Stéréotypie, variants et invariants dans la traduction lexicographique des proverbes

La traduction des énoncés proverbiaux est souvent étudiée en rapport avec les écarts culturels entre les univers linguistiques. Or, la pluralité des équivalents d’un même proverbe dans les dictionnaires bilingues offre une occasion exceptionnelle pour analyser les variants et les invariants des représentations stéréotypiques associées à un tel énoncé à partir de la diversité actancielle et structurelle des équivalents qui lui sont relatifs. Ce regard pluriel de l’extérieur permettrait également de mieux saisir les enjeux de l’articulation entre la structure discursive et la structure logique du proverbe.The translation of the proverbial statement is often examined in terms of the cultural distance between the linguistic universes. However, the various equivalents of the same proverb in bilingual dictionaries offer an exceptional opportunity to analyze variants and invariants of the stereotypic representations of the given statement based on the “actancial” and structural variety of its equivalents. These alternative perspectives allow for a clearer understanding of the interplay between the proverb’s discursive structure and its logical structure

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF WATER-SOLUBLE POLYSACCHARIDES FROM Commiphora myrrha (Nees) Engl.GUM

International audienceMyrrha, the gum resin exudate from Commiphora myrrha (Nees) Engl. tree, has been extensively used in traditional medicine for their beneficial effects. In this work, we isolated and purified water-soluble polysaccharide fraction (WSP), which afforded a yield of 42%. The chemical composition of WSP was mainly consisted of 83.33±2.63% carbohydrates, among them 79.25±1.06% are neutral monosaccharides and 13.4± 2.18% proteins, with traces of polyphenols (3.82%): The majority components of monosaccharides were galactose (45%) and arabinose (44%), with low levels of xylose (6%), and mannose (5%): In order to evaluate the immunostimulatory effect of WSP, phagocytic activity of opsonized human leucocytes against opportunist pathogen yeast, Candida albicans, was assessed. WSP could significantly (p < 0.05) enhance phagocytic capacity at the dose of 150 μg/ml, which showed a phagocytic activity of 29%. Moreover, the antihyperglycemic activity of extract was determined by α-D-glucosidase inhibitory activity, in vitro. WSP displays a promising inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 8.30±0.12 mg/mL. The results of this work provide new knowledge in the field of chemical composition and biological activities of polysaccharides of Commiphora myrrha gum and might play an important role in activating phagocytosis leucocytes cells, thus having contribution to antidiabetic activity

Stability and morphology-dependence of Sc3+ ions incorporation and substitution kinetics within ZnO host lattice

WOS: 000361774100016In this study, sol-gel spin coating route was carried out to prepare Scandium doped ZnO thin films with different controlled percentage (1-7%). Particularly, it has been demonstrated, through original conjoint morphological-structural and optical investigations, that some interesting physical properties were induced. Indeed, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows that (002) preferential crystalline plane for Sc doped ZnO films was kept along with ZnO hexagonal wurtzite structure, although Sc doping seemed to cause a decrease in crystallinity. Except for 1 at% Sc doping ratio, optical band gap changes reversely with Urbach energy with a decrease in optical gap and a broadening of the absorption tail. Ab-initio calculations of lattice dynamical properties outlined additional strong hybridization between Sc and O atoms and show the stability of Scandium doped ZnO

Anaplasma ovis Prevalence Assessment and Cross Validation Using Multiparametric Screening Approach in Sheep from Central Tunisia

We conducted a 5-month-long screening of Anaplasma spp. and Anaplasma ovis infection in sheep from central Tunisia. During this longitudinal study, we investigated the infection dynamics using both direct and indirect assessments validated with a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as the gold standard method. The experimental design included 84 male lambs aged from 6 to 8 months, and 32 ewes, both chosen randomly from June to November with a periodicity of 2 weeks approximately between June and September, and 1 month between September and November. A total of 9 field visits were carried out in this period during which animals were clinically examined and biological samples were extracted. Thus, a total of 716 blood smears, 698 sera from the nine sampling dates, as well as 220 blood samples from the first and the ninth sampling dates were collected from apparently healthy lambs and ewes, respectively, and analyzed by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, for the detection of Anaplasma antibodies and A. ovis DNA, respectively. Sera were analyzed by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) and PCR, for the detection of Anaplasma antibodies and A. ovis DNA, respectively. The Anaplasma spp. initial seroprevalence rate was 33.3% in lambs and 100% in ewes, and it then flowed in an upward trend to reach a maximum of 52.6% in lambs, whereas in ewes, the Anaplasma spp. seroprevalence rate remained unchanged and equal to 100%. Meanwhile, the A. ovis initial molecular prevalence was 22.6% at the first visit and 26.3% at the last visit in lambs, whereas in ewes, the molecular prevalence rates of A. ovis were higher in both the first and the last visit estimated at 100% and 85.7%, respectively. The Kappa coefficient between cELISA and PCR indicated a moderate level of agreement on the first sampling date (0.67) and a low agreement level on the last (0.43). Furthermore, an exploratory data analysis using a multimodal machine learning approach highlighted the underlying pattern of each analytical technique used in this study. In this prospect, we were able to establish the performance of each technique at detecting Anaplasma spp. in sheep. The combination of these approaches should improve the field assessment while promoting a data-based decision in precision epidemiology. The genetic follow-up test relevant to A. ovis msp4 sequences revealed three different genotypes, two of which were previously described in Italy

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Biomarkers in Pediatric ARDS: Future Directions.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is common among mechanically ventilated children and accompanies up to 30% of all pediatric intensive care unit deaths. Though ARDS diagnosis is based on clinical criteria, biological markers of acute lung damage have been extensively studied in adults and children. Biomarkers of inflammation, alveolar epithelial and capillary endothelial disruption, disordered coagulation, and associated derangements measured in the circulation and other body fluids, such as bronchoalveolar lavage, have improved our understanding of pathobiology of ARDS. The biochemical signature of ARDS has been increasingly well described in adult populations, and this has led to the identification of molecular phenotypes to augment clinical classifications. However, there is a paucity of data from pediatric ARDS (pARDS) patients. Biomarkers and molecular phenotypes have the potential to identify patients at high risk of poor outcomes, and perhaps inform the development of targeted therapies for specific groups of patients. Additionally, because of the lower incidence of and mortality from ARDS in pediatric patients relative to adults and lack of robust clinical predictors of outcome, there is an ongoing interest in biological markers as surrogate outcome measures. The recent definition of pARDS provides additional impetus for the measurement of established and novel biomarkers in future pediatric studies in order to further characterize this disease process. This chapter will review the currently available literature and discuss potential future directions for investigation into biomarkers in ARDS among children