah dipilih. Ciri fiziko-kimia yang ditentukan adalah pH, kekonduksian elektrik (KE), kapasiti pertukatan kation (KPK), fosforus, kalium dan magnesium tersedia dan nutrien terlarut, dan logam berat terpilih. Semua penentuan fiziko-kimia tanih, nutrien tersedia dan terlarut serta logam berat dilakukan mengikut kaedah penentuan yang piawai. Hasil uji kaji menunjukkan tekstur tanih didominasi oleh zarahan bersaiz lempung. Kandungan bahan organik tinggi pada tanih-atas dan berkurangan mengikut kedalaman. Purata nilai pH tanih di dalam profil dan tanih-atas adalah di antara 3.66 hingga 4.73 dan ia adalah sangat berasid. Sela purata bagi kekonduksian elektrik dalam profil dan tanih-atas adalah antara 2412 μScm-1 dan 2742 μScm-1. Purata nilai KPK adalah rendah iaitu antara 4.86 dan 12.58 meq/100g tanih. Kepekatan fosforus, magnesium dan kalium tersedia masing-masing mempunyai sela antara 1.76 – 3.32 μg/g, 16.80 – 122.23 μg/g dan 20.09 – 30.50 μg/g. Kepekatan nutrien terlarut bagi sulfat, nitrat-nitrogen, ammonium-nitrogen dan fosforus masing-masing adalah 37.50 – 1350 μg/g, 12.17 dan 90.00 μg/g, 12.17 to 53.17 μg/g dan 0.05 dan 0.62 μg/g. Kepekatan ferum dan Pb sangat tinggi di T1S1 dan di horizon bawah profil T1S3. Secara amnya tanih di tapak PPTC adalah sangat berasid dan mempunyai kandungan nutrien yang rendah. Terdapat bukti menunjukkan berlaku pengayaan Pb dalam tanih yang menerima pengaruh pasang surut jasad air tasik

Pengambilan logam berat oleh nepenthes sp. dalam tanih bekas lombong besi dan timah, Pelepah Kanan, Kota Tinggi, Johor

Kandungan logam-logam berat Pb, Zn, Ni, Co dan Cd pada empat bahagian tumbuhan Nepenthes sp. (akar, batang, daun dan periuk) serta substrat tanih yang menyokong pertumbuhannya dari kawasan bekas lombong bijih timah dan besi di Lombong Pelepah Kanan, Kota Tinggi, Johor telah ditentukan. Komposisi logam-logam berat dalam sampel tanih diekstrak menggunakan campuran asid nitrik pekat dan asid perklorik. Pengekstrakan logam berat dalam tumbuhan pula dilakukan menggunakan kaedah penghadaman basah. Kandungan logam berat di dalam ekstrak larutan tanih dan tumbuhan ditentukan menggunakan Spektrofotometer Penyerapan Atom kaedah nyalaan (FAAS-model Perkin Elmer 3300). Nilai koefisien Penyerapan Biologi (BAC) yang merupakan nisbah kandungan logam berat dalam tumbuhan kepada kandungan logam berat dalam tanih ditentukan secara kiraan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa tanih di kawasan kajian adalah berasid dan didominasi oleh pasir. Kandungan bahan organik dan kepekatan garam dalam tanih pula adalah rendah, manakala nilai pH adalah berasid. Logam Zn (698.5 mg/kg) menunjukkan kepekatan yang tinggi di dalam substrat tanih diikuti oleh logam Co (182.9 mg/kg), Pb (58.2 mg/kg), Ni (12.2 mg/kg) dan Cd (2.09 mg/kg). Kepekatan logam berat di dalam tumbuhan mengikut kepekatan menurun adalah Ni>Co>Cd>Pb>Zn. Kepekatan logam di dalam bahagian-bahagian tumbuhan tidak menunjukkan perbezaan signifikan bagi semua logam. Tumbuhan Nepenthes sp. didapati menumpukkan logam Ni dalam kepekatan yang tinggi sebagaimana yang ditunjukkan nilai BACnya yang tinggi. Tumbuhan ini mungkin boleh digunakan sebagai bio-penunjuk bagi kehadiran Ni dalam kepekatan yang tinggi di dalam tanih