Effects of Occupational Stress and Frequency of Lifting Heavy Loads on Low Back Pain in Health Workers: A Meta Analysis

Background: Health workers have a high risk for experiencing symptoms of disorders of the musculoskeletal system such as pain, injury, trauma, and other disorders. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), work-related musculoskeletal disorders or commonly called work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMDs) are injuries that include various inflammatory disorders or degenerative diseases associated with pain or functional disorders in the body.Subjects and Method: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis with the following PICO, Population: Health workers. Intervention: High stress and high frequency of heavy lifting. Comparison: Low stress and low frequency of weight lifting. Outcome: Back pain. The articles used in this study were obtained from three databases, namely Google Scholar, Pubmed, and Science Direct. Keywords to search for articles “low back pain” “risk factors” “determinants” “predictors” AND “health workers” The articles included were full-text English with a cohort and cross-sectional study design from 2016 to 2021 and reported the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) in the multivariate analysis. The selection of articles was done by using PRISMA flow diagram. Articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application.Results: A total of 5 cohort and 10 cross-sectional studies, ten articles included nurses as research respondents, four articles included overall medical personnel, and one article included ambulance workers. Research locations are in Denmark, Saudi Arabia, China, Japan, Malaysia, Iran, Brazil Italy, Australia, Yemen, Estonia, and Ethiopia with medical workers who have low levels of job stress (aOR= 2.52; 95% CI= 2.15 to 2.96; p< 0.001) and it can be concluded that medical workers with frequent heavy lifting have a risk of experiencing back pain by 2.01 times compared to medical workers with infrequent weight lifting frequency (aOR= 2.01; 95% CI 1.23 to 3.18; p = 0.003).Conclusion: Medical workers with high levels of job stress and frequent heavy lifting are at risk for back pain. Keywords: back pain, stress, weight lifting. Correspondence:Ahmad Syauqi Mubarok. Masters Program of Public Health Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 085741144248

The Effectiveness of Health Management-Assisted Technology on Glycated Hemoglobin Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Meta-Analysis

Background: Given the number of patients failing to achieve control of Diabetes Mellitus (DM), it causes an increase in the incidence of DM complications. Along with the rapid deve­lopment of technology in this era, this study aimed to prove the effectiveness of technology-based health management compared to usual treatment for levels glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.Subjects and Method: This was a meta-ana­lysis using a randomized controlled trial. Arti­cles were obtained from PubMed, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate databases. The arti­cles used in this study were those published from 2012-2021. The search article was carried out by considering the eligibility of the criteria determined using the PICO model. Population: type 2 DM patients (HbA1c>7%), Intervention: health management-assisted technology, Com­parison: usual care Outcome: HbA1c levels. There were 10 articles used with a sample size of 1693 people who were divided into two groups (845 people in the health management-assisted technology group and 848 people in the group usual care). Articles were analyzed using Review Manager 5.3 Appli­cation to determine the Standard Mean Diffe­rence (SMD) and heterogeneity of the study sample.Results: From 10 articles that were processed using RevMan 5.3, significant results were obtained, this is indicated by the overall effect (diamond) which does not touch the vertical line H0 (d= 0) and can also be seen from the 95% CI range of -0.62 to -0.13 which shows significant because it does not pass the number 0 (SMD= -0.37; 95% CI= -0.62 to -0.13; p= 0.003). The heterogeneity of the research data shows I2 = 82% so that the distribution of the data is very heterogeneous (random effects model).Conclusion: Using technology to help health management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus can reduce HbA1c levels compared to usual care.Keywords: Health management, technology, diabetes mellitus, HbA1cCorrespondence: Fajar Novianto. Center for Research and Deve­lopment of Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, National Institute of Health of Health, Jl. Raya Lawu No. 11 Karanganyar, Central Java. Email: dr.fajarnovianto@gmail.­com.Journal of Health Policy and Management (2021), 06(02): 81-93https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpm.2021.06.02.01

Effects of Occupational Stress and Frequency of Lifting Heavy Loads on Low Back Pain in Health Workers: A Meta Analysis

Background: Health workers have a high risk for experiencing symptoms of disorders of the musculoskeletal system such as pain, injury, trauma, and other disorders. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), work-related musculoskeletal disorders or commonly called work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMDs) are injuries that include various inflammatory disorders or degenerative diseases associated with pain or functional disorders in the body. Subjects and Method: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis with the following PICO, Population: Health workers. Intervention: High stress and high frequency of heavy lifting. Comparison: Low stress and low frequency of weight lifting. Outcome: Back pain. The articles used in this study were obtained from three databases, namely Google Scholar, Pubmed, and Science Direct. Keywords to search for article