An open source LoRa based vehicle tracking system

This work describes an open source tracking system that determines the location and speed of a vehicle in real-time. The system was inspired by the need to track tourist boats in UNESCO Kilim Karst Geoforest Park, Malaysia. Boats that travel too fast generate wakes that are suspected to cause ecological damage. In this work, geolocation information is provided by Arduino based transponders with Global Positioning System (GPS). Transponders periodically transmit location and speed data using LoRa through a gateway to a cloud server. On the server, open source software components implement a Geographical Information System (GIS) to manage the location and speed data for display and further analysis. The resulting prototype performed the required functions as expected

Entrepreneurial passion development: the interplay between heuristic thinking and pedagogical experience during entrepreneurial learning process

The underlying objective of an entrepreneurship education programme (EEP) is to facilitate students to becoming more passionate about entrepreneurship. This is done through the provision of a profound pedagogical learning experience while undergoing the entrepreneurial learning process. However, despite the rapid proliferation of EEP as the mainstream academic offering, previous literature argues that the current EEP delivery lacks the rigour and efficacy to provide a pedagogical experience that suits different personal identities that the students bring along into the classroom; thus, affecting their passion for entrepreneurship. In light of this, we review extensive literature related to entrepreneurial learning process, entrepreneurship education as well as the development of a passion for an activity. We also propose a theoretical framework of what may be missing in the current setup. We focus our discussion on the micro-foundation of the entrepreneurial learning process that occurs deep in the cognitive structure of individuals. Through the narrative literature review approach, we found that the lack of depth while the students validating their personal identity with the entrepreneurial learning activity affects the development of their passion for entrepreneurship. We offer refreshing insights into the importance of heuristic thinking, which embodies students’ personal identity, and its interplay with the pedagogical experience during the entrepreneurial learning process. This is crucial in the promotion of a strong sense of identification with the entrepreneurial-related activity and deep affinity towards entrepreneurship. By recognising this missing element and linkage, the students will feel that their unique signature strength is being more appreciated, thus triggering a more intense reaction towards the learning stimuli. This is because they feel the profound recognition of their worthiness in the social circle as well as stronger belief about the mutual benefit between entrepreneurship and their ongoing personal life quest; which consequently allows their entrepreneurial passion to be further developed. This paper contributes to the underpinning insight of how entrepreneurial passion is developed, the way it can influence the interest of learning entrepreneurship in EEP and encourage the students to become more passionate about entrepreneurship

Analysis of rain fade mitigation using site diversity on earth-to-satellite microwave links at Ku-Band

Rain is the major challenge to design reliable earth to satellite microwave link at higher frequencies in tropical regions. Site diversity is one of the techniques used to mitigate this problem. Hodge Site Diversity Gain Model, ITU-R Site Diversity Gain Model and ITU-R Diversity Improvement Factor Model are analyzed based on rainfall data measured in Malaysia and four locations in Kuala Lumpur and MEASAT3A as reference satellite. In analysis, it is found that significant improvement in availability can be achieved through the site separations of 6 to 37 Km in site diversity technique

Convective Boundary Layer Flow of Williamson Hybrid Ferrofluid over a Moving Flat Plate with Viscous Dissipation

Specifically, the oxide ferroparticles in ferrofluid has low thermal conductivity thus limiting its potential in the application of heat transfer. Increasing the volume fraction ferroparticles is one of the ways to increase the efficiency but this will cause clogging in the flow system. The present research investigated the convective boundary layer flow of a Williamson hybrid ferrofluid over a moving flat plate with viscous dissipation effects. Magnetite (Fe3O4) and copper (Cu), taken as hybrid ferroparticles, are suspended in Williamson fluid represented by human blood are believed to improve the heat transfer capabilities of the ferrofluid. The governing equations in the form of partial differential equations are reduced to ordinary differential equations by using the similarity transformation. The Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg (RKF45) method is used to numerically solve the transformed equations obtained. The effects of the magnetic parameter, the Williamson fluid parameter, the moving plate parameter, and the Eckert number on the velocity profiles, the temperature profiles as well as the reduced skin friction coefficient and the reduced Nusselt number are analyzed and discussed. It is revealed that Williamson hybrid ferrofluid has higher heat transfer capabilities and lower skin friction compared to the Williamson ferrofluid at the same volume fraction. In addition, the magnetic parameter increases the skin friction while the moving plate parameter increases the reduced Nusselt number

Prediction of rain rate distribution with time delay based on measured 1-min rain intensity data to mitigate fades on satellite link

Earth to satellite communications are moving towards higher frequency bands in future which are more sensitive to environment. Rain causes severe degradation in performances at higher frequency bands specially in tropical regions. Several mitigation techniques are proposed by researcher to design reliable system. Time diversity is one of the potential candidate for it. However, time diversity analysis requires measured rain attenuation data. For future high frequency link design those data are not available at most of the places. This paper proposes a method to utilize 1-min rain rate to analyse time diversity technique at any desired frequency. In proposed method, it is assumed that rain rate with delay can represent rain attenuation with delay for same period of time at same location. This assumption is valid as long as the attenuation causes due to rain. A model is developed to predict rain rate distribution with delay from annual measured statistics

n vivo antiulcer activity of the aqueous extract of Bauhinia purpurea leaf.

