Intergenerational transmission of education : evidence from India

India is one of the fastest growing economies in the world presenting at the same time significant levels of inequality, in particular in terms of education. Arguably, one of the main issues regarding India´s potential economic development and growth is the lack of skilled labour force. This thesis tackles this constraint in growth by studying how education is transmitted between generations in India. Census data from 1983 to 2009 is utilised to provide empirical evidence to both intergenerational education transmission, as well as to potential mechanisms behind the estimated transmission. Empirical evidence provides three results. Firstly, intergenerational mobility in India has increased, due to an increase in the educational attainment of children of low-educated parents. Secondly, the gender gap is closing in terms of mobility. Thirdly, positive association between increasing mobility and economic performance and education policy.A Índia é uma das economias com mais rápido crescimento económico do mundo, apresentando, ao mesmo tempo, significantes níveis de desigualdade. Uma das principais particularidades à cerca do potencial de desenvolvimento económico e crescimento da Índia é a falta de força de trabalho qualificada. Esta tese aborda a restrição no crescimento económico através da análise da transmissão de educação entre gerações na Índia. Neste trabalho, são utilizados dados de censos entre 1983 e 2009 de modo a obter evidência empírica sobre a transmissão da educação intergeracional, bem como sobre possíveis mecanismos na origem da mobilidade estimada. As provas empíricas permitem inferir 3 conclusões. Em primeiro lugar, o aumento na mobilidade intergeracional na Índia deveu-se a um aumento no nível educacional de crianças filhas de pais com reduzido nível educacional. Em segundo, as diferenças de mobilidade entre géneros vão diminuindo ao longo dos anos até ao seu desaparecimento. E, finalmente, em terceiro lugar, demonstrou-se uma associação entre o aumento da mobilidade e o desempenho económico e a política educacional

A financial analysis on business activity monitoring mechanisms in Millennium BCP

CEMSThis work project is related to the business project on Business Activity Monitoring Mechanisms and Culture in Millennium BCP. The report is focused mainly on three aspects: the analysis of the Portuguese banking industry, where Millennium BCP is inserted in and the company’s characteristics; the exposition of the work done throughout the business project; and the deepening of the cost-benefit analysis that Business Activity Monitoring can bring to a bank. In the end, a summary of the costbenefit analysis is attached that could be used as a model to understand the financial perspective of BAM to a bank, as Millennium BCP

Business risk : financial reporting in Portugal and Spain

Disclosing iriformation about business risk is a quite relevant question. Companies, already, have to report about risk. Our objective is to acknowledge that disclosing such iriformation fol.fils important needs of financial iriformation users. We analyse the 2002 Annual Reports of companies integrating our samples, and make a content analyses. We observe that there is a statistical significant relation between disclosing operational, financial, strategic and business risks and size, when it concerns the Portuguese sample and between financial risk and leverage, when it concerns the Spanish sample. Yet, we found no evidence of relationship between financial disclosure and cost of debtinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF THREE ESSENTIAL OILS FROM PORTUGUESE FLORA

The present work reports on the evaluation of chemical composition and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oils of three aromatic herbs, growing wild in the south of Portugal, used in traditional food preparations: Foeniculum vulgare, Mentha spicata and Rosmarinus officinalis. The principal components of essential oils were anethole (41.2%) for F. vulgare, carvone (41.1%) for M. spicata and myrcene (23.7%) for R. officinalis. Essential oils showed antioxidant activity either by DPPH radical scavenging method and system β- carotene/acid linoleic method. Antimicrobial activity of essential oils was observed against pathogenic bacteria and yeasts and food spoilage fungi. F.vulgare essential oil showed bacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enteritidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus niger and Fusarium oxysporum with MICs of 0.25-0.75mg/mL. M. spicata oil was active against E.coli, S.aureus, C.albicans, A. niger and F. oxysporum with MICs ranging between 0.25 and 0.75mg/mL. R. officinalis essential oil showed activity against E.coli and C.albicans with MICs of 0.5-1.0mg/mL. Having in account the important antioxidant and antimicrobial properties observed in present work, we consider that these essential oils might be useful on pharmaceutical and food industry as natural antibiotic and food preservativ

É a desobediência civil eticamente aceitável?

Este texto é o resultado de uma atividade realizada numa aula de filosofia do 10.º ano de escolaridade, depois de estudado e debatido o tema da desobediência civil e da pesquisa sobre alguns autores que se debruçaram sobre o assunto. É um texto argumentativo em que se defende uma posição sobre um determinado problema filosófico. Parte-se de uma pergunta, que identifica o problema em análise, segue-se a definição dos termos e a adoção de uma posição pessoal. Em seguida o autor defende a sua posição com bons argumentos, considera as objeções existentes, refuta-as e conclui de modo a que fique clara qual é a sua posição e quais os melhores argumentos para a defender.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Extractability and mobility of mercury from agricultural soils surrounding industrial and mining contaminated areas

