A study on irregularity in vague graphs with application in social relations

Considering all physical, biological and social systems, fuzzy graph models serves the elemental processes of all natural and artificial structures. As the indeterminate information is an essential real-life problems, which are mostly uncertain, modelling those problems based on fuzzy graph is highly demanding for an expert. Vague graph can manage the uncertainty relevant to the inconsistent and indeterminate information of all real-world problems, in which fuzzy graphs possibly will not succeed into bringing about satisfactory results. Also, vague graphs are so useful tool to examine many issues such as networking, social systems, geometry, biology, clustering, and traffic plan. Hence, in this paper, we introduce strongly edge irregular vague graphs and strongly edge totally irregular vague graphs. A comparative study between strongly edge irregular vague graphs and strongly edge totally irregular vague graphs is done. Finally, we represent an applicationof irregular vague influence graph to show the importance of irregularity in vague graphs.Publisher's Versio

Some properties of vague graph structures

A graph structure is a generalization of simple graphs. Graph structures are very useful tools for the study of different domains of computational intelligence and computer science. A vague graph structure is a generalization of a vague graph. In this research paper, we present several different types of operations including cartesian product, cross product, lexicographic product, union, and composition on vague graph structures. We also introduce some results of operations.Publisher's Versio

Fatty Infiltration in Multifidus Muscles and its Association With Spinal MRI Findings

Background: The present cross sectional study was conducted to evaluate the relation between fatty infiltration (FI) in multifidus muscles and spinal MRI findings among patients who referred to Sina Athar and Kosar imaging centers of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesMethods: Discovertebral and facet joint degenerative changes, intervertebral foraminal narrowing, disk herniation and central canal stenosis in all lumbar levels and FI in multifidus muscles at the level of L5 vertebra were assessed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of 333 patients, and correlation of these MRI changes with FI was identified.Results: Among 333 patients (174 female), whose data were analyzed, 316 patients mentioned a positive history of back pain. We observed a significant relation between female sex and higher age with degrees of multifidus FI in L5 level. No significant association was found between the existence of back pain and the rate of multifidus FI. There was a significant negative relation between the activity level and the amount of multifidus FI. Considering weekly exercise level and hours of computer use, this association was not observed. Evaluating the relation between end plate and facet joint degenerative process and also neuroforaminal stenosis with multifidus FI, a statistically significant relation was noted. This correlation was not observed for central canal stenosis.Conclusion: We concluded that the degree of multifidus FI was remarkably higher in female gender, older ages and subjects with more sedentary lifestyle. Moreover, a significant correlation existed between abnormal MRI imaging findings (degenerative process, discopathies, foraminal stenosis) and multifidus FI

A Rare Case of Type II Odontoid Fracture With Bilateral Vertebral Arteries Occlusion Without Neurological Deficits

Cervical spine fractures are common fractures due to spine trauma. Odontoid fracture is responsible for 20% of cervical spine fractures. Vertebral artery injuries (VAIs) had widely focused in this setting due to its occurrence with upper cervical fractures. In our case of study, a 42-year-old female presented in the hospital’s emergency department with a history of cervical spine injury without neurological deficits. In further investigations, cervical spine X-ray, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and angiography were done to evaluate the possible injuries to the bone, spinal cord, and vascular structures surrounding the spine that eventuated in the accidental diagnosis of bilateral vertebral artery occlusion. This case of the study demonstrated the importance of diagnostic investigations that can evaluate in an emergency department and bilateral vertebral artery occlusion without neurological symptoms due to collateral arteries establishment

Features of Neurotoxicity on Brain CT of Acutely Intoxicated Unconscious Patients

Diagnostic imaging is a valuable device in clinical management of poisoned patients presenting to emergency units in a comatose state. Some toxic agents have adverse effects on the central nervous system (CNS). Non-contrast computed tomography (CT) of the brain, as an available diagnostic method with a high resolution, can provide useful information about structural disturbances of unconscious patients with suspected drug or chemical intoxication. The authors would describe various presentations of toxic substances detected on the brain CT scans of ten patients with acute intoxication. While non-specific, CT findings of low-attenuation lesions in the basal ganglia, infarctions in young patients, or diffuse edema should raise suspicion for poisoning or overdose

Comparison of the value of multidetector-row computed tomography in diagnosis of biliary obstruction reasons with the results obtained from invasive procedures

زمینه و هدف: تصویر برداری تشخیصی نقش اساسی در تشخیص غیر تهاجمی علل انسداد صفراوی و غربالگری بیماران با ریسک بالا را دارا می باشد. این مطالعه با هدف مقایسه ارزش سی تی اسکن مولتی اسلایس در تشخیص علل انسداد صفراوی با یافته های حاصل از روش های تهاجمی انجام شده است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه توصیفی ـ تحلیلی به روش سرشماری، کلیه بیمارانی که از بهمن ماه 1388 تا خرداد ماه 1390، (50 بیمار)، دارای تشخیص انسداد صفراوی، بر مبنای یافته های کلینیکی و سونوگرافیک بودند، با روش سی تی اسکن مولتی اسلایس (MDCT) بررسی شدند و گزارش رادیولوژی آن ها با یافته های حاصل از سایر روش های تهاجمی شامل تکنیک کلانژیوگرافی معکوس از طریق آندوسکوپ (ERCP)،PTC (Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography) و یا جراحی مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت. یافته ها: یافته ها نشان داد که حساسیت، ویژگی و دقت سی تی اسکن مولتی اسلایس در تشخیص علل بدخیم انسداد صفراوی به ترتیب 100، 4/88 و 94، در تشخیص علل خوش خیم انسداد صفراوی به ترتیب 75، 100 و 96، در تشخیص سنگ صفراوی به ترتیب 4/94، 100 و 98 بود و رابطه معنی داری بین شدت اتساع مجاری صفراوی و خوش خیم بودن یا بدخیم بودن عامل انسدادی وجود داشت (001/0>P). نتیجه گیری: بر مبنای یافته های این مطالعه، سی تی اسکن مولتی اسلایس روشی سریع ،غیر تهاجمی و با دقت بالا در تشخیص علل انسداد صفراوی و افتراق عوامل انسدادی خوش خیم از عوامل بدخیم بوده و برنامه ریزی قبل از عمل جراحی مفید می باشد

The CT-Based Patient Specific Hip Joint 3D-Modeling; Potential to Correct the Alignment

Background: The salvage proximal femoral osteotomy is performed in mild or moderate osteoarthritis when the articulating surfaces are normal and relieves the subject’s pain. Because the importance of angular mal-alignment of the femur bone at the hip junction accurate pre-op planning based on patient specific anatomy is required to prevent any lower limb misalignment and joint problem pre-operative.Methods: In this study a CT-Based modeling technique was used to generate a 3D model of the patient’s hip and proximal femur. The registration stage using angio-fluoroscopy was performed to calculate the proximal femur kinematic and input it into a finite element model to achieve the stress distribution pattern of femuroacetabular joint.Results:From finite element model the stress distribution on the articulating surface at the contact zone was analyzed. The result was showing the maximum stress of 1.1 MPa at the contact surface where femur contact the acetabulum. The maximum stress is found in line with mechanical loading of the lower limb.Conclusion: Use of a non-invasive 3D modeling method will remediate the surgical approach in pre-op stage. The in-vivo modeling and assessment of the patient femoroacetabular contact has performed. It has been shown that the accuracy of the proposed model is comparable with the existing surgical pre-op planning

Plasma 17beta-estradiol and alkali-labile phosphoprotein levels in male and female Tench (Tinca tinca) in the Anzali and Amirkolayeh wetlands

Environmental pollutants are potentiate to disturb biological processes such as metabolism, growth and reproduction of aquatic organisms. These compounds are able to cause gonadal abnormalities, biased sex ratios and alteration in reproductive physiology in fish. The aim of this study was to examine plasma 17β-estradiol (E2) and alkali-labile phosphoprotein (ALP) levels in male and female Tench (Tinca tinca) from a polluted (the Anzali Wetland) and a non-polluted environments (the Amirkolayeh Wetland). Samples were collected over the maturation season of Tench between May and June 2017. The results revealed significant difference in mean ALP and E2 between genders in the polluted environment. However, the mean plasma ALP concentrations in male Tench of the polluted environment (39.46±1.02 µg/ml) was 45% of the average recorded in female (86.18±2.25 µg/ml) and was two times higher than the amount measured in males in the non-polluted environment (18.68±0.35 µg/ml). High concentrations of E2, were detected in the male samples from the Anzali Wetland. Mean plasma E2 concentrations for male in the Anzali Wetland was almost two times higher than male in the Amirkolayeh Wetland. The results indicate that the reproductive physiology of Tench was affected by contaminants found in the Anzali Wetland, a highly polluted area

Developing a Competency Model for EAP Teachers: Insights from Internationalization of Higher Education

The teachers' competencies in the process of internationalization of higher education (IHE) are of vital importance (Brandenburg & Federkeil, 2007; van der Werf, 2012). The extent of IHE in a university is in a close relationship with the teachers' competencies (Harari, 1981). However, the required competencies of teachers in IHE are not a well-studied topic. Similarly, the "dearth of literature on EAP professional development" (Blaj-Ward, 2014, p. 113) has complicated exploring the EAP teachers' competencies. The absence of a competency model addressing the needs of EAP teachers to effectively engage in the education fitting the IHE objectives and policies gave impetus to this study. In line with this objective, an instrument measuring EAP teachers' competencies was designed and validated. The following steps were taken to develop the instrument: the theme extraction and item generation phase, the piloting phase, and the validation phase. The extensive review of the literature and interviews with IHE experts and EAP teachers yielded 8 competencies. This initial framework led to the development of the preliminary version of a 22-item questionnaire. The piloting phase resulted in 23 items. 74 EAP teachers from both camps (language and content) participated in the final administration. Various factor analyses, internal consistency, and correlation of all of the items were performed. The data obtained confirmed a sufficiently reliable and valid scale, consisting of 6 components (with the same underlying themes of 8 competencies extracted earlier) and 23 items for measuring the EAP teachers' competencies