Ethnopharmacological relevance Bauhinia purpurea (Fabaceae) is a medicinal plant traditionally used to treat various ailments, including ulcers. In order to establish pharmacological properties of the leaf of Bauhinia purpurea, studies were performed on antiulcer activity of the plant's aqueous extract. Materials and methods The Bauhinia purpurea aqueous extract (BPAE) was prepared in the doses of 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg. Antiulcer activity of BPAE was evaluated by absolute ethanol- and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer, and pyloric ligation models. Acute toxicity was also carried out. Results BPAE, at the dose of 5000 mg/kg, did not cause any signs of toxicity to rats when given orally. Oral administration of BPAE exhibited antiulcer activity (p < 0.05) in all models used. However, the dose-dependent activity was observed only in the absolute ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model. Histological studies supported the observed antiulcer activity of BPAE. In pyloric ligation assay, BPAE increased the gastric wall mucus secretion. Conclusions The BPAE exhibits antiulcer activity, which could be due to the presence of saponins or sugar-free polyphenols, and, thus, confirmed the traditional uses of Bauhinia purpurea in the treatment of ulcers

Slip Effect on Stagnation Point Flow past a Stretching Surface with the Presence of Heat Generation/Absorption and Newtonian Heating

Present study solved numerically the velocity slip effect on stagnation point flow past a stretching surface with the presence of heat generation/absorption and Newtonian heating. The governing equations which in the form of partial differential equations are transformed to ordinary differential equations before being solved numerically using the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method in MAPLE. The numerical solution is obtained for the surface temperature, heat transfer coefficient, reduced skin friction coefficient as well as the temperature and velocity profiles. The flow features and the heat transfer characteristic for the pertinent parameter such as Prandtl number, stretching parameter, heat generation/absorption parameter, velocity slip parameter and conjugate parameter are analyzed and discussed

Iktibar Syair Siti Siyanah dalam pemerkasaan akal budi wanita Melayu

Raja Ali Haji, tokoh intelektual Melayu kurun ke-19 Masehi telah mengemukakan suatu pemikiran bagi mengangkat peribadi contoh wanita Melayu menerusi karya puisi beliau berjudul Syair Siti Siyanah Sahibah al-'Ulum wa al-Amanah. Syair tersebut adalah ungkapan puisi berupa alegori yang menonjolkan dua watak utama wanita iaitu Siti Siyanah dan Siti Diyanah bagi memperlihatkan gabungan nilai-nilai ilmu dan budi pekerti yang berteraskan kepada pandangan semesta Islam yang perlu dimiliki oleh golongan wanita. Pendekatan analisis konten digunapakai untuk meneliti keseluruhan bait syair ini bagi memberikan gambaran kepada kepentingan ilmu pengetahuan dalam kalangan wanita, di samping pernyataan aspek suruhan dan larangan yang menjadi panduan dalam membina keperibadian yang tinggi. Ia boleh diandaikan sebagai usaha ilmiah Raja Ali Haji dalam mengutarakan idea pemerkasaan akal budi wanita Melayu yang bertunjangkan kepada lima elemen utama yang membentuk kerangka akhlak iaitu agama, ilmu, akal, bahasa dan malu

Boundary layer flow of williamson hybrid ferrofluid over a permeable stretching sheet with thermal radiation effects

This research investigated the convective boundary layer flow and heat transfer of Williamson hybrid ferrofluid over a permeable stretching sheet with thermal radiation effects. Human blood is employed as a based fluid while magnetite (Fe3O4) and copper (Cu) are taken as the hybrid ferroparticle. The study started with transforming the nonlinear partial differential equation system that governed the model to a more convenience non-linear dimensionless ordinary differential equations using the similarity transformation. The transformed equations obtained then are solved numerically using the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg (RKF45) method in Maple software. The characteristics and effects of stretching parameter, permeability parameter, thermal radiation parameter as well as the ferroparticle volume fraction in the Williamson hybrid ferrofluid towards the temperature profiles, velocity profiles as well as the Nusselt number and the skin friction coefficient are analysed and discussed. The result of this research for various pertinent parameter varies differently. It can be concluded that the increase in magnetic parameter, the Williamson parameter, the stretching parameter, and the permeability rate parameter increase the skin friction and reduced the velocity profile. Furthermore, the increase in stretching parameter, thermal radiation parameter and the permeability rate results to the increase in the Nusselt number

Blood conveying ferroparticle flow on a stagnation point over a stretching sheet: Non-newtonian Williamson hybrid ferrofluid

The present research investigated the characteristics of convective boundary layer flow and heat transfer of the blood carrying ferroparticle modelled known as the non-Newtonian Williamson hybrid ferrofluid. The fluid flow and the heat transfer of a stagnation point over a stretching surface are considered. The similarity transformation approach is used to reduce the partial differential equation system to an ordinary differential equation. The transformed equations are then solved numerically by Runge-Kutta-Felberg (RKF45) method in Maple software. The flow characteristic and the heat transfer of the non-Newtonian Williamson hybrid nanofluid are tested from various pertinent fluid parameters. The temperature distribution, velocity profiles, as well as variation of the Nusselt number and the skin friction coefficient are analysed and discussed. The study reveals that the non-Newtonian Williamson Hybrid ferrofluid potentially provided better performance in heat transfer capability compared to ferrofluid with the same volume of nanoparticle volume fraction