This study focussed on a comparison of the extractability of mercury in soils with two different contamination sources (a chlor-alkali plant and mining activities) and on the evaluation of the influence of specific soil properties on the behaviour of the contaminant. The method applied here did not target the identification of individual species, but instead provided information concerning the mobility of mercury species in soil. Mercury fractions were classified as mobile, semi-mobile and non-mobile. The fractionation study revealed that in all samples mercury was mainly present in the semi-mobile phase (between 63 and 97%). The highest mercury mobility (2.7 mg kg-1) was found in soils from the industrial area. Mining soils exhibited higher percentage of non-mobile mercury, up to 35%, due to their elevated sulfur content. Results of factor analysis indicate that the presence of mercury in the mobile phase could be related to manganese and aluminum soil contents. A positive relation between mercury in the semi-mobile fraction and the aluminium content was also observed. By contrary, organic matter and sulfur contents contributed to mercury retention in the soil matrix reducing the mobility of the metal. Despite known limitations of sequential extraction procedures, the methodology applied in this study for the fractionation of mercury in contaminated soil samples provided relevant information on mercury's relative mobility

The Teutons in the West: Teutonic Cavalry in the Baltic (13th-15th centuries)

A presente tese procura um melhor entendimento sobre a cavalaria Teutónica na região do mar Báltico entre os séculos XIII a XV, particularmente porque a Ordem Teutónica e todo o processo das Cruzadas no Báltico recebem pouca atenção, sendo um tema que não é estudado em Portugal. Este trabalho, para além de contar com bibliografia secundária sobre as Cruzadas, a cavalaria medieval, as Ordens Militares e o cavalo durante aquele período da Idade Média, baseia-se sobretudo na consulta, tratamento e interpretação crítica de fontes primárias traduzidas, entre as quais se destacam as Regras do Templo e da Ordem Teutónica, e as duas principais crónicas desta segunda organização monástico/militar. Sempre que possível, a Arqueologia virá em socorro da História. De forma a que o tema seja devidamente exposto, procurou-se contextualizar aqueles cavaleiros e os seus cavalos no seu espaço e tempo, isto é, desde a fundação da Ordem na Terra Santa durante a Terceira Cruzada até à Batalha de Grunwald/Tannenberg na Polónia em 1410. Porém, dada a natureza da Ordem (composição maioritariamente germânica e sua ligação ao Sacro-Império), será dada especial atenção aos acontecimentos no Báltico, dado que foi naquela região, nomeadamente na Prússia, que a Ordem Teutónica conseguiu desenvolver o seu ‘Ordensstaat’ e prolongar a sua existência até se tornar completamente anacrónica; também, pelo facto de as cruzadas contra os pagãos no Báltico se terem tornado preferíveis para os cristãos da Europa central e do norte por causa da proximidade geográfica (e, por isso, por acarretar menores custos). Para além desta contextualização, procurou-se também conhecer com mais profundidade os cavaleiros e cavalos teutónicos: as suas origens, o seu treino e a relação entre o cavaleiro e a sua montada. De igual forma, o espaço onde viveram e lutaram, o seu sistema logístico e a panóplia de equipamento serão abordados. E, para uma imagem mais completa e coerente, para além do combate propriamente dito, serão analisados, dentro do possível, o tipo de traumas, sobretudo os físicos, com que estes cavaleiros e cavalos tiveram de lidar.The following thesis aims at a better understanding of how Teutonic cavalry conducted warfare in the Baltic between the 13th and 15th centuries. Not only are the Teutonic Order and the Baltic Crusades given less attention in comparison to other subjects in the same field of study, they are subjects that are not studied in Portugal. This work features bibliographies pertaining the Crusades, medieval cavalry, the Military Orders and the medieval horse; it most predominantly relies on the critical consulting, treatment, and interpretation of translated primary sources, from which the Templar and Teutonic rules, as well as the main Teutonic chronicles are highlighted. Whenever possible, Archaeology will aid History. To fully explore the subject at hand, it was attempted to contextualize these knights and their horses in their space and time; specifically, from the Order’s foundation in the Holy Land during the Third Crusade to the Battle of Grunwald/Tannenberg in Poland (1410). However, given the nature of the Teutonic Order (mainly Germanic and linked to the Holy Roman Empire), special attention will be given to the Baltic, as it was in that region - namely in Prussia - that the Teutonic Order succeeded in creating the ‘Ordensstaat’ and managed to prolong its own existence until it became anachronistic. Another reason the Baltic will be featured in this thesis is because the act of crusading against the Baltic pagans became a preference to Northern and Central European Christians given their geographical proximity (and, consequently, was a cheaper endeavour). Beyond this contextualization, the design of this thesis is to understand as much as possible the Teutonic knights and horses: their backgrounds, their training, and the relationship between knight and mount. Similarly, the space where they lived and fought, their logistics, and their equipment will also be explored. And, for a complete and coherent picture, the types of trauma and the repercussions – especially physical – that these knights and horses dealt with will also be discussed, within